Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T05:56:28.220Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

FIB-Etching of Polymer/Metal Laminates and its Effect on Mechanical Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 November 2014

Enne Faber ,
Willem P. Vellinga  and
Jeff T.M. De Hosson
Enne Faber
Affiliation:
Materials innovation institute M2i, Department of Applied Physics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
Willem P. Vellinga
Affiliation:
Materials innovation institute M2i, Department of Applied Physics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
Jeff T.M. De Hosson*
Affiliation:
Materials innovation institute M2i, Department of Applied Physics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, the Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author. [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This paper investigates the adhesive interface in a polymer/metal (polyethylene terephthalate/steel) laminate that is subjected to uniaxial strain. Cross-sections perpendicular to such interfaces were created with a focused ion beam and imaged with scanning electron microscopy during straining in the electron microscope. During in situ straining, glide steps formed by the steel caused traction at the interface and initiated crazes in the polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These crazes readily propagated along the free surface of the PET layer. Similar crazing has not been previously encountered in laminates that were pre-strained or in numerical calculations. The impact of focused ion beam treatments on mechanical properties of the polymer/metal laminate system was therefore investigated. It was found that mechanical properties such as toughness of PET are dramatically influenced by focused ion beam etching. It was also found that this change in mechanical properties has a different effect on the pre-strained and in situ strained samples.

Keywords

FIBmetal-polymeradhesiondamage
Type
Materials Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 20 , Issue 6 , December 2014 , pp. 1826 - 1834
Copyright
© Microscopy Society of America 2014 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bassim, N.D., De Gregorio, B.T., Kilcoyne, A.L.D., Scott, K., Chou, T., Wirick, S., Cody, G. & Stroud, R.M. (2012). Minimizing damage during FIB sample preparation of soft materials: FIB sample preparation of soft materials. J Microsc 245, 288–301.Google Scholar
Boelen, B., den Hartog, H. & van der Weijde, H. (2004). Product performance of polymer coated packaging steel, study of the mechanism of defect growth in cans. Prog Org Coatings 50, 40–46.Google Scholar
Callister, W.D. (2007). Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, 7th ed. New York, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Faber, E.T., Vellinga, W.P. & De Hosson, J.T.M. (2014). Local delamination on heavily deformed polymer–metal interfaces: Evidence from microscopy. J Mater Sci 49, 691–700.Google Scholar
Fragala, M.E., Compagnini, G., Torrisi, L. & Puglisi, O. (1998). Ion beam assisted unzipping of PMMA. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 141, 169–173.Google Scholar
Kim, S., Jeong Park, M., Balsara, N.P., Liu, G. & Minor, A.M. (2011). Minimization of focused ion beam damage in nanostructured polymer thin films. Ultramicroscopy 111, 191–199.Google Scholar
Lee, C.C., Alici, G., Spinks, G.M., Proust, G. & Cairney, J.M. (2011). Micron-scale polymer–metal cantilever actuators fabricated by focused ion beam. Sens Actuators A Phys 172, 462–470.Google Scholar
Lee, C.C., Proust, G., Alici, G., Spinks, G.M. & Cairney, J.M. (2012). Three-dimensional nanofabrication of polystyrene by focused ion beam: Nanofabrication of polystyrene by FIB. J Microsc 248, 129–139.Google Scholar
Lee, E.H. (1999). Ion-beam modification of polymeric materials – Fundamental principles and applications. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 151, 29–41.Google Scholar
Mahoney, C.M., Fahey, A.J., Gillen, G., Xu, C. & Batteas, J.D. (2006). Temperature-controlled depth profiling in polymeric materials using cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Appl Surf Sci 252, 6502–6505.Google Scholar
Mayer, J., Giannuzzi, L.A., Kamino, T. & Michael, J. (2007). Tem sample preparation and FIB-induced damage. MRS Bull 32, 400–407.Google Scholar
Nugroho, P., Mitomo, H., Yoshii, F. & Kume, T. (2001). Degradation of poly (L-lactic acid) by γ-irradiation. Polym Degrad Stab 72, 337–343.Google Scholar
Oshima, A., Okubo, S., Oyama, T.G., Washio, M. & Tagawa, S. (2012). Nano- and micro-fabrications of polystyrene having atactic and syndiotactic structures using focused ion beams lithography. Radiat Phys Chem 81, 584–588.Google Scholar
Oyama, T.G., Hinata, T., Nagasawa, N., Oshima, A., Washio, M., Tagawa, S. & Taguchi, M. (2013). Micro/nanofabrication of poly(L-lactic acid) using focused ion beam direct etching. Appl Phys Lett 103, 163105.Google Scholar
Rastogi, R. (2003). Aspects of Plastic Deformation of PET/Steel Laminates. Eindhoven: TUE.Google Scholar
Rivera, F., Davis, R. & Vanfleet, R. (2013). Alternative FIB TEM sample preparation method for cross-sections of thin metal films deposited on polymer substrates. Microsc Microanal 19, 1080–1091.Google Scholar
Schmied, R., Chernev, B., Trimmel, G. & Plank, H. (2012). New possibilities for soft matter applications: Eliminating technically induced thermal stress during FIB processing. RSC Adv 2, 6932.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sezen, M., Plank, H., Fisslthaler, E., Chernev, B., Zankel, A., Tchernychova, E., Blümel, A., List, E.J.W., Grogger, W. & Pölt, P. (2011). An investigation on focused electron/ion beam induced degradation mechanisms of conjugated polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 13, 20235–20240.Google Scholar
Strobl, G. (1997). The Physics of Polymers , 2nd ed. Heidelberg: Springer.Google Scholar
Van Tijum, R., Vellinga, W.P. & De Hosson, J.T.M. (2007). Surface roughening of metal–polymer systems during plastic deformation. Acta Mater 55, 2757–2764.Google Scholar
Ziegler, J.F. (2014). Stopping Range of Ions in Matter (software). Available at www.srim.org (retrieved May 6, 2014).Google Scholar
Ziegler, J.F., Biersack, J.P. & Ziegler, M.D. (2008). SRIM, The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter. IBM-Research, Yorktown, USA: Lulu.com.Google Scholar