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Roman Britain in 1956

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 September 2012

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Review Article
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Copyright © 1957. Exclusive Licence to Publish: The Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies

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References

page 198 note 1 Information, from G. D. B. Jones, who again directed this useful work with boys from High Wycombe Royal Grammar School, aided by a grant from the Buckinghamshire Education Committee. It is hoped that the survey will be published in Archaeologia Cambrensis.

page 198 note 2 Arch. Camb. 1914, p. 35, Rooms 16, 17.

page 198 note 3 Collingwood, R. G., Archaeology of Roman Britain (1930) 102, no. 11Google Scholar.

page 198 note 4 Information from Mr. Leslie Alcock, who directed the excavations for the Radnorshire Society, which will publish the report in its Transactions.

page 198 note 5 Arch. Camb. 1930, 149 ff.; 1931, 100 ff.

page 198 note 6 Information from Mr. Leslie Alcock.

page 201 note 7 Information from Mr. Alan Rae, who with Mrs. Rae directed the work undertaken at the instigation and advice of the Royal Commission of Ancient Monuments (Scotland) and with the help of Dr. K. A. Steer.

page 201 note 8 Information and section (re-drawn) from the excavator, Mr. A. E. Truckell, of Dumfries Museum; Discovery and Excavation, Scotland, 1956 (Council for British Archaeology, Scottish Regional Group), 13. A full report will be published in the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Nat. Hist, and Ant. Soc. Trans.

page 202 note 9 Discovery and Excavation, Scotland, 1955, 21; ibid. 1956, 38. The fort was examined by Dr. K. A. Steer for the Royal Commission on Ancient Monuments (Scotland) for the Peeblesshire Inventory, and a full report will be published in Soc. Ant. Scot. Proc.

page 202 note 10 Ferguson, Chancellor in Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. Trans. XII (1893), 350 ff.Google Scholar, diagram III; hence R. C. Shaw, ibid. n.s. XXIV (1924), 95 ff.

page 202 note 11 Information from Mr. Robert Hogg, of Tullie House Museum, whose detailed report of the three seasons' work will be published shortly in Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. Trans.

page 203 note 12 Information from Mr. R. L. Bellhouse, who directed the work in a week's training dig. The report is to be published in Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. Trans. LVI.

page 203 note 13 Information from Mr. R. L. Bellhouse, director of the excavations, whose report will be published in Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. Trans. LVI. The weight, 2 inches high, was filled with lead and weighed 5 ounces. For a graffito see below, p. 233, no. 35.

page 203 note 14 The site was first shown by McLauchlan, The Roman Wall (1857), on Sheet IV of his map; hence the O.S. 1 in. Sheet 18 shows a village; cf. Haverfield, , Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Trans. XV (1899), 358 ff.Google Scholar; for the fort see Simpson and Richmond, ibid., n.s. XXXVI (1936), 179 ff., especially p.181.

page 204 note 15 The excavation was carried out by Miss K. S. Hodgson and Mr. Brian Blake, who sent the information.

page 204 note 16 Arch. Ael. 4 VIII, 219 ff., pl. LVII.

page 205 note 17 The work was carried out by the Durham University Excavation Committee, the Cumberland Excavation Committee, and the South Shields Archaeological Society. The report will be published in Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. Trans. For an inscribed altar found in the cold bathroom see below, pp. 228 f., no. 12.

page 205 note 18 Arch. Ael. 4 XIV, 152 f.

page 205 note 19 The work was carried out by the Durham University Excavation Committee and the report will be published in Arch. Ael.

page 205 note 20 Arch. Ael. 3 VII, 145 ff., pl. 3, plan; XXXIII, 218 ff.

page 206 note 21 Arch. Ael.4 XXXIII (1955), 228 ff.Google Scholar

page 206 note 22 Arch. Ael. 4 XV, 255 f.

page 206 note 23 The work was carried out by the Durham University Excavation Committee. The report will be published in Arch. Ael.

