¹ CyborgNBV Mari, “Native Woman Josie Valadez Fraire Arrested for Burning Sage,” YouTube, July 3, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y76efILN0Tg. For more context, see “Charges Dropped against Indigenous Woman for Ancient Practice,” The Nation Report, August 1, 2016, http://www.thenationreport.org/charges-dropped-against-indigenous-woman-for-ancient-religious-practice/. See also Jonina Diele, “Activism in Denver: Get to Know Josie Valadez Fraire,” 303 Magazine, May 18, 2017.

² CyborgNBV Mari, “Native Woman Josie Valadex Fraire Arrested.” (The exchange is a little hard to make out. Perhaps he says “What do I do with this?” or “What are we doing with this?”)

³ McCrary, Charles, Sincerely Held: American Secularism and Its Believers (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2022)Google Scholar.

⁴ U.S. v. Seeger, 380 U.S. 163 (1965).

⁵ Sullivan, Winnifred Fallers, afterword to Religion, Law, USA, ed. Dubler, Joshua and Weiner, Isaac (New York: New York University Press, 2019), 283–88, at 287Google Scholar.

⁶ See, for example, Pandolfo, Stefania, Knot of the Soul: Madness, Psychoanalysis, Islam (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018)Google Scholar; Povinelli, Elizabeth A., Geontologies: A Requiem to Late Liberalism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2016)Google Scholar; Kohn, Eduardo, How Forests Think: Toward an Anthropology beyond the Human (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2013)Google Scholar; Mayanthi L. Fernando, “Supernatureculture,” Immanent Frame (blog), December 11, 2017, https://tif.ssrc.org/2017/12/11/supernatureculture/; Bennett, Gaymon, “Anima, Animism, Animate: Ethnography after Authenticity,” Techniques Journal 1 (2021)Google Scholar, https://techniquesjournal.com/app/uploads/2021/02/bennett-anima-animism-animate.pdf.

⁷ Crockford, Susannah, Ripples of the Universe: Spirituality in Sedona, Arizona (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021), 55CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For this practitioner, “the practices were inspired by nature, this was the source for both Native Americans and her, and so it was not an appropriation of Native practice but something suggested by the land itself.” Crockford, Ripples of the Universe, 55. For her, the land simply is sacred.

⁸ Crockford argues that “the way space is made sacred [by white spirituality practitioners] is part of the structural violence of settler colonialism . . . The sacred is easier to ‘feel’ when there are fewer other humans in it.” Crockford, Ripples of the Universe, 54.