Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T17:18:49.788Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Compressive behavior of materials: Part II. High performance fibers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Victor V. Kozey ,
Hao Jiang ,
Vinay R. Mehta  and
Satish Kumar
Victor V. Kozey
Affiliation:
School of Textile & Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295
Hao Jiang
Affiliation:
School of Textile & Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295
Vinay R. Mehta
Affiliation:
School of Textile & Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295
Satish Kumar
Affiliation:
School of Textile & Fiber Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0295
Get access

Abstract

The primary focus of this paper is on the axial compression behavior of high performance polymeric and carbon fibers. Seven test methods used for determining the compressive strength of single fibers have been reviewed. Various micromechanical models proposed in the literature to understand the compressive failure in single filaments and in other anisotropic systems have been discussed and analyzed. The results of various approaches to influence the compressive strength of polymeric fibers have been summarized. Possible reasons for the variation in the compressive strength of pitch and PAN-based carbon fibers have also been addressed.

Type
Commentaries and Reviews
Information
Journal of Materials Research , Volume 10 , Issue 4 , April 1995 , pp. 1044 - 1061
Copyright
Copyright © Materials Research Society 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

1Advanced Composite Materials: Products & Manufacturers, edited by DeRenzo, D.J. (Noyes Data Corp. Publ., Park Ridge, NJ, 1988).Google Scholar
2Kumar, S. and Helminiak, T. E., in Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), pp. 363–374.Google Scholar
3Kumar, S., in In. Encyclopedia of Composites, edited by Lee, S. M. (VCH Publishers, New York, 1990), Vol. 4, p. 51.Google Scholar
4Kozey, V. V. and Berlin, A. A., Paper No. 22-P from 3rd Japan–USSR Joint Symp. on Advanced Composites Materials, edited by Tovmasyan, Y.M. (ICP Publishers, Moscow, 1991).Google Scholar
5Smith, P. and Lemstra, P. J., J. Mater. Sci. 15, 505 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6Krigbaum, W. R., in Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology: Vol. Ill, High Technology Fibers–Part B, edited by Lewin, M. and Preston, J. (Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, 1989).Google Scholar
7Wilfong, R. E. and Zimmerman, J., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. Polym. Symp. 31, 1–19 (1977).Google Scholar
8Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989).Google Scholar
9Wolfe, J. F., Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, (1988), Vol. 11, p. 601.Google Scholar
10Fitzer, E., Carbon 27, 621 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Donnet, J. B. and Bansal, R. C., Carbon Fibers (Marcel Dekker Inc, New York, 1984).Google Scholar
12Fawaz, S. A., Palazotto, A. N., and Wang, C. S., in Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), pp. 381–388.Google Scholar
13Masturk, K. S., Eby, R. K., and Adams, W.W., Polymer 32, 1782–1789 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
14Sinclair, D., J. Appl. Phys. 21, 380–389 (1950).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15Greenwood, J. H. and Rose, P. G., J. Mater. Sci. 9, 1809–1815 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16Jones, W. R. and Johnson, J. W., Carbon 9, 645–651 (1971).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Bazhenov, S. L. and Kozey, V. V., J. Mater. Sci. 26, 6764–6771 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Furuyama, M., Higuchi, M., Kubomura, K., Sunago, Ft., Jiang, H., and Kumar, S., J. Mater. Sci. 28, 1611–1618 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19DeTeresa, S.J., AFWAL-TR-85–2 (1985).Google Scholar
20Fidan, S., M. S. Thesis, Air Force Institute of Technology, WPAFB, OH (1988).Google Scholar
21Vlattas, C. and Galiotis, C., Polymer 32, 1788–1795 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
22Melanitis, N. and Galiotis, C., J. Mater. Sci. 25, 5081–5089 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
23Hunsaker, M. E., Price, G. E., and Bai, S. J., Polymer 33, 2128–2133 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
24Mrse, A. M. and Piggott, M. R., in Proc. 35th Int. SAMPE Symp. (SAMPE Publ., Covina, CA, 1990), pp. 2236–2240.Google Scholar
25Hawthorne, H. M. and Teghtsoonian, P., J. Mater. Sci. 10, 41–51 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26Hahn, H. T., Sohi, M., and Moon, S., NASA Contractor Report 3988 (June 1986).Google Scholar