page 206 note 24 Information from Mr. C. M. Daniels, who supervised the excavations for the Durham University Excavation Committee. The report will be published in Arch. Ael.

page 206 note 25 The investigation was carried out by Professor I. A. Richmond for the Durham University Excavation Committee. The report will be published in Arch. Ael.

page 206 note 26 JRS XXXVII, 167.

page 207 note 27 cf. H. McLauchlan, Eastern Branch of the Watling Street in the County of Northumberland (1867), Sheet 1. The work was directed by Mr. G. Jobey for the Ministry of Works and will be published in Arch. Ael.

page 208 note 28 Based on data given by R. G. Collingwood, Cumb. and Westm. Antiq. and Arch. Soc. Trans. n.s. XX, 139, and I. A. Richmond, Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot. LXIII, 131 ff.

page 208 note 29 Information from Mr. F. H. Thompson, who directed the work for the Excavation Committee of the Chester Archaeological Society with financial assistance from the Ministry of Works. For the tilestamps found, see below, p. 233, no. 28.

page 208 note 30 Information from Mr. F. H. Thompson, who found it impossible, owing to the method of excavation, to gain any idea of the plan of the buildings. For similar discoveries to the east and to the west see Chester Arch. Journ. XXXII (1939), 64 ff.Google Scholar, pl. 15.

page 208 note 31 The work was carried out by Mr. N. B. Wright and J. E. Jones with volunteers from Catterick Garrison. It is hoped that a report will be published in the Yorks. Arch. Journ.

page 208 note 32 cf. that at Lendal found in 1920, Yorks Arch. Journ. XXV, 352 ff., fig.

page 209 note 33 Information of no. 2 from Mr. Ian Stead, who directed one excavation on behalf of the Ministry of Works, the remainder from Mr. L. P. Wenham.

page 209 note 34 Information from Mr. Wenham, L. P., who published an account in the Yorks. Arch. Journ. XXXIX (1957), 276 ff.Google Scholar For an inscribed sarcophagus, see below, p. 227, no. 8.

page 209 note 35 The work was directed by Mr. H. G. Ramm for the Roman Antiquities Committee of the Yorks. Arch. Soc.

page 209 note 36 Information from Mr. J. Bartlett, of Sheffield City Museum, who dug the site with Mr. D. N. Riley.

page 210 note 37 Information from Mr. Brian Hartley, of Leeds University.

page 210 note 38 cf. Arch. Journ. CIII (1946), 41.Google Scholar

page 210 note 39 Information from Mr. D. F. Petch, of the City and County Museum, Lincoln.

page 210 note 40 Information from Mr. F. T. Baker.

page 211 note 41 Information from Mr. Charles Green, who directed the work for the Ministry of Works.

page 211 note 42 The four coins mentioned as coming from the ‘primary silt of the ditch’ actually came from the surface soil of the site.

page 211 note 43 The excavation was carried out by the Norfolk Research Committee. Information from Mr. R. R. Clarke.

page 211 note 44 Information from Mr. R. R. Clarke, the work being carried out by the Norwich Research Committee.

page 211 note 45 Antiqs. Journ. V, 258 ff.

page 211 note 46 They are now in the British Museum. Information from Mr. J. N. Brailsford and Mr. R. R. Clarke.

page 211 note 47 Information from Miss Liversidge, who is publishing the hoard in detail. The objects are the property of Moyses Hall Museum, Bury St. Edmunds.

page 211 note 48 West, S. E., Antiq. Journ. XXXVI, 73Google Scholar; JRS XLV, 136. Information from Mr. Norman Smedley.

page 211 note 49 Inventory of Essex (RCHM) III (1922), 140.Google Scholar

page 211 note 50 By Mr. M. J. Campen.

page 211 note 51 By Mr. H. P. Cooper.

page 211 note 52 Information about all these from Mr. M. R. Hull.

page 211 note 53 The coins are in West Thurrock Museum. Information from Mr. R. A. G. Carson, who will publish the hoard in Num. Chron.

