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Characterization of Tubercles in Cast Iron Water Distribution Pipes Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 July 2020

P. Sarin ,
W.M. Kriven  and
V.L. Snoeyink
P. Sarin
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
W.M. Kriven
Affiliation:
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
V.L. Snoeyink
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
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Extract

Corrosion of cast iron (C.I.) pipe often results in the formation of “tubercles” on the inner surface of the pipe. Tubercles are layered deposits formed by the stacking of several layers of corrosion products one on top of the other (Fig.l). Tubercles not only increase the amount of energy required for transport of water but are also considered the main source of turbidity in potable water. Their chemical and physical characteristics are important factors which affect the release of iron into the bulk water.

Tubercles are extremely complex systems. They may be highly crystalline in nature, with iron occurring in chemical structures, such as siderite (FeCO3), goethite (α-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4) and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH) or they may be highly amorphous. Tubercles vary in height from a few millimeters to a few centimeters. They exhibit distinct layers which are formed over varying periods of time ranging from a few months to a century.

Type
Oxidation, Corrosion, and Protective Coatings
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 3 , Issue S2: Proceedings: Microscopy & Microanalysis '97, Microscopy Society of America 55th Annual Meeting, Microbeam Analysis Society 31st Annual Meeting, Histochemical Society 48th Annual Meeting, Cleveland, Ohio, August 10-14, 1997 , August 1997 , pp. 787 - 788
Copyright
Copyright © Microscopy Society of America 1997

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References

Sontheimer, H.et al., Journal of American Water Works Association, 11(1981)572–910.1002/j.1551-8833.1981.tb04801.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of facilities at the Center for Advanced Cementitious Materials, UIUC. This work was sponsored by the American Water Works Association and Research Foundation.Google Scholar