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Transition to turbulence over 2D and 3D periodic large-scale roughnesses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 September 2016

A. M. Hamed ,
M. Sadowski ,
Z. Zhang  and
L. P. Chamorro
A. M. Hamed
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
M. Sadowski
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Z. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
L. P. Chamorro*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A laboratory investigation was performed to study distinctive features of the laminar-to-turbulent transition over distributed roughness characterized by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) periodic, low-order topographies at roughness Reynolds number $Re_{k}\approx 300$. Systematic experiments were performed using high-spatial-resolution planar particle image velocimetry (PIV) in a refractive-index-matching (RIM) channel, where the roughness covered the entire length of the test section. The results show that the flow over the 2D roughness becomes turbulent much sooner than its 3D counterpart ($Re_{x}=50\,000$ versus 120 000). This is attributed to the presence of a velocity inflection point resulting from flow separation within the troughs of the 2D roughness. In the transitional region, unsteady disturbances above the two roughnesses appear upstream of near-roughness disturbances. The above-roughness disturbances are associated with the inflection point in the vertically displaced boundary layer for the 2D case, and with the mean velocity deficit resulting from the interaction of the wakes of upstream elements for the 3D case. The near-roughness fluctuations are associated with the shear layer present behind the crests of both roughnesses. The transitional region is characterized by the interaction between above- and near-roughness disturbances, which merge, leading to a rapid vertical growth of the turbulent fluctuations.

JFM classification

Instability: Instability Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 804 , 10 October 2016 , R6
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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