page 211 note 54 Inventory of Herefords. (RCHM) II, 1932, 93 ff.Google Scholar, with map of site and references there given; Vict. Co. Hist. Herefords. I, 1908, 175 ff.Google Scholar; F. Haverfield, Archaeological Survey of Herefords. (Soc. of Antiqs. 1896).

page 212 note 55 It should be noted that an air-photograph showed in the middle of the north side of the defences a much wider ditch, c. 60–80 ft. across, and also that the milestone of Numerian (CIL VII, 1165) was found in the foundations of the north wall.

page 212 note 56 Information from Mr. Graham Webster, who directed the work for the Hereford and Malvern Archaeological Research Group on behalf of the Extra-Mural Department of Birmingham University. The report is published in the Woolhope Club Trans. XXXV, 138 ff.

page 212 note 57 Mott, R. J. K., ‘Letocetum’ (Wall) Excavations 1912 (North Staffordshire Field Club, 1915, 93).Google Scholar

page 212 note 58 For the Ministry of Works by Mr. Graham Webster, who sent the information.

page 212 note 59 Stewart and Lloyds, Market Overton, No. 5 Quarry, NG 908/170. Information from Miss S. A. Butcher for the Ministry of Works, cf. Vict. Co. Hist. Rutland I (1908), 89 f.Google Scholar, with map.

page 212 note 60 Information from Dr. David Smith. The site, Stewart and Lloyds, Market Overton, No. 6 Quarry, NG 899/178, was excavated in December by Mr. Greenfield for the Ministry of Works.

page 213 note 61 Information from Dr. Philip Corder, who with Mr. J. P. Gillam conducted the excavation by students from the Training School, as in previous years.

page 214 note 62 Information from Dr. David Smith.

page 214 note 63 Information from Mr. Charles Green, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works.

page 214 note 64 Vict. Co. Hist. Hunts. I (1926), 252 f.Google Scholar

page 214 note 65 Information from Mr. Michael Green, who excavated the bath. A summary is to appear in the Arch. News Letter VI, no. 4. For the hoard see M. Green, Proc. Cambr. Antiq. Soc., L, 85 ff.

page 214 note 66 This trial excavation was directed for the Manshead Archaeological Society by Mr. C. L. Matthews, who sent the information and the plan and sections.

page 214 note 67 Information from Mr. R. Lawson, who has directed the excavation for the Manshead Archaeological Society.

page 217 note 68 The excavation was carried out by the Merchant Taylors School Archaeological Society. The report, by A. R. Millard, is to be published in the Arch. Journ.

page 217 note 69 Report by B. F. Rawlins in ‘Bulletin No. 7 of the Watford and South-West Hertfordshire Archaeological Society’.

page 217 note 70 R. E. M. and T. V. Wheeler, Verulamium (Soc. Ant. Research Report no. 11, 1936, pl. CXIX).

page 217 note 71 By Dr. Norman Davey, of the Building Research Station. The restored plaster has been put on long loan to the British Museum by Lord Verulam.

page 217 note 72 For somewhat similar acanthus scroll-work with figures of men and animals in it, of style IV, in the portico of the Temple of Isis at Pompeii see Olga Elia, Pompeii (Mon. della pittura antica scoperti in Italia. Sez. III), fasc. III–IV, Le pitture del Tempio di Iside, p. 6, Tav. VI, VII, fig. 1, 5. It was found in 1764 (F. M. Avellino, Tempio di Iside (1851) Tav. VII, 1, 2) and part is now in Naples Museum. Miss Elia, o.c. p. 37, compares a similar frieze of ‘spirale orizzontale di acanto, zoofera, che costituisce una specie di cifra del sistema decorativo del pittore del Tempio di Iside’ in the Triclinium of the House of Siricus (cf. Spinazzola, , Le arti decorative in Pompei (Milan, 1928) p. 105)Google Scholar, and another in the Atrium of the House of the Tragic Poet. These are of mid-first century date. The first has also been compared with an acanthus scroll frieze found at Herculaneum and another, not illustrated, possibly from the Domus Aurea in Rome (then called the Palace or Baths of Titus), see Museo Borbonico IX (1833)Google Scholar, XXIV, and another scroll in Pompeii, VII (1831), LVII (hence Ainé, Roux, Herculaneum et Pompéi V (Paris, 1862), 61, pl. 31Google Scholar, and 1 (1861), 120, pl. 91). The scroll with masks, animals, and birds used by wall-painters of the later first century in Italy could easily still exist in the pattern-books fifty or so years later in the provinces. For birds other than pheasants, in foliage, see Gabriel, M. M., Livia's garden room at Prima Porta (New York, 1955)Google Scholar, now in the Museo Nazionale at Rome.

