Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T04:24:46.342Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dynamic Analysis and Preliminary Evaluation of a Spring-Loaded Upper Limb Exoskeleton for Resistance Training with Overload Prevention

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 December 2012

T.-M. Wu  and
D.-Z. Chen
T.-M. Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
D.-Z. Chen*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 10617, R.O.C.
*
*Corresponding author ([email protected])
Get access

Abstract

Resistance training has been shown to be effective for developing musculoskeletal strength and is recommended by many major health organizations, such as the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. This form of training is available for most populations, including adolescents, healthy adults, the elderly, and the clinical population. Resistance training equipment design relies heavily on the analysis of human movement. Dynamic models of human movement help researchers identify key forces, movements, and movement patterns that should be measured. An at-home resistance training upper limb exoskeleton has been designed with a three-degree-of-freedom shoulder joint and a one-degree-of-freedom elbow joint to allow movement of the upper limb at single and multiple joints in different planes. The exoskeleton can continuously increase the resistance as the spring length changes to train more muscle groups and to reduce the potential risk of muscle injury to the upper limb by free weights and training equipment. The objectives of this research were to develop a dynamic model of the spring-loaded upper limb exoskeleton and to evaluate this model by adopting an appropriate motion analysis system to verify our hypotheses and to determine the optimal configuration of a spring-loaded upper limb exoskeleton for further verification studies.

