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The Rubber Industry of Burma, 1876-1964*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2011

Voon Phin Keong
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Extract

Burma is a minor producer of rubber, yet its association with the cultivation of rubber dates back to the earliest days of the industry in the East. The overall process of development of the industry in Burma is little understood, especially regarding the early period. This article reviews the industry in its historical and contemporary perspectives and examines its problems and future prospects.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Southeast Asian Studies , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , September 1973 , pp. 216 - 228
Copyright
Copyright © The National University of Singapore 1973

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References

1 Petch, T., “Notes on the History of the Plantation Rubber Industry of the East”, Annals of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, Vol. 5, 1911-1914, p. 441Google Scholar. Seaton, W.J. “Note on Cultivation of Hevea brasiliensis in the Tenasserim Forest Circle, 1880”, reprinted in All About Rubber and Gutta-Percha, J. Ferguson (Compiler), A.M. & J. Ferguson, Colombo, 1899, pp. cc-ccii.

2 India-Rubber Journal, Vol. 41, 1911, p. 1271Google Scholar.

3 Hearsey, W.A.Notes on the Cultivation of Hevea in Burma, Hanthawaddy Printing Works, Rangoon, 1906, p. 4Google Scholar.

4 Tropical Agriculturist, Vol. 20, 1901, pp. 312–313Google Scholar; Vol. 21, 1902, pp. 556-557.

5 Ibid., Vol. 24, 1904, p. 756; Vol. 27, 1907, p. 345.

6 Todd, W.S., A Note on Rubber Cultivation in the Amherst District, Rangoon, 1906, pp. 23Google Scholar; Joseph, Dautremer, Burma Under British Rule, T. Fisher Unwin Limited, London, 1913, p. 225Google Scholar.

7 The Lower Burma Land Revenue Manual, 1911, (collected up to 04, 1927), Government Printing and Stationery, Rangoon, pp. 33–35Google Scholar.

8 India Rubber World, Vol. 58, 1918, p. 515Google Scholar.

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10 India Rubber World, Vol. 115, 1946, p. 122Google Scholar.

11 See Htoo, Tin, “A District by District Account of the Rubber Industry of Burma”, Journal of the Burma Research Society, Vol. 45, 12 1962, pp. 181–192Google Scholar.

12 Callis, Halmut G., Foreign Capital in Southeast Asia, Institute of Pacific Relations, New York, 1942, p. 94Google Scholar.

13 See Keong, Voon Phin, “The Rubber Plantation Industry in Selangor, 1899-1909: A Case Study of European Economic Penetration”, Geographica, Vol. 7, 1971, Kuala Lumpur, pp. 81–98Google Scholar.

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15 See Lloyd, W., Report to the Government of Burma on the Rubber Planting Industry, Expanded Technical Assistance Programme Report No. 402, FAO, Rome, 1955Google Scholar; Report to the Government of Burma on the Rehabilitation of the Rubber Industry, ETAP No. 1261, FAO, Rome, 1960Google Scholar; Report to the Government of Burma on Progress in the Rehabilitation of the Rubber Planting Industry, ETPA No. 2165, FAO, Rome, 1966Google Scholar. Scientific investigations by a mycologist from Malaya in 1921 and 1923 resulted in two valuable papers. See Pinching, H.C., “The Growing of Hevea brasiliensis in Lower Burma”, Bulletin of the Rubber Growers Association, Vol. 3, 1921, pp. 64–75Google Scholar, and “Rubber in Burma”Ibid., Vol. 5, 1923, pp. 647-655.

16 Htoo, Tin, “An Overall View of the Rubber Industry of Burma”, Journal of Burma Research Society, Vol. 45, 06 1962, p. 94Google Scholar.

17 , Lloyd, 1966, op. cit., p. 3Google Scholar.