page 217 note 73 cf. the great drain in Lincoln. Arch. Journ. CIII, 36.

page 218 note 74 cf. the deep ditch found just outside the SE side of the Forum in 1953 (JRS XLVI, 135).

page 218 note 75 R. E. M. and T. V. Wheeler, o.c. 50 ff., pl. XVIII.

page 218 note 76 Information from the Excavator, S. S. Frere, and from his report in The Antiqs. Journ. XXXVII, 1 ff. For inscribed objects found see below, pp. 232 ff., nos. 23, 26, 34, 40.

page 219 note 77 Information, from Mr. R. A. G. Carson, who will publish the hoard in Num. Chron.

page 219 note 78 Information from Mr. John Holmes; cf. below, p. 227, no. 8, for a burial in gypsum.

page 220 note 79 Report and photographs sent by Mr. W. F. Grimes and Mrs. Audrey Williams, Director and Assistant Director to the Excavation Council.

page 220 note 80 Information and plan from the Guildhall Museum.

page 220 note 81 Information from Miss S. A. Butcher, who was excavating for the Ministry of Works.

page 221 note 82 The excavations have been conducted by Mrs. Clifford, who will publish a report in the Glos. Arch. Soc. Trans.

page 221 note 83 Information from Mr. Rahtz, who suggested that the medieval remains found here in 1918 may have succeeded the Roman site. cf. Bristol and Glos. Arch. Soc. Trans. XLI (1919), 163 ff.Google Scholar

page 221 note 84 Information from the observer, Mr. J. C. Brown, of the Department of Zoology, Bristol University.

page 221 note 85 Information from Mr. W. J. Wedlake.

page 221 note 86 Information from Mr. R. A. G. Carson, who will publish an account in the Num. Chron.

page 222 note 87 Information and photographs from Mr. H. S. Dewar, who carried out the excavation which will be published in the Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries. For other finds in the neighbourhood see Vict. Co. Hist. Som. I (1906), 329.Google Scholar

page 222 note 88 Information from Mr. L. Hayward, who directed the excavation for Yeovil School Archaeological Society.

page 222 note 89 Information from Lady (Aileen) Fox, who directed the excavation with Mr. W. Ravenhill, for Devon Arch. Explor. Soc.

page 222 note 90 Information from Mr. R. A. H. Farrar. No. 1 was excavated by Mr. N. H. Field, and no. 3 by Mr. A. L. Parke. Report in the Dorset Nat. Hist. and Arch. Soc. Proc. LXXVIII, 75.

page 222 note 91 On behalf of the Trustees of the British Museum by Professor I. A. Richmond, who sent the information.

page 222 note 92 Information from Mr. P. Rahtz, who directed the excavation for the Ministry of Works. See Wilts. Arch. Mag., LVI, 248.

page 223 note 93 Information from Mr. F. K. Annable, who with Miss I. E. Anthony directed the trial excavation for the Wilts. Arch, and Nat. Hist Soc. A report is published in the Wilts. Arch. Mag., LVI, 241 ff.

page 223 note 94 Information from Mrs. A. Ravetz, who excavated the building for the Ministry of Works.

