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Betahistine Attenuates Seizures, Neurodegeneration, Apoptosis, and Gliosis in the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in a Mouse Model of Epilepsy: A Histological, Immunohistochemical, and Biochemical Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 June 2022

Amany Mohamed Shalaby Open the ORCID record for Amany Mohamed Shalaby [Opens in a new window] ,
Heba E.M. Sharaf Eldin ,
Ahmed Ahmed Abdelsameea ,
Hanim Magdy Abdelnour ,
Mohamed Ali Alabiad Open the ORCID record for Mohamed Ali Alabiad [Opens in a new window] ,
Mahmoud Ramadan Elkholy  and
Adel Mohamed Aboregela
Amany Mohamed Shalaby*
Affiliation:
Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
Heba E.M. Sharaf Eldin
Affiliation:
Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
Ahmed Ahmed Abdelsameea
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Hanim Magdy Abdelnour
Affiliation:
Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Mohamed Ali Alabiad
Affiliation:
Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Mahmoud Ramadan Elkholy
Affiliation:
Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
Adel Mohamed Aboregela
Affiliation:
Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
*
*Corresponding author: Amany Mohamed Shalaby, E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

Epilepsy is a prevalent and chronic neurological disorder marked by recurring, uncontrollable seizures of the brain. Chronic or repeated seizures produce memory problems and induce damage to different brain regions. Histamine has been reported to have neuroprotective effects. Betahistine is a histamine analogue. The current research investigated the effects of convulsions on the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of adult male albino mice and assessed the possible protective effect of betahistine. Four groups of 40 adult male mice were organized: control, betahistine (10 mg/kg/day), pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) (40 mg/kg/ on alternate days), and Betahistine-PTZ group received betahistine 1 h before PTZ. PTZ induced a substantial rise in glutamate level and a considerable decrease in histamine level. Structural changes in the cerebral cortex and cornu ammonis (CA1) of the hippocampus were detected in the pattern of neuron degeneration. Some neurons were shrunken with dark nuclei, and others had faintly stained ones. Focal accumulation of neuroglial cells and ballooned nerve cells of the cerebral cortex were also detected. Cleaved caspase-3, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 showed substantial increases, while synaptophysin expression was significantly reduced. Interestingly, these changes were less prominent in mice pretreated with betahistine. In conclusion, betahistine had shown neuroprotective properties against brain damage induced by convulsions.

Keywords

cerebral cortexepilepsyGFAPhippocampusIba-1
Type
Biological Applications
Information
Microscopy and Microanalysis , Volume 28 , Issue 5 , October 2022 , pp. 1734 - 1748
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Microscopy Society of America

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