Since the start of field station manufacturing approximately 25 years ago, the configuration of Road Weather Information System (RWIS) stations and the type of sensors used has changed very little. Little is known about the variation of climatic variables from the 2 m level, where instruments are normally placed, down to the road surface. The ‘Road Climate Room’ can be defined as the volume of air, road and surroundings influencing the conditions on the road. This study attempts to describe the Road Climate Room both theoretically and experimentally. Mobile measurements as well as a permanent station were used. At the permanent station detailed temperature measurements above and beside the road were made. These were related to other climatic variables such as wind, cloudiness, humidity and ground heat flux. The results show that the most important processes occur below the 10 cm level. The air column above this level is well represented by the 2 m level temperature sensor. For most situations the cooling of the air closest to the ground is much more intense in the vegetation than over the road. The temperature difference can be as large as 8 °C and can be represented statistically with high determination by wind and cloudiness. The heat storage in the road is a key factor for keeping the temperature of the road high throughout a full diurnal cycle. The cold air in the vegetation can be considered as a potential source for cold air drainage onto the road surface in terrain where that is a problem. No advection affecting the road surface was observed at the permanent station. This suggests that the Road Climate Room can be defined as being well within the internal boundary layer of the road. The mobile measurements, however, show that advection from the surroundings is likely to have taken place, which makes the definition of the Road Climate Room more difficult. Further studies are needed to fully understand the complicated processes.