Keywords

ExoskeletonResistance trainingUpper limbMotion analysis
Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Mechanics , Volume 29 , Issue 1 , March 2013 , pp. 35 - 44
Copyright
Copyright © The Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, R.O.C. 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1. Kraemer, W. J. and Ratamess, N. A., “Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescription,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 36, pp. 674–688 (2004).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2. American College of Sports Medicine, “Position Stand: Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults,” Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 34, pp. 364–380 (2002).Google Scholar
3. Williams, M. A., Haskell, W. L., Ades, P. A., Amsterdam, E. A., Bittner, V., Franklin, B. A., Gulanick, M., Laing, S. T. and Stewart, K. J., “Resistance Exercise in Individuals with and Without Cardiovascular Disease: 2007 update,” Circulation, 116, pp. 572–584 (2007).Google Scholar
4. Taylor, N. F., Dodd, K. J. and Damiano, D. L., “Progressive Resistance Exercise in Physical Therapy: A Summary of Systematic Reiews,” Physical Therapy, 85, pp. 1208–1223 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5. Risser, W. L., “Weight-Training Injuries in Children and Adolescents,” American Family Physician, 44, pp. 2104–2110 (1991).Google Scholar
6. Kerr, Z. Y., Collins, C. L. and Comstock, R. D., “Epidemiology of Weight Training-Related Injuries Presenting to United States Emergency Departments, 1990 to 2007,” The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 38, pp. 765–771 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Lavallee, M. E. and Balam, T., “An Overview of Strength Training Injuries: Acute and Chronic,” Current Sports Medicine Report, 9, pp. 307–313 (2010).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Wu, T. M., Wang, S. Y. and Chen, D. Z., “Design of an Exoskeleton for Strengthening the Upper Limb Muscle for Overextension Injury Prevention,” Mechanism and Machine Theory, 46, pp. 1825–1839 (2011).Google Scholar
9. Buckley, M. A., Yardley, A., Johnson, G. R. and Carus, D. A., “Dynamics of the Upper Limb During Performance of the Tasks of Everyday Living-A Review of the Current Knowledge Base,” Proceedings of the IMechE, 210, pp. 241–247 (1996).Google Scholar
10. Myer, K., Biomedical Engineering and Design Handbook, 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York pp. 195–210 (2009).Google Scholar
11. Hollerbach, J. M. and Flash, T, “Dynamic Interactions Between Limb Segments During Planar Arm Movement,” Biological Cybernetics, 44, pp. 67–77 (1982).Google Scholar
12. Nef, T., Mihelj, M. and Riener, R., “ARMin: A Robot for Patient-Cooperative Arm Therapy,” Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing, 45, pp. 887–900 (2007).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13. Nagarsheth, H. J., Savsani, P. V. and Patel, M. A., “Modeling and Dynamics of Human Arm,” 4th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering, Washington, pp. 924–928 (2008).Google Scholar
14. Apkarian, J., Naumann, S. and Cairns, B., “A Three-Dimensional Kinematic and Dynamic Model of the Lower Limb,” Journal of Biomechanics, 22, pp. 143–155 (1989).Google Scholar
15. Requejo, P. S., Wahl, D. P., Bontrager, E. L., Newsam, C. J., Gronley, J. K., Mulroy, S. J. and Perry, J., “Upper Extremity Kinetics During Lofstrand Crutch-Assisted Gait,” Medical Engineering & Physics, 27, pp. 19–29 (2005).Google Scholar
16. Thomas, J. S., Corcos, D. M. and Hasan, Z., “Kinematic and Kinetic Constraints on Arm, Trunk, and Leg Segments in Target-Reaching Movement,” Journal of Neurophysiology, 93, pp. 352–364 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17. Shemmell, J., Corcos, D. M. and Hasan, Z., “Kinetic and Kinematic Adaptation to Anisotropic Load,” Experimental Brain Research, 192, pp. 1–8 (2009).Google Scholar
18. Nagano, A., Yoshioka, S., Komura, T., Himeno, R. and Fukashiro, S., “A Three-Dimensional Linked Segment Model of the Whole Human Body,” International Journal of Sport & Health Science, 3, pp. 311–325 (2005).Google Scholar
19. AbdulRahman, S. A., Rambely, A. S. and Ahmad, R. R., “A Biomechanical Model Via Kane's Equation–Solving Trunk Motion with Load Carriage,” American Journal of Scientific Industrial Research, 2, pp. 678–685 (2011).Google Scholar
20. Anglin, C. and Wyss, U. P., “Review of Arm Motion Analyses,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Part H; Journal of Engineering Medicine, 214, pp. 541–555 (2000).Google Scholar
21. Richards, J. G., “The Measurement of Human Motion: A Comparison of Commercially Available System,” Human Movement Science, 18, pp. 589–602 (1999).Google Scholar
22. Zhou, H. and Hu, H., “Human Motion Tracking for Rehabilitation-A Survey,” Biomedical Signal Process Control, 3, pp. 1–18 (2008).Google Scholar
23. Cappozzo, A., Croce, U. D., Leardini, A. and Chiari, L., “Human Movement Analysis Using Sterophotogrammetry Part 1: Theoretical Background,” Gait & Posture, 21, pp. 186–196 (2005).Google Scholar
24. Chiari, L., Croce, U. D., Leardini, A. and Cappozzo, A., “Human Movement Analysis Using Sterophotogrammetry Part 2: Instrumental Errors,” Gait & Posture, 21, pp. 197–211 (2005).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25. Leardini, A., Chiari, L., Croce, U. D. and Cappozzo, A., “Human Movement Analysis Using Sterophotogrammetry Part 3: Soft Tissue Artifact Assessment and Compensation,” Gait & Posture, 21, pp. 212–225 (2005).Google Scholar
26. Croce, U. D., Leardini, A., Chiari, L. and Cappozzo, A., “Human Movement Analysis Using Sterophotogrammetry Part 4: Assessment of Anatomical Landmark Misplacement and Its Effects on Joint Kinematics,” Gait & Posture, 21, pp. 226–237 (2005).Google Scholar
27. Schmidt, R., Disselhorst-Klug, C., Silny, J. and Rau, G., “A Marker-Based Measurement Procedure for Unconstrained Wrist and Elbow Motions,” Journal of Biomechanics, 32, pp. 615–621 (1999).Google Scholar
28. Biryukova, E. V., Roby-Brami, A., Frolov, A. A. and Mokhtari, M., “Kinematics of Human Arm Reconstructed From Spatial Tracking System Recordings,” Journal of Biomechanics, 33, pp. 985–995 (2000).Google Scholar
29. Prokopenko, R. A., Biryukova, E. V., Roby-Brami, A. and Frolov, A. A., “Assement of the Accuracy of a Human Arm Model with Seven Degrees of Freedom,” Journal of Biomechanics, 34, pp. 177–185 (2001).Google Scholar
30. Hingtgen, B., McGuire, J. R., Wang, M. and Harris, G. F., “An Upper Extremity Kinematic Model for Evaluation of Hemiparetic Stroke,” Journal of Biomechanics, 39, pp. 681–688 (2006).Google Scholar
31. http://www.vicon.com/Google Scholar
32. Romilly, D. P., Anglin, C., Gosine, R. G., Hershler, C. and Raschke, S. U., “A Functional Task Analysis and Motion Simulation for the Development of a Powered Upper-Limb Orthosis,” IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering, 2, pp. 119–129 (1994).Google Scholar
33. DeLeva, P., “Adjustments to Zatsiorsky-Seluyanov's Segment Inertia Parameters,” Journal of Biomechanics, 29, pp. 1223–1230 (1996).Google Scholar
34. The Stock Precision Engineered Components (SPEC), Associated Spring, [Online]. Available:http://springming.sobuy.com/ezfiles/spring-ming/img/img/61161/SPEC-04E.pdf.Google Scholar
35. Dumas, R., Aissaoui, R. and De Guise, J. A., “A 3D Generic Inverse Dynamic Method Using Wrench Notation and Quaternionalgebra,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 7, pp. 159–166 (2004).Google Scholar