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Identification of Nanocrystalline Inclusions in Bismuth-Doped Silica Fibers and Preforms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 September 2016

Liudmila D. Iskhakova ,
Filipp O. Milovich ,
Valery M. Mashinsky ,
Alexander S. Zlenko ,
Sergey E. Borisovsky  and
Evgeny M. Dianov
Liudmila D. Iskhakova*
Affiliation:
Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119333 Moscow, Russia
Filipp O. Milovich
Affiliation:
Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119333 Moscow, Russia National University of Science and Technology (MISiS), Center of Material Science, 4 Leninskiy prospect, 119049 Moscow, Russia
Valery M. Mashinsky
Affiliation:
Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119333 Moscow, Russia
Alexander S. Zlenko
Affiliation:
Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119333 Moscow, Russia
Sergey E. Borisovsky
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology of Ore Deposits, Petrography, Mineralogy and Geochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 35 Staromonetniy per., 119027 Moscow, Russia
Evgeny M. Dianov
Affiliation:
Fiber Optics Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov Street, 119333 Moscow, Russia
*
* Corresponding author. [email protected]
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Abstract

The nature of nanocrystalline inclusions and dopant distribution in bismuth-doped silicate fibers and preforms are studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and energy and wavelength-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. The core compositions are Bi:SiO2, Bi:Al2O3–SiO2, Bi:GeO2–SiO2, Bi:Al2O3–GeO2–SiO2, and Bi:P2O5–Al2O3–GeO2–SiO2. Nanocrystals of metallic Bi, Bi2O3, SiO2, GeO2, and Bi4(GeO4)3 are observed in these glasses. These inclusions can be the reason for the background optical loss in bismuth-doped optical fibers. The bismuth concentration of 0.0048±0.0006 at% is directly measured in aluminosilicate optical fibers with effective laser generation (slope efficiency of 27% at room temperature).

Keywords

bismuthoptical fibernanocrystalline inclusionsmicroprobe analysistransmission electron microscopy
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 22 , Issue 5 , October 2016 , pp. 987 - 996
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2016 

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