^{page 121 note 1} Information from Mr. A. H. A. Hogg.

^{page 121 note 2} For excavation of this fort in 1913 by White, H. G. Evelyn, see Arch. Cambrensis⁶ XIV, 1914, 1–58Google Scholar, and F. Haverfield, Roman Britain in 1913 (Brit. Acad. Suppl. Papers 11, 1914), 15 ff., fig. 6. For airview of the site see JRS XLIII, pl. x, 1.

^{page 121 note 3} Information from the excavator, Mr. Leslie Alcock.

^{page 122 note 4} Information from Dr. V. E. Nash-Williams who directed the excavation and to whom we are indebted for the plan (fig. 9) and photograph (pl. LI, 1).

^{page 122 note 5} The type is what Loeschke (Lampen aus Vindonissa (1919), 256, Taf. 111, 841, 856) calls the ‘Firma’ lamp. The ‘wart’ decoration, sometimes in the form of a cross, on the base, occurs in the first century B.C. and later, and has no dating value—see H. Menzel, Antike Lampen im Röm-Germ. Zentralmuseum zu Mainz (1954), 60, Abt. LI, 1 and 4; 23, Abt. 19, 1, 2; 82, 10 (580, 581); cf. below p. 216.

^{page 123 note 6} F. Newall, the excavator, in the ‘Ninth Report of the Scottish Regional Group of the Council of British Archaeology’.

^{page 123 note 7} The excavation was directed by Miss Anne Robertson, for the Hunterian Museum, with the help of the Scottish Field School of Archaeology. Information from the ‘Ninth Report of the Scottish Regional Group of the Council of British Archaeology’.

^{page 123 note 8} For the site see above, p. 86.

^{page 123 note 8a} JRS XLI, 1951, 58 f., pl. VI, 1.

^{page 124 note 9} Information from Mr. John Clarke.

^{page 124 note 10} Cumberland and Westm. Ant. and Arch. Soc. Trans. (= C and W²), XII, 1892–1893, 344 ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 125 note 11} Information from Mr. Robert Hogg, of Carlisle Museum, and to him we are indebted for the drawing shown in fig. 7.

^{page 126 note 12} C and W², XLVII, 1947, 78 ff.Google Scholar; I. A. Richmond in Collingwood Bruce, Handbook to the Roman Wall, 10th ed., 1947, 213 f. Cf. JRS XLI, 1951, 55 fGoogle Scholar.

^{page 126 note 13} Air photographs have already confirmed the discovery of mile-fortlets, no. 1 at Biglands House and no. 9 at Skinburness at the base of Grune Point; o.c, LIV, 1954, 32, 35.

^{page 127 note 14} Full report by R. L. Bellhouse, ‘Roman finds on Cumberland coasts 1954,’ ibid., LIV, 1954, St 8 ff. We are much indebted to the Editor of the Transactions for the loan of blocks used in figs. 8, 9 and 10.

^{page 127 note 15} ibid., XLIX, 1950, 32 ff.

^{page 127 note 16} ibid., LIV, 1954, 51–4.

^{page 127 note 17} Bellhouse, R. L., C and W², LIII, 1953, 50Google Scholar, hence fig. 10. It should also be mentioned that Mr. Bellhouse has been engaged on surveying in greater detail than heretofore the roads south-west from the fort at Old Penrith to Keswick and notes three temporary camps in this region, o.c., LIV, 1954, 17 ff. and 26. See also above, pp. 83 f., pl. XVI, and cf. JRS XLI, 1951, 54Google Scholar.

^{page 127 note 18} See above, p. 84, and plate XVII.

^{page 128 note 19} Information from Professor I. A. Richmond.

^{page 128 note 20} Information from Mr. Eric Birley who directed the excavation for the Cumberland and Westmorland Archaeological Society and the Durham University Excavation Committee.

^{page 128 note 21} Information from Mr. J. A. Petch, who directed a small excavation for the local branch of the Classical Association and the Lancashire and Cheshire Antiquarian Society, which will publish a report in its Transactions for 1953–4 (vol. LXIV).

^{page 129 note 22} Grimes, W. F., Holt, Denbighshire (Y Cymmrodor XLI, 1930, 140)Google Scholar, with DE ligatured; cf. below, p. 146, no. 8).

^{page 129 note 23} Information and plans from Mr. D. F. Petch, of the Grosvenor Museum, who directed the excavations for the Chester Archaeological Society with the aid of a grant from the Ministry of Works.