27Huh, W., Kumar, S., Helminiak, T. E., and Adams, W.W., in Proc. SPE Annual Techn. Conf. (1990), pp. 1245–1247.Google Scholar
28Drzal, L. T., AFWAL-TR-86–2 (1986).Google Scholar
29DeTeresa, S.J., Carbon 29, 397–405 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30Ohsawa, T., Miwa, M., Kawade, M., and Tsushima, E., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 39, 1733–1741 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Kelly, A. and Tyson, W. R., J. Mech. Phys. Solid 13, 329–336 (1965).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
32Boll, D. J., Jensen, R. M., Cordner, L., and Bascom, W., J. Comp. Mater. 24, 208–213 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
33Allen, S. R., J. Mater. Sci. 22, 853–860 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
34Jiang, H., Damodaran, S., Desai, P., Kumar, S., and Abhiraman, A. S., in Am. Chem. Soc. (ACS) Proc, Polym. Sci. & Eng. 64, 383–387 (1991).Google Scholar
35Dobb, M. G., Johnson, D. J., and Park, C. R., J. Mater. Sci. 25, 829–834 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
36Pytel, A. and Singer, L. L., Strength of Materials (Harper and Row, New York, 1987).Google Scholar
37Horgan, C. O., Int. J. Solid Struct. 10, 837–843 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38Bazhenov, S. L., Kozey, V. V., and Berlin, A. A., J. Mater. Sci. 24, 4509–4517 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39Kozey, V. V., J. Mater. Sci. Lett. 12, 48–54 (1993).Google Scholar
40Kozey, V. V. and Kumar, S., Part III, of this series (unpublished).Google Scholar
41Crasto, A. S. and Kim, R. J., in Proc. 36th Int. SAMPE Conf. (SAMPE Publ., Covina, CA, 1991), pp. 1649–1654.Google Scholar
42Nic, J., Yang, J., Hu, Z., and Zheng, Y., in Proc. 7th Int. Conf. on Compos. Mater. ICCM 7 (Pergamon Press, New York, 1989), Vol. 2, pp. 133–137.Google Scholar
43Panar, M., Avakian, P., Blume, R. C., Gardner, K. H., Gierke, T. G., and Yang, H.H., J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. 21, 1955–1962 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
44Johnson, D. J., in Carbon Fiber Filaments and Composites, edited by Figueiredo, G., Bernardo, C. A., Baker, R.T. K., and Huttinger, K.J. (Kluwer Academic Publ., Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1990), pp. 119–146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45Prandy, J. M. and Hahn, H. T., SAMPE Quart. 22, 47–52 (1991).Google Scholar
46Crasto, A. S. and Kumar, S., in Proc. 35th SAMPE Int. Symp., (SAMPE Publ., Covina, CA, 1990), pp. 318–324.Google Scholar
47Kozey, V. V., Ph.D. Dissertation, Polymers and Composites Program, Moscow Institute of Physics & Technology, Moscow (1990).Google Scholar
48Jiang, H., Eby, R. K., Adams, W. W., and Lenhart, G., in Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), pp. 341–350.Google Scholar
49Klunzinger, P. E., Ramirez, R. G., Thomas, D. A., and Eby, R. K., Am. Phys. Soc. Bull. 37, 508–512 (1992).Google Scholar
50Reynolds, W. N. and Sharp, J. V., Carbon 12, 103–112 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51Tashiro, K. and Kobayashi, M., Sen-I Gakkaishi 43, 78–82 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52Allen, S. R., AFWAL-TR-83–2-4065 (1983).Google Scholar
53Orowan, E., in Dislocations in Metals, edited by Cohen, M. (AIME, New York, 1954).Google Scholar
54Hess, J. B. and Barrett, C. S., Trans. AIME, J. Metals 185, 599–606 (1949).Google Scholar
55Hess, J. B. and Barrett, C. S., Trans. AIME, J. Metals 188, 1022–1029 (1950).Google Scholar
56Gilman, J. J., Trans. AIME, J. Metals 192, 621–629 (1954).Google Scholar
57Gilman, J. J., Trans. AIME, J. Metals 194, 206–214 (1955).Google Scholar
58Chaplin, C. R., J. Mater. Sci. 12, 347–353 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
59Guynn, E. G. and Bradley, W. L., J. Comp. Mater. 23, 479–488 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
60Evans, A. G. and Adler, N. F., Acta Metall. 26, 725–732 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
61Donath, F. A., Am. Sci. 58, 54–58 (1970).Google Scholar
62Wangaard, F. F., The Mechanical Properties of Wood (John Wiley, New York, 1950).Google Scholar
63Argon, A. S., in Treatise on Materials Science and Technology (Academic Press, New York, 1972), pp. 79–93.Google Scholar
64Zaukelies, D. A., J. Appl. Phys. 33, 2797–2804 (1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65Bowden, P. B. and Young, R. J., J. Mater. Sci. 9, 2034–2045 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66Mechanical Behavior of Materials, edited by McClintock, F. A. and Argon, A. S. (Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1966).Google Scholar
