Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T22:54:55.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Electrodeposition of lithium phthalocyanine thin films: Part I. Structure and morphology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 January 2011

M. Brinkmann ,
S. Graff ,
C. Chaumont  and
J-J. André
M. Brinkmann*
Affiliation:
Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
S. Graff
Affiliation:
Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
C. Chaumont
Affiliation:
Institut de Physique et de Chimie des Mat’eriaux de Strasbourg, Groupe des Matériaux Inorganiques (GMI), 23 rue du Loess, 67037 Strasbourg Cedex, France
J-J. André
Affiliation:
Institut Charles Sadron, 6 rue Boussingault, 67083 Strasbourg Cedex, France
*
a)Address all correspondence to this author. Present address: ISM-CNR, 101 via Gobetti, 40129 Bologna, Italy. e-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

A new thin film synthesis route based on the electrochemical oxidation of PcLi2 and deposition of lithium phthalocyanine (PcLi) onto indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate is demonstrated. The effects on the thin film morphology of various parameters such as the electrolysis time, the nature of the solvent, and the oxidation potential are investigated. The thin film growth is studied via x-ray diffraction, potential step experiments, and ex situ scanning electron microscopy. Various morphologies of the x-form thin films are observed for different electrolysis times and solvents. Thin films grown in acetonitrile of thickness above 1 μm consist in unidirectionally oriented needle-shaped crystallites.

Type
Articles
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 14 , Issue 5 , May 1999 , pp. 2162 - 2172
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1.Leznoff, C. C. and Lever, A. B. P., in Phthalocyanines Properties and Applications (VCH Publishers, New York and Weinheim, 1989, 1993, 1994, and 1996), Vol. 1–4.Google Scholar
2.Turek, P., André, J-J., Giraudeau, A., and Simon, J., Chem. Phys. Lett. 134, 471 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
3.Turek, P., André, J-J., Simon, J., Even, R., Boudjema, B., Guillaud, G., and Maitrot, M., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 109, 5119 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Bensebaa, F. and André, J-J., J. Phys. Chem. 96, 5739 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Yakushi, K., Ida, T., Ugawa, A., Yamakado, H., Ishii, H., and Kuroda, H., J. Phys. Chem. 95, 7636 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Brinkmann, M., Chaumont, C., Wachtel, H., and André, J-J., Thin Solid Films 283, 97 (1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Brinkmann, M., Wittmann, J-C., Chaumont, C., and André, J-J., Thin Solid Films 292, 192 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
8. (a)Petit, M.A., Thami, T., and Even, R., J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 15 (1989);Google Scholar
(b)Sugimoto, H., Mori, M., Masuda, H., and Taga, T., J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 962 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.Moussavi, M. and De Cian, A., private communication (1993).Google Scholar
10.Wachtel, H., Wittmann, J-C., Lotz, B., Petit, M. A., and André, J-J., Thin Solid Films 250, 219 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Homborg, H. and ChrTeske, L., Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem. 45, 527 (1985).Google Scholar
12.Hoshi, H., Maruyama, Y., Masuda, H., and Inabe, T., J. Appl. Phys. 68, 1396 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13.Brinkmann, M., Turek, P., and André, J-J., Thin Solid Films 303, 107 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14.Piechocki, C. and Simon, J., Nouv. J. de Chim. 9, 159 (1985).Google Scholar
15.Brinkmann, M., Turek, P., and André, J-J., J. Mater. Chem. 8, 675 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16.André, J-J. and Brinkmann, M., Synth. Met. 90, 211 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17.Fleischmann, M. and Thirsk, H.R., in Advances in Electrochemistry and Electrochemical Engineering, edited by Delahay, P. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1963), Vol. 3.Google Scholar
18. (a)Ward, M.D., in Physical Electrochemistry, Principles, Methods and Applications, edited by Rubinstein, I. (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1985), p. 469;Google Scholar
(b)Ward, M. D., J. Electroanal. Chem. 273, 79 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Hillier, A.C. and Ward, M. D., Science 263, 1261 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
20.Awano, H., Lukkari, J., and Kankare, J., Synth. Met. 73, 165 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
21.Yamakado, H., Yakushi, K., Kosugi, N., Kuroda, H., Kawamoto, A., Tanaka, J., Sugano, T., Kinoshita, M., and Hino, S., Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 62, 2267 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22.Baker, S., Petty, M. C., Roberts, G. G., and Twigg, M. V., Thin Solid Films 99, 53 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23.Hoshi, H., Dann, A., and Maruyama, Y., J. Appl. Phys. 67, 1845 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24.Abyaneh, M.Y. and Fleischmann, M., J. Electroanal. Chem. 119, 187 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Schrifker, B. and Hills, G., Electrochimica Acta 28, 879 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Suito, E. and Uyeda, N., Kolloïd, . Z. Z. Polym. 193, 97 (1963).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
27.Iwatsu, F., Kobayashi, T., and Uyeda, N., J. Phys. Chem. 84, 3223 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28.Ohring, M., The Materials Science of Thin Films (Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1992), p. 213.Google Scholar
29. (a)Santerre, F., Côté, R., Lalande, G., Gastonguay, L., Guay, D., Dodelet, J. P., Weng, L. T., and Bertrand, P., J. Phys. Chem. 99, 17198 (1995);CrossRefGoogle Scholar
(b)Davey, R. J., Cardew, P. T., McEwan, D., and Sadler, D.E., J. Cryst. Growth 9, 648 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Brady, R.M. and Ball, R. C., Nature 309, 225 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31.Matsushita, M., Sano, M., Hayakawa, Y., Honjo, H., and Sawada, Y., Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 286 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32.Sawada, Y., Dougherty, A., and Gollub, J-P., Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 1260 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33.Livermore, C. and Wong, Pozen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 3847 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34.Fleury, V., Chazalviel, J-N., and Rosso, M., Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2492 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Brinkmann, M., Chaumont, C., and André, J-J., Thin Solid Films 324, 68 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36.Bensebaa, F., Petit, P., and André, J-J., Synth. Met. 52, 57 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar