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The dynamics of settling particles in vertical channel flows: gravity, lift and particle clusters

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 May 2021

Amir Esteghamatian Open the ORCID record for Amir Esteghamatian [Opens in a new window]  and
Tamer A. Zaki Open the ORCID record for Tamer A. Zaki [Opens in a new window]
Amir Esteghamatian
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218, USA
Tamer A. Zaki*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD21218, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The dynamics of settling finite-size particles in vertical channel flows of Newtonian and viscoelastic carrier fluids is examined using particle resolved simulations. Comparison with neutrally buoyant particles in the same configuration highlights the effect of settling. The particle volume fraction is $5\,\%$, and a gravity field acts counter to the flow direction. Despite a modest density ratio ($\rho _r = 1.15$), qualitative changes arise due to the relative velocity between the particle and fluid phases. While dense particles are homogeneously distributed in the core of the channel, the mean concentration profile peaks at approximately two particle diameters from the wall due to a competition between shear- and rotation-induced lift forces. These forces act in the cross-stream directions, and are analysed by evaluating conditional averages along individual particle trajectories. The correlation between the angular and translational velocities of the particles highlights the significance of the Magnus lift force in both the spanwise and wall-normal directions. The collective behaviour of the particles is also intriguing. Using a Voronoï analysis, strong clustering is identified in dense particles near the wall, which is shown to alter their streamwise velocities. This clustering is attributed to the preferential transport of aggregated particles towards the wall. The practical implication of the non-uniformity of particle distribution is a significant increase in drag. When the carrier fluid is viscoelastic, the particle migration is enhanced which leads to larger stresses, thus negating the capacity of viscoelasticity to reduce turbulent drag.

JFM classification

Non-Newtonian Flows: Polymers Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulence simulation
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 918 , 10 July 2021 , A33
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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