page 223 note 95 Archaeologia XCII, 137–140; cf. ibid. LXII, 330.

page 223 note 96 Information from Mr. G. C. Boon, who with Mrs. Cotton directed the excavation for the Silchester Excavation Committee.

page 223 note 97 Information from Mr. F. Cottrill, who carried out the excavation for the Winchester Arch. Soc.

page 223 note 98 Information from S. S. Frere, who directed the work on the invitation of the owner, Capt. H. Tupper. For a plan see Winbolt, S. E. and Herbert, G., The Roman Villa at Bignor, Sussex (Oxford, 1930)Google Scholar.

page 224 note 99 Information from Mr. John A. Parsons, who directed the excavation for the Cray Antiquarians Association on land being developed by Chislehurst and Sidcup Council as a housing estate (4795/7118).

page 224 note 100 Information from the local press and Mrs. E. V. Piercy Fox. The site was watched by Miss Blumstein, of Maidstone Museum, for the Ministry of Works.

page 224 note 101 Information from Lt.-Col. G. W. Meates For plans see Arch. Cant. LXV, 78, fig. 18; LXVI, 32, fig. 8.

page 224 note 102 See Vict. Co. Hist. Kent III (1932), 90 ff.Google Scholar

page 225 note 103 Information from Mr. W. S. Penn, who carried out the excavation for the Gravesend Historical Society, and now on behalf of the Ministry of Works.

page 225 note 104 cf. JRS XLI, 139, fig. 23. Information from Mr. S. S. Frere.

page 225 note 105 Information from Mr. R. A. G. Carson, who will publish the hoard in Num. Chron. The coins are in Canterbury Museum.

page 226 note 106 cf. Déchelette, Vase Ornées II, 312, pl. V, 2; Ludovici, W., Katalog V (1927), 282Google Scholar, VSd; Oswald and Price, Terra Sigillata (1920) pl. LXXVII, 5, 6. It has been presented by A. W. Jan to the British Museum. Information from Mr. J. W. Brailsford, of the Sub-Department of Prehistory and Roman Britain, British Museum.

page 226 note 1 When measurements are quoted the width precedes the height.

page 226 note 2 It is said to have been found in Kingscote parish, four miles west-north-west of Tetbury, and by 1795 it was built into the barn of Calcot Farm, Newington Bagpath. To prevent further weathering Mr. A. D. Passmore, while replacing it by a replica, added the original to his collection and in 1955 presented it to the Ashmolean Museum, where it remains. Baddeley, , Bristol and Glos. AST XLVII (1925) with plateGoogle Scholar; Passmore ibid. LX (1938), 347, pl. IV; Lindley ibid. LXXIII (1954), 230; Ashmolean Museum Report (1955), 30, pl. IV, a; JRS XLVI (1956). 152.Google Scholar

page 226 note 3 Found during conservation by H.M. Ministry of Works; Mr. J. M. Lewis kindly sent a photograph and details. The stone is now in the National Museum of Wales; Mr. G. C. Boon kindly sent a squeeze.

page 226 note 4 EE VII, 848, Caerleon Cat. no. 6 with plate. PX[X]XIIS Collingwood; PXXXIS Nash-Williams.

page 227 note 5 Mr. L. Alcock kindly sent a photograph and full details. Alcock, Radnorshire Soc. Trans. XXVI (1936), 19, pls. II, IIIGoogle Scholar. Now in Llandrindod Wells Public Library.

page 227 note 6 Stukeley, Soc. Ant. London MS 265 f. 43, MS 264 f. 8. Professor I. A. Richmond kindly drew attention to this record.

page 227 note 7 The tower lies in the basement of Messrs. Charles Hart's shop at the junction of Market Street with Feasegate. Mr. I. M. Stead, who took charge of the excavation for H.M. Ministry of Works, kindly sent details.

