The increasing proportion of renewable resources in electricity mixes, thedecentralization of energy supply and the growing use of electric vehicles demands thechallenging development of reliable, cost effective and flexible energy storagetechnologies. One option are electrochemical energy storage systems with high specificpower and high specific energy density. One of the most promising electrochemical energystorage systems is the lithium-ion batteries (LIB) which are customized regarding size,weight, specific energy and specific capacity what makes batteries ready for operationunder different conditions such as emerging electric power systems, grid support orelectric mobility [1]. Even though the lithium-Iontechnology for traction batteries is not yet widely applied, experiments and first useexperiences show that it is a promising electric energy storage system for electricmobility. However, the environmental impacts of battery production, use and recycling arenot well understood. To gain a better understanding about the ecological properties ofLIBs material and energy flow analysis (MEFA) is conducted. The MEFA defines the possiblesources and consumers of relevant materials, substances, pollutants and energy flows[2, 3]. Thepresented study analyses the consumed materials and energy as well as the emittedsubstances and waste heat of different LIBs. The main focus of the MEFA is on theproduction phase and includes active and passive components and material such asmetal-salts, electrode materials, other functional metals (e.g. current collectors,casing, etc.), plastics (e.g. separator) and electrolytes [4--7] and on energy consumption aswell.