^{page 129 note 24} Chester Arch. Soc. Journ. XXX, 1933, 7 ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 130 note 25} Information from B. Hartley, the excavator.

^{page 130 note 26} JRS XV, 176 ff.; XVIII, 61 ff.

^{page 130 note 27} The excavation was carried out by H. G. Ramm for the Royal Commission on Historical Monuments and the Ministry of Works, and it is hoped to publish a report in a future issue of the Journal.

^{page 131 note 28} The excavation was carried out by St. Peter's schoolboys and a report will be published in the Yorks Philos. Soc. Trans., 1954, 13 ff. Information and map from Mr. H. G. Ramm.

^{page 131 note 29} Information from Mr. L. P. Wenham who directed the excavations. For inscribed objects found here see below, pp. 146–7, 148, nos. 11 and 20.

^{page 131 note 30} Excavated by Pocklington schoolboys. Report to be published in York Arch. Journ. CLII, 1955. Information from Mr. H. G. Ramm.

^{page 131 note 31} Arch. Journ. CIII, 31, fig. 6.

^{page 131 note 32} Information from Mr. F. H. Thompson who directed the excavations for the Lincoln Archaeological Research Committee; the site is to be laid out by Lincoln Corporation, the body already responsible for the Newport Arch.

^{page 131 note 33} Information from Mr. F. H. Thompson.

^{page 132 note 34} Information from Mr. Graham Webster, as in note 35.

^{page 132 note 35} The work was directed by Mr Graham Webster for the Birmingham Archaeological Society, with the help of the City and Museum, and it is part of a scheme organized by the Extra-Mural Department of Birmingham University for the carrying out of field work in the West Midlands in an endeavour to obtain information on the early military advance in this region.

^{page 132 note 36} The excavation was conducted by the Birmingham Archaeological Society under the auspices of the Extra-Mural Department of Birmingham University. The site was found in an air photograph (JRS XLIII, 83) and trenched in 1947 and 1952. See Birmingham Arch. Soc. Trans. LXIX, 1953, 52Google Scholar, fig. 2.

^{page 133 note 37} Information and photograph from Dr. Philip Corder on behalf of the Summer School organized by the Department of Adult Education of Nottingham University.

^{page 134 note 38} JRS XXXVIII, 86 f., fig. 16 with references to a similar Gaulish site.

^{page 134 note 39} To be published in 1956.

^{page 134 note 40} Information from Group Captain Knocker, who excavated the site for the Ministry of Works before its destruction. The objects are retained by the Marquess of Exeter the original owner of the property.

^{page 135 note 41} Information from Mr. David Smith, who directed the work for the Ministry of Works and completes the excavation in 1955.

^{page 135 note 42} Vict. Co. Hist. Northants 1, 184 ff.

^{page 135 note 43} Information from Mr. John Alexander, who directed the excavations for the Ministry of Works.

^{page 136 note 44} Arch. News Letter, Oct.–Nov., 1954, p. 111. Cf. also for similar sites, pp. 89 ff., pls. XXI, 1 and XX.

^{page 136 note 45} It was dug by the Manshead Archaeological Society. Information from the local press.

^{page 136 note 46} References to earlier excavations are in the Inventory of Buckinghamshire (RCHM) 1, 1912, 194Google Scholar.

^{page 136 note 47} Information from B. R. Hartley, who, with R. R. Inskeep, supervised the excavations for the Ministry of Works. The report will be published in Records of Bucks. We are indebted to Mr. Hartley and the Ministry of Works for the drawing (fig. 17) and the photograph (pl. XL, 2).

^{page 136 note 48} Information from A. Saunders, who supervised the excavations for the Ministry of Works.

^{page 136 note 49} Excavated by the Norwich Museum staff under Mr. R. R. Clarke.

^{page 136 note 50} Information from Mr. R. R. Clarke and ‘Bulletin of Archaeological Discoveries for 1954’ (Council of British Archaeology, Group 7).

^{page 136 note 51} ibid. (cf. JRS XLIII, 122).

^{page 137 note 52} ibid.

^{page 137 note 53} Mr. M. R. Hull, F.S.A., sent information of all Essex sites.

^{page 137 note 54} Information from Mr. M. R. Hull and Mr. J. Campen to whom we are indebted for the photograph.

^{page 138 note 55} The completion of the investigation was made possible through the generosity and co-operation of the site owners and contractors, who removed all the modern obstructions and gave time for the excavation to be completed. We are indebted to Mr. Grimes for the photograph of the temple and to the Keeper of the Guildhall Museum for those of the marbles. For the inscribed objects see below pp. 145 f.