page 227 note 8 Found with other burials, of which one was in an uninscribed leaden coffin. Mr. H. G. Ramm kindly sent full details. The coffin is now in the Yorkshire Museum; Mr. G. F. Willmot kindly supplied a photograph. At the right-hand end of the lid the intact portion at the back was deleted on the negative.

page 227 note 9 CIL VII, 246, Yorkshire Museum Cat. no. 41.

page 228 note 10 Mr. J. Brown has presented the coffin to the Yorkshire Museum, York. Mr. L. P. Wenham kindly sent full details and, aided by Professor E. Birley, a reading. Mr. H. G. Ramm, on request, kindly provided a squeeze. No other Roman find is known from this vicinity. While few bones could be recovered from the coffin, there were parts of four thigh bones which seemed to be too large to be female. If this estimate proves to be correct it shows that, as an interment for two men, this was secondary, and this is supported by the concealment in the ground of the primary text.

page 228 note 11 The mason has failed to differentiate the letters M and A. For the cognomen Wenham reads ; from the squeeze it seems to be MAMMIOLAE, a diminutive formed from the well-attested nomen Mammius.

page 228 note 12 CW2 LV (1955), 46.Google Scholar

page 228 note 13 CW2 XXX (1930), 106Google Scholar. After checking the original stone in the British Museum, in l. 7 the present writer accepts SVRINO; the tail of the letter R is present, though damaged. Collingwood's block for the Roman Inscriptions of Britain shows this damaged tail, but when he made a similar block for CW his addition of much shading eliminated it.

page 228 note 14 Professor E. Birley pointed out that Cox Magna Britannia, Cumberland (1720), 384, recorded this altar; see CW2 LVI (1956)Google Scholar, forthcoming.

page 229 note 15 For the site see Gillam, CW2 LIV (1954), 266.Google Scholar

page 229 note 16 Mr. N. Shaw kindly drew attention to it.

page 229 note 17 Professor E. Birley and Miss M. G. Simpson kindly sent notification.

page 229 note 18 In Chesters Museum; 1903 Cat. no. 146, 1926 Cat. no. 139.

page 229 note 19 Mr. C. Anderson kindly gave details.

page 229 note 20 CIL VII, 810. Horsley, Brit. Rom. 252, Cumb. II. Bruce, Lap. Sept. 349.

page 229 note 21 Professor E. Birley kindly suggested c(ohortis) I pr(aetoriae). C as the abbreviation of c(ohors) occurs on CIL VII, 302. For evocatus cohortis in the third century see CIL X, 538 (Salernum), CIL V, 543 (Tergeste), Mommsen EE V, p. 147. The title Maximiniana was applied to the barracks of the equites singulares (CIL XVI, no. 146) in A.D. 237, and to legio III Augusta (ILS 4194) and to a cohors Maurorum (ILS 2552); this is its sole occurrence in Britain. It dates the stone to A.D. 235–8.

page 229 note 22 The map reference is NT/027827. The stone is now in the National Museum of Antiquities, Edinburgh. Mr. R. B. K. Stevenson kindly sent details, and Dr. K. A. Steer sent a photograph and answered inquiries.

page 230 note 23 Richmond, and Crawford, Arch. XCIII (1949), 19Google Scholar; O.S. map of Roman Britain, ed. 3 (1956), p. 41.

page 230 note 24 Mr. H. Price, one of the earlier finders of the stone, saved it from destruction. When informed of it by Mr. A. Rees, Mr. T. Pennant Williams borrowed it for temporary study and kindly supplied full details, photographs, and a squeeze. Mr. G. Webster kindly sent notification and recognized it as a milestone of Severus Alexander.

page 230 note 25 CIL VII, 1164. NVM may now be conjectured from the reading N.VMNC of ‘Mr. Davies of Bangor’ (as R. Fenton recorded in his ‘Tours in Wales (1804–13)’, published as Cambrian Arch. Assoc. suppl. vol. (1917), p. 215).