67Jahankhani, H. and Galiotis, C., in Interfaces in Polymer, Ceramic and Metal Matrix Composites, edited by Ishida, H. (Pergamon Press, New York, 1988), pp. 107–114.Google Scholar
68Van der Zwaag, S. and Kampschoer, G., in Integration of Fundamental Polym. Sci. & Techn. (Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1988), Vol. 2, pp. 545–551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69Van der Zwaag, S., Picker, S. J., and Van Sluijs, C. P., in Integration of Fundamental Polym. Sci. & Techn. (Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1989), Vol. 3, pp. 199–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
70Allen, S. R., Porter, R., and Farris, R., J. Mater. Sci. 20, 4588–4593 (1985).Google Scholar
71Santhosh, U., Dotrong, M. H., Song, H. H., Lee, C. Y-C., Am. Chem. Soc. (ACS) Proc, Polym. Sci. & Eng. 65, 40–47 (1991).Google Scholar
72Roche, E. J., Takahashi, T., and Thomas, E. L., ACS Symp. Fiber Diffraction Methods 141, 303–309 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73Sahafeyan, M. and Kumar, S., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. (1995, in press).Google Scholar
74DeTeresa, S.J. and Farris, R. J., in Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D.E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), pp. 375–380.Google Scholar
75Tarnopolskii, Y. M. and Kintsis, T. A., Static Methods of Testing Reinforced Plastics (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1985).Google Scholar
76Perov, B. V., Skudra, A. M., Mashinskaja, G. P., and Bulavs, F. J., in Proc. I USA-USSR Symp. on Composites, edited by Sih, G. S. and Tamuzs, V.P. (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1978), pp. 291–298.Google Scholar
77Lebedeva, O. P., Ph.D. Dissertation, Institute of Chemical Physics, Moscow (1989).Google Scholar
78Rosen, B. W., in Fiber Composite Materials (American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, 1964).Google Scholar
79Rabinovich, A. L., in Proc. of Moscow Inst. of Physics and Technology, edited by Petrov, V. (Oborongiz Publ., Moscow, N7, 1961).Google Scholar
80Budiansky, B., Computers & Structures 16, 3–12 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
81Kawabata, S., J. Textile Instit. 81, 432–439 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82Sweeny, W., J. Polym. Sci. Pt. A. 30, 1111–1119 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83Rakas, M. R., Farris, R. J., in Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA 1989), pp. 277–282.Google Scholar
84Hwang, C. R., Malone, M. F., Farris, R. J., Martin, D. C., and Thomas, E. L., in Materials Science and Engineering of Rigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), pp. 547–552.Google Scholar
85Mehta, V. R. and Kumar, S., J. Mater. Sci. 29, 3658–3664 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
86McGarry, F. J. and Moalli, J. E., SAMPE-Quart. 23, 35–40 (1992).Google Scholar
87McGarry, F.J. and Moalli, J.E., Polymer 32, 1816–1822 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
88Lapusta, Y. N., Mechanics of Composites 4, 739–742 (1990).Google Scholar
89Martin, D. C., WL-TR-91–2 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90Sanford, E. M. and Prilutski, G. M., in Polymer Based Molecular Composites, edited by Schaefer, D. W. and Mark, J. E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 171, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990), pp. 147–152.Google Scholar
91Uy, W. C. and Perusich, E. R., in Polymer Based Molecular Composites, edited by Schaever, D.W. and Mark, J.E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 171, Pittsburgh, PA, 1990), pp. 153–156.Google Scholar
92Robinson, I. M., Yeung, P. H. J., Galiotis, C., Young, R. J., and Batchelder, D. N., J. Mater. Sci. 21, 3440–3446 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
93Takahashi, T., Miura, M., and Sakurai, K., J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 28, 579–585 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
94Takahashi, T., Suzuki, K., and Sakurai, K., J. Macrom. Sci. Phys. B 30, 101–107 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
95Takahashi, T., Xiao, C.-F., and Sakurai, K., Sen-I Gakkaishi 47, 397–402 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
96(a) Bhattacharya, S., Chauh, H. H., Dotrong, M., Wei, K. H., Wang, C. S., Vezie, D., Day, A., and Adams, W. W., Am. Chem. Soc. (ACS) Proc, Polym. Sci. & Eng. 60, 512–519 (1989). (b) Dotrong, M. and Evers, R. C., Polym. Mater. Sci. & Engr. 60, 507 (1989).Google Scholar
