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Evidence for glide and rotation defects observed in well-ordered graphite fibers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

M. Endo ,
K. Oshida ,
K. Kobori ,
K. Takeuchi ,
K. Takahashi  and
M.S. Dresselhaus
M. Endo
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
K. Oshida*
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
K. Kobori
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
K. Takeuchi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
K. Takahashi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, 500 Wakasato, Nagano 380, Japan
M.S. Dresselhaus
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
*
a)Permanent address: Department of Electronics and Computer Science, Nagano National College of Technology, 713 Tokuma, Nagano 381, Japan.

Abstract

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New structural features observed in heat-treated vapor-grown carbon fibers (VGCF's), produced by the thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon vapor, are reported using image analysis of the lattice plane structure observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The TEM lattice image of well-ordered graphite fibers (heat-treated VGCF's at 2800 °C) was treated by a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform, showing sharp bright spots associated with the 002 and 100 lattice planes. The heat-treated VGCF's consist of a polygonally shaped shell, and the long and short fringe structures in the TEM lattice image reflect the 002 and 100 lattice planes, respectively. From this analysis, new facts about the lattice structure are obtained visually and quantitatively. The 002 lattice planes remain and are highly parallel to each other along the fiber axis, maintaining a uniform interlayer spacing of 3.36 Å. The 100 lattice planes are observed to make several inclined angles with the 002 lattice planes relative to the plane normals, caused by the gliding of adjacent graphene layers. This work visually demonstrates coexistence of the graphitic stacking, as well as the gliding of the adjacent graphene layers, with a gliding angle of about 3–20°. These glide planes are one of the dominant stacking defects in heat-treated VGCF's. On the other hand, turbostratic structural evidence was suggested by AFM observations. The structural model of coexisting graphitic, glide, and turbostratic structures is proposed as a transitional stage to perfect three-dimensional stacking in the graphitization process. These structural features could also occur in common carbons and in carbon nanotubes.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 10 , Issue 6 , June 1995 , pp. 1461 - 1468
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

References

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