^{page 139 note 56} Information from Mr. Norman Cook, Keeper of the Guildhall Museum.

^{page 139 note 57} N. V. Riley, Arch. News Letter, Aug., 1954, 66. For earlier finds sec Roman London (RCHM), 1928, 164 f.

^{page 139 note 58} The excavation was carried out by Miss E. Rutter on behalf of the Ashmolean Museum, at the request of the National Trust, the owners of the Villa. For a graffito see below, p. 149, no. 27.

^{page 139 note 59} Vict. Co. Hist. Som. 1, 1906, 305Google Scholar; J. A. Davies, Bristol Times and Mirror, 1st Dec., 1928, hence JRS XVIII, 1928, 205Google Scholar.

^{page 139 note 60} Information from Mr. C. M. Sykes, who conducted the excavations for the Clevedon Archaeological Society at the invitation of the owner of the farm, Mr. John Butter.

^{page 140 note 61} The laboratory examination is not yet completed and therefore publication must wait till 1956.

^{page 140 note 62} Information from Mr. P. Rahtz who with Mr. E. Greenfield directed the excavation which was financed by the Ministry of Works and Bristol Waterworks Co. Publication is to be in a Research Report of the Ancient Monuments Department of the Ministry of Works by the Stationery Office. The site is c. 4 miles N. of the lead-mining area of Charterhouse.

^{page 140 note 63} Information from Miss I. Anthony, of the Pump Room Museum, where the best of the coffins are preserved.

^{page 140 note 64} Information from Mr. P. Rahtz. Trial trenches had been dug by the Axbridge Archaeological Society. For earlier information see Vict. Co. Hist. Som. 1, 1906, 307 fGoogle Scholar.

^{page 140 note 65} Information from Mr. P. Rahtz. The excavation was by Mr. Ashworth of Burrington. For Wookey Hole see Vict. Co. Hist. Som. 1, 1906, 369Google Scholar; Vict. Co. Hist. Derbs. 1, 1905, 240Google Scholar; JRS XLIII, 123.

^{page 140 note 66} L. C. Hayward, who conducted the excavation for the Yeovil School Archaeological Society, has reported in the Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries XXVI, 1954, 213 ffGoogle Scholar.

^{page 140 note 67} Information from Mr. St. George Gray, who points out that the site is within 100 yds. of a hoard of coins of Constantius II found in 1916. See Som. Arch. Soc. Proc. LXII, 112. For the villa, see JRS XII, 267; XVIII, 206, with complete plan.

^{page 141 note 68} Report from Mr. R. A. H. Farrar. The site was explored by Mr. N. H. Field.

^{page 141 note 69} The excavation was directed by Mr. P. A. Brown with the assistance of Mr. J. B. Calkin, who reports in Dorset N.H., and Arch. Soc. Proc. LXXV, 54 ff., where he gives a comprehensive account of the local shale armlet industry and its tools in the Iron Age and the Roman Period.

^{page 142 note 70} The excavation was carried out by boys of Bishop Wordsworth School, Salisbury. Salisbury Times, 20th August, 1954, and the Southern Daily Echo, 19th and 27th August, 1954.

^{page 142 note 71} Information from Mr. G. C. Boon, Reading Museum, where the brooch now is. For its type, see Kovrig, I., Die haupttypen der kaiserzeitlichen Fibeln in Pannonia. (Diss. Pan. Series II, 4, 1937), 19Google Scholar, type 76, plates VIII and XXX, 4.

^{page 142 note 72} JRS XXX, 177; Archaeologia XCII, 1947, 137.

^{page 142 note 73} Information from Mr. G. C. Boon, who directed the excavations for Reading Museum.

^{page 142 note 74} Report by Miss S. Butcher, who directed the excavations, in the Hants Field Club Proc. XIX, 1955, 6 ff.Google Scholar, pl. 111, to the Editor of which we are indebted for the block used in pl. L, 5.

^{page 143 note 75} Information from Miss Keefe, who directed the excavations for a West Sussex excavation group.

^{page 143 note 76} Information from Lieut.-Col. G. W. Meates, who dug the site.

^{page 145 note 77} Information from Mr. S. S. Frere, the Director of the excavations, to whom we are indebted for the drawings shown in figs. 19 and 20.

^{page 145 note 1} When measurements are quoted the width precedes the height.