page 230 note 26 Mr. D. A. Thompson found the first pig in ploughing and with Mr. H. W. W. Ashworth and Professor L. S. Palmer excavated the other three. The pigs are now on loan in Wells Museum. The site (grid ref. ST 576514) lies about 1,200 yards north of the cross-roads at Green Ore formed by the Bristol-Wells road and the Roman road which runs south-eastward from Charterhouse-on-Mendip; it is about 700 yards north-east of this Roman road. Despite the absence of habitation-material, many sherds have been found in this field; part of a bowl found in the pit has been dated to the period A.D. 60–80, and other sherds assigned to the third century. Grateful acknowledgments are due to Professor L. S. Palmer for the loan of his report, to Professor I. A. Richmond for taking measurements and making squeezes, and to Mr. H. E. Balch and Mr. G. Webster.

page 231 note 27 EE III, 121a, with JRS XXI (1931), 256 (Charter-house-on-Mendip)Google Scholar; PSA2 XXXI (1918), 37 (Bitterne)Google Scholar; ibid. (Bitterne).

page 231 note 28 Dessau ILS gives ten examples of this name in one or other of its spellings; the feminine name Trifosa at Bath (CIL VII, 53), presumably a variant of the Greek Tryphosa, supports Trifo as a variant of Trypho.

page 231 note 29 Triferna (CIL XV, 2467), Trifaustus (CIL XIII, 2830), Trifolius (P-W, s.v. ‘Trifolius’), Trypherus (CIL VI, 8588, ILS 1463; also two instances on Greek inscriptions).

page 231 note 30 On the pig of A.D. 60 from Stockbridge (CIL VII 1203, with Webster Flints. Hist. Soc. Publ. XIII (1952–3), 5). He reappears as the main text moulded on a pig found at Carmel, Flints. (JRS XLI (1952), 142Google Scholar, Webster l.c.).

page 231 note 31 CIL VII, 1215a, 1215b (four examples).

page 231 note 32 Prof. L. S. Palmer and H. W. W. Ashworth with an epigraphic note by the present writer, Som. Arch. Soc. forthcoming.

page 231 note 33 CIL VII, 1203, EE VII, 1120. When reweighed in 1952, it weighed 166 lb. or 230 librae. The value of the libra is here taken to be 11·55 oz. (avoirdupois).

page 231 note 34 PSA2 XXXI (1918), 37Google Scholar. The weight of the heavier pig recorded in 1918 as 178 lb. proved to be 174 lb. (or 241 librae) when weighed by the present writer in 1951. The incuse numbers are IIVI, presumably a mistake for VIII. The lighter pig, now lost, was stamped VIII and is recorded as having weighed 166 lb. (or 230 librae).

page 231 note 35 Miss D. Charlesworth found it in 1956 in sorting the material stored by H.M. Ministry of Works in Wall Museum, and kindly sent it for study.

page 232 note 36 Found by Master P. Marsden; on temporary loan to Guildhall Museum.

page 232 note 37 Mr. S. S. Frere kindly submitted it. For the site see Frere, Ant. Jour. XXXVII (1957), 14, pl. IV b.Google Scholar

page 232 note 38 Now in the British Museum. Found by the Axbridge Caving Group and Archaeological Society. Dr. D. B. Harden kindly lent his detailed report and photographs; see Harden Axbridge Caving Group Journal, forthcoming; see also JRS XLV, 140.

page 232 note 39 cf. Kisa Das Glas im Altertume III, 958, no. 205, CIL XIII, 10025, 211, or for the Greek in full, PIE ZESES, ibid. 959, no. 217, CIL XIII, 10025, 223.

page 232 note 40 For a close parallel with a hare-hunt he cites Landesmuseum, Bonn, no. 314; Lehner Führer durch die antike Abteilung, Bonn (ed. 2, 1924), 78, pl. XVII, 1; Bonner Jahrbücher LXIX, 50, pl. III.