97Wang, C. S., Burkett, J., Bhattacharya, S., Chauh, H. H., and Arnold, F. E., Am. Chem. Soc. Proc, Polym. Sci. & Eng. 60, 767–772 (1989).Google Scholar
98Chauh, H. H., Tsai, S. S., Wang, C. S., and Arnold, F. E., Am. Chem. Soc. Proc, Polym. Sci. & Eng. 60, 517–522 (1989).Google Scholar
99Dang, T. D., Tan, L. S., Wei, K. H., Chauh, H. H., and Arnold, F. E., Am. Chem. Soc. Proc, Polym. Sic. & Eng. 60, 424–428 (1989).Google Scholar
100Mehta, V. R. and Kumar, S., unpublished.Google Scholar
101Martin, D. C., Jiang, T., Rigney, J., Jones, M-C., Markoski, L., and Moore, J. S., Polymer Preprints (ACS) 34 (2), 720 (1993).Google Scholar
102Rickert, C., Neuenschwander, P., and Suter, U. W., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 195, 511 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
103Gloom, B., Rickert, C., Neuenschwander, P., and Suter, U. W., Macromol. Chem. Phys. 195, 525 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
104Hu, X., Polk, M. B., and Kumar, S., unpublished.Google Scholar
105Vezie, D., Ph.D. Thesis, MIT (1993).Google Scholar
106Kovar, R. F., Haghghat, R. R., Lusignea, R. W., in Materials Science and Engineering ofRigid-Rod Polymers, edited by Adams, W. W., Eby, R. K., and McLemore, D.E. (Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 134, Pittsburgh, PA, 1989), pp. 389–394.Google Scholar
107Gillie, J. K., Newsham, M., Nolan, S. J., Jear, V. S., and Bubeck, R. A., Am. Phys. Soc Bull. 38, 292 (1993).Google Scholar
108Kozey, V. V. and Kumar, S., J. Mater. Res. 9, 2717 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
109Dobb, M. G., Johnson, D. J., and Saville, B. P., Polymer 22, 960–965 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
110DeTeresa, S.J., Allen, S. R., Farris, R. J., and Porter, R. S., J. Mater. Sci. 19, 57–65 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
111Robertson, R. E., J. Polym. Sci. A-2 7, 1315–1322 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
112Martin, D. C. and Thomas, E. L., J. Mater. Sci. 26, 5171–5177 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
113Mehta, V. and Kumar, S., Am. Phys. Soc. Bull. 38, 280 (1993).Google Scholar
114Kubomura, K. and Tsuji, T., in Proc. 36 Int. SAMPE Conf. (SAMPE Publ., Covina, CA, 1991), pp. 1664–1670.Google Scholar
115Seldin, E. J., Carbon 4, 177–185 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
116Smith, W. H. and Leeds, D. H., in Modern Materials-Advances in Development and Applications, edited by Gonser, B.W. (Academic Press, New York, 1970), Vol. 7, pp. 166–174.Google Scholar
117Soule, D. E. and Nezbeda, C. W., J. Appl. Phys. 39, 5122–5131 (1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
118Blakslee, O. L., J. Appl. Phys. 41, 3373–3380 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
119Gillin, L. M. and Kelly, A., in Proc. of Int. Conf. on Electron Diffraction & Crystal Defects, (Melbourne, 1965), p. II L-4.Google Scholar
120Kumar, S., Anderson, P., and Crasto, A. S., J. Mater. Sci. 28, 423–439 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
121Doyne, T. A., Palazotto, A. N., Schuppe, T., Lee, C. Y.-C., and Wang, C. S., Am. Chem. Soc. (ACS) Proceedings, Polym. Sci. & Eng. 63, 982–987 (1990).Google Scholar
122Hayes, G. J., Edie, D. D., and Stephan, T., Abstract presented to Carbon Conf. in Buffalo, NY (1993).Google Scholar
123Hayes, G. J., Edie, D. D., and Kennedy, J. M., J. Mater. Sci. 28, 3247–3257 (1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
124Endo, M., J. Mater. Sci. 23, 598–603 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
125Park, C. R., Ph.D. Thesis, University of Leeds, UK (1990).Google Scholar
126Obert, L., in Fracture of Nonmetals and Composites, edited by Liebowitz, H. (Academic Press, New York, 1972), pp. 60–95.Google Scholar
127Fujita, K., Sawada, Y., and Nakanishi, Y., in Proc. 37th Int. SAMPE Symp. (SAMPE Publ. Covina, CA, 1992), pp. 593–605.Google Scholar
128Kumar, S., Mehta, V., Anderson, P., and Crasto, A. S., in Proc. of 37 It. SAMPE Symp. (SAMPE Publ., Covina, CA, 1992), pp. 967–976.Google Scholar
129Sumida, A., Ono, K., and Kawaru, Y., in Proc. 34th Int. SAMPE Symp. (SAMPE Publ., Covina, CA, 1989), pp. 2579–2585.Google Scholar
130Sinclair, J. H. and Chamis, C. C., in ASTM STP 808 (American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1983), pp. 155–169.Google Scholar
131Clark, R. K. and Lisagor, W. B., in ASTM STP 734 (American Society for Testing Materials, Philadelphia, PA, 1981), pp. 34–49.Google Scholar
132Crasto, A. S. and Kim, R. Y., in Proc. 22nd SAMPE Tech. Conf. (1990), pp. 264–272.Google Scholar