^{page 145 note 2} Items 1–4 are here published by courtesy of Mr. W. F. Grimes, Honorary Director for the Roman and Medieval London Excavation Council. The items are in Guildhall Museum, where Mr. N. C. Cook kindly made them available.

^{page 146 note 3} Mr. G. Webster kindly sent the fragment for examination, on behalf of Dr. Kathleen Kenyon.

^{page 146 note 4} Now in the F. Gilbert Smith collection, Prestatyn Museum. Mr. E. H. Parry kindly aided the writer's inspection.

^{page 146 note 5} EE IX, 1040.

^{page 146 note 6} Mr. G. Webster kindly pointed out this amendment to Haverfield's reading in the Grosvenor Museum catalogue: V(aleriae) V(ictricis) s[acrum.

^{page 146 note 7} Miss M. G. Simpson kindly provided details.

^{page 146 note 8} Found by Mr. A. Thompson. Now in the possession of Mr. W. S. Abbott, of Sacrewell Farm, Thornhaugh, Peterborough, who kindly submitted it.

^{page 146 note 9} Excavated by Mr. L. P. Wenham, who kindly sent it for examination. Wright, , CW² LIV (1954), 102, fig. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 147 note 10} On the Combe Down, Bath, sealing (CIL VII, 62, EE IX, p. 516) PBRS may now be expanded as ‘p(rouinciae) Br(itanniae) S(uperioris)’.

^{page 147 note 11} The Assistant Curator, Major A. B. Gay, kindly made the sealings and register of the collection available. See Wright, CW² LIV (1954), 103Google Scholar.

^{page 147 note 12} Mr. E. Birley kindly sent it for examination. The sealing is fragile, and a vertical break has been repaired.

^{page 147 note 13} Now in the Grosvenor Museum, Chester; Mr. G. Webster kindly sent the object for recording.

^{page 147 note 14} Now in Newark Museum; Mr. A. Smith kindly sent full details and a photograph. For a similar casket from Bishop Norton, Lines, see JRS XXXVII (1947), 180Google Scholar.

^{page 147 note 15} Now in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh, where Mr. R. B. K. Stevenson first noticed the inscription and kindly made it available. For the hoard see Anderson, , PSAS XVIII (1883/1884), 241Google Scholar.

^{page 148 note 16} Mr. G. Webster kindly drew the writer's attention to this object and proposed this reading.

^{page 148 note 17} Now in Guildhall Museum, where Mr. N. C. Cook kindly made it accessible.

^{page 148 note 18} Mr. S. S. Frere kindly sent the sherd for study.

^{page 148 note 19} Mr. L. P. Wenham kindly sent it for examination.

^{page 148 note 20} Lt.-Col. G. W. Meates kindly sent the sherds for inspection. Dr.Oswald, F. (Arch. Cant, LXV (1952), 43, 44Google Scholar, fig. 6, S2) proposed A ME DVLCIS AMI]CA · B[IBE, but this is too long. Professor J. M. C. Toynbee (in a letter) kindly suggested CA · L[O·] for καλῶ ‘I invite (you to drink) ’, quoting CIL XIII, 10018, no. 53, C · A – L · O ·; but, as each letter is not succeeded by a separate dot, the group of dots after CA should mark the beginning and end of the word.

^{page 148 note 21} Mr. S. S. Frere kindly sent this sherd and no. 24.

^{page 148 note 22} For the Gravesend Historical Society Mr. E. W. Tilley kindly sent three sherds (nos. 23, 28, 30). For the site see JRS XLIII (1953), 127Google Scholar, Penn, Arch. Cant. LXV (1952), 171Google Scholar.

^{page 148 note 23} For the site see Bellhouse, , CW² LIV (1954), 31, 42Google Scholar. For the graffito see Wright, ibid. 50, with postscript, 278.

^{page 149 note 24} Now in Guildhall Museum, where Mr. N. C. Cook kindly made it available.

^{page 149 note 25} The excavation was undertaken for the National Trust by Miss E. Rutter, who kindly sent the sherd for examination.

^{page 149 note 26} Penn, Arch. Cant. LXV (1952), 173Google Scholar.

^{page 149 note 27} Now in Verulamium Museum : Mr. J. Lunn kindly gave details and lent the sherd for study.

^{page 149 note 28} Now in Guildhall Museum; Mr. N. C. Cook kindly submitted it.

^{page 149 note 29} Lt.-Col. G. W. Meates kindly sent it for study. No reading is given in Arch. Cant. LXV (1952), 55, 56, no. 60Google Scholar.