page 232 note 41 Now in Salisbury Museum; Mr. H. de S. Shortt kindly submitted it. JRS XLV (1955), 142Google Scholar. Shortt Salisbury and South Wilts Museum Report (1954–5), II, pl. 1a. Professor I. A. Richmond kindly drew attention to the text on the base. Mr. Shortt kindly cited as an analogy an iron ‘knife with bronze handle 6 in. long … of which the blade terminates in a broad concave end’, which was found in 1861 in a stone coffin with other bathing implements at Urdingen, near Düsseldorf, and recorded in Arch. XLIII (1871), 255Google Scholar, pl. XXV, 3, which on p. 256 says that these antiquities were presented to the British Museum.

page 232 note 42 Mr. S. S. Frere kindly submitted it. Frere, Ant. Jour. XXXVII (1957), 14.Google Scholar

page 232 note 43 Now in the Castle Museum, Norwich; Mr. R. R. Clarke kindly sent full details and a squeeze.

page 233 note 44 CIL VII, 1223r; now in the Yorkshire Museum, York.

page 233 note 45 Now in the Grosvenor Museum; Mr. F. H. Thompson kindly sent details and squeezes.

page 233 note 46 Mr. I. D. Margary kindly gave notification, and Mrs. Eric Clarke kindly sent squeezes and rubbings.

page 233 note 47 The finds are in the Tolson Memorial Museum, Huddersfield; Mr. E. W. Aubrook kindly sent casts. For the types see I. A. Richmond, Huddersfield in Roman times (1925), 57–9, fig. 34.

page 233 note 48 Now in Gloucester Museum; Mr. J. N. Taylor and Miss M. Craster kindly sent it with details.

page 233 note 49 Mrs. Clifford, , JRS XLV (1955), 69.Google Scholar

page 233 note 50 Found by Master P. Marsden; on temporary loan to Guildhall Museum.

page 233 note 51 Mr. F. Jenkins kindly sent details and a rubbing; now in Dover Museum. For site 9 see Arch. Cant. LXIV (1951), 130, fig. 1.Google Scholar

page 233 note 52 Mr. S. S. Frere kindly submitted it.

page 233 note 53 Mr. R. L. Bellhouse kindly submitted it.

page 234 note 54 Now in Leicester City Museum; Mr. D.T-D. Clarke kindly submitted it. Clarke, , Leics. AST XXXII (1956), 90Google Scholar, fig. 4, reads FVIIR. Yet though the first letter seems to be F, it will not make praenomen; it seems preferable to read T, with the horizontal stroke duplicated.

page 234 note 55 Mr. D. F. Petch kindly sent the sherd. Now in the possession of Mr. H. O. Houldsworth, of 7 Sharphill Road, Edwalton, Nottingham. He found the platter on the south side of Lindfield Road at a point 70 yards north-west of its junction with Firsby Road.

page 234 note 56 Mr. G. Webster kindly submitted it from the Archaeological Research Group of Birmingham University.

page 234 note 57 Mr. G. Webster kindly sent details end submitted it.

page 234 note 58 Mr. S. S. Frere kindly submitted it.

page 234 note 59 Now in the possession of Mr. G. Ridsdill-Smith, of South Field, Hailey Lane, Hertford. Mr. J. Holmes kindly sent it for study.

page 234 note 60 Lieut.-Col. G. W. Meates kindly submitted it.

page 234 note 61 EE VII, 863; 49th Report of National Museum of Wales (1955–6), 46.

page 234 note 62 CIL VII, 150; EE VII, 859.

page 234 note 63 Presented by the late Mr. C. A. J. O. Silvertop; CIL VII, 638, EE IX, p. 588; EE VII, note to 981, IX, 1178; EE VII, note to 981, IX, 1180. For the Matres Bruce Lap. Sept. 230.

page 234 note 64 JRS XXVIII (1938), 199, nos. 3, 4, 5.Google Scholar

page 234 note 65 JRS XXXI (1941), 143, nos. 10, 13.Google Scholar