Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T09:52:17.573Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Origination, survivorship, and extinction of rudist taxa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 July 2015

Douglas S. Jones  and
David Nicol
Douglas S. Jones
Affiliation:
Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
David Nicol
Affiliation:
Box 14376, University Station, Gainesville, Florida 32604
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Rudists arose in the Late Jurassic and survived for nearly 100 m.y. before becoming extinct at the end of the Cretaceous. Over this interval they diversified gradually during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous, rapidly in the mid-Cretaceous, then more slowly in the Late Cretaceous. Total rates of origination and extinction during the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous were uniform and comparable to those reported for other groups. The Late Cretaceous, however, was characterized by high and widely fluctuating total origination and extinction rates. Per taxon rates reveal a similar pattern except for high and variable rates in the Jurassic. The number of genera increased from the Oxfordian to a peak in the Cenomanian, decreased in the Turonian and Coniacian coinciding with a minor mass extinction event, and rose to a zenith in the Maastrichtian. Unlike other groups investigated, the rudists were at their highest level of diversity immediately prior to their disappearance.

Rudist genera survived for a mean of 12 m.y., whereas families survived for a mean of 48 m.y. Survivorship curves for generic cohorts, based upon survival of all rudist genera that evolved during each stage, exhibit a concave shape when the effects of mass extinction and variance at low diversities are considered. Causal factors involved in the final disappearance of the rudists remain unclear; however, their tropical provinciality in the Late Cretaceous contributed to their vulnerability to mass extinction.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Paleontology , Volume 60 , Issue 1 , January 1986 , pp. 107 - 115
Copyright
Copyright © The Journal of Paleontology 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alvarez, L. W. et al. 1980. Extraterrestrial cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. Science, 208:1095–1108.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boucot, A. J. 1975. Evolution and Extinction Rate Controls. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 427 p.Google Scholar
Bretsky, P. W. 1973. Evolutionary patterns in the Paleozoic Bivalvia: documentation and some theoretical considerations. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84:2079–2096.Google Scholar
Bulman, O. M. B. 1955. Graptolithina with sections on Enteropneusta and Pterobranchia, p. V1–V101. In Moore, R. C. (ed)., Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part V, Graptolithina. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Clark, D. L. 1983. Extinction of conodonts. Journal of Paleontology, 57:652–661.Google Scholar
Coogan, A. H. 1969. Evolutionary trends in rudist hard parts, p. N766–N817. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Dechaseaux, C. 1969. Introduction, p. N749–N751. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Fischer, A. G. and Arthur, M. A. 1977. Secular variations in the pelagic realm, p. 19–50. In Cook, H. E. and Enos, P. (eds.), Deep-Water Carbonate Environments. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 25.Google Scholar
Foin, T. C., Valentine, J. W. and Ayala, F. J. 1975. Extinction of taxa and Van Valen's Law. Nature, 257:514–515.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gould, S. J. et al. 1977. The shape of evolution: a comparison of real and random clades. Paleobiology, 3:23–40.Google Scholar
Hallam, A. 1976. The Red Queen dethroned. Nature, 259:12–13.Google Scholar
Holman, E. W. 1983. Time scales and taxonomic survivorship. Paleobiology, 9:20–25.Google Scholar
Hsü, K. J. 1980. Terrestrial catastrophe caused by cometary impact at the end of Cretaceous. Nature, 285:201–203.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. 1973. Cretaceous Bivalvia, p. 353–383. In Hallam, A. (ed.), Atlas of Palaeobiogeography. Elsevier, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. 1979. The ecology and biogeography of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction event, p. 29–37. In Christensen, W. K. and Birkelund, T. (eds.), Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Events, II. Proceedings. University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Kauffman, E. G. and Sohl, N. F. 1974. Structure and evolution of Antillean Cretaceous rudist frameworks. Verhandlungen Naturforschende Gesellschaft, Basel, 84:399–467.Google Scholar
Lewin, R. 1983. Extinctions and the history of life. Science, 221:935–937.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Loeblich, A. R. Jr. and Tappan, H. 1964. Sarcodina, p. C511–C900. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part C, Protista 2, vol. 2. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
McCune, A. R. 1982. On the fallacy of constant extinction rates. Evolution, 36:610–614.Google Scholar
Moore, R. C. (ed.). 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Pt. O, Arthropoda 1, p. O1–O560. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. 1964. An essay on size of marine pelecypods. Journal of Paleontology, 38:968–974.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. 1984a. Changes in the hinge teeth of arcaceans from Devonian to Recent. Tulane Studies in Geology and Paleontology, 18:70–72.Google Scholar
Nicol, D. 1984b. Critique on Stenzel's book on the Ostracea. The Nautilus, 98:123–126.Google Scholar
Officer, C. B. and Drake, C. L. 1983. The Cretaceous-Tertiary transition. Science, 219:1383–1390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmer, A. R. 1983. The decade of North American geology 1983 geologic time scale. Geology, 11:503–504.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, B. F. 1969. Rudist morphology—shell size and shape, p. N751. In Moore, R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part N, Mollusca 6. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence.Google Scholar
Pojeta, J. Jr. and Runnegar, B. 1976. The paleontology of rostroconch mollusks and the early history of the phylum Mollusca. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 968, 88 p.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1975. Taxonomic survivorship curves and Van Valen's Law. Paleobiology, 1:82–96.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1978a. Approaches to the extinction problem. Journal of Paleontology, 52:517–523.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1978b. Cohort analysis of generic survivorship. Paleobiology, 4:1–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1981. Extinction: bad genes or bad luck? Acta Geologica Hispanica, 16:25–33.Google Scholar
Raup, D. M. 1982. Biogeographic extinction: a feasibility test, p. 277–281. In Silver, L. T. and Schultz, P. H. (eds.), Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth. Geological Society of America Special Paper 190.Google Scholar
Russell, D. A. 1982. The mass extinctions of the late Mesozoic. Scientific American, 246:58–65.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1975. Stratigraphic biases in the analysis of taxonomic survivorship. Paleobiology, 1:343–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1978. A kinetic model of Phanerozoic taxonomic diversity I. Analysis of marine orders. Paleobiology, 4:223–251.Google Scholar
Sepkoski, J. J. Jr. 1982. Mass extinctions in the Phanerozoic oceans: a review, p. 283–289. In Silver, L. T. and Schultz, P. H. (eds.), Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth. Geological Society of America Special Paper 190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, S. M. 1977. Trends, rates, and patterns of evolution in the Bivalvia, p. 209–250. In Hallam, A. (ed.), Patterns of Evolution as Illustrated by the Fossil Record, Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 5. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tappan, H. 1982. Extinction or survival: selectivity and causes of Phanerozoic crises, p. 265–276. In Silver, L. T. and Schultz, P. H. (eds.), Geological Implications of Impacts of Large Asteroids and Comets on the Earth. Geological Society of America Special Paper 190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Valen, L. 1973. A new evolutionary law. Evolutionary Theory, 1:1–30.Google Scholar
Ward, P. 1983. The extinction of the ammonites. Scientific American, 249:136–147.Google Scholar