Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:36:50.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Excavations at Tell Brak 2006–2007

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 August 2014

Extract

Excavations at Tell Brak in 2006–7 explored two key episodes in Mesopotamian political and social history, developing early social complexity in the fifth to fourth millennia BC and the shift from territorial state to early empire in the second millennium BC. Late Chalcolithic complexity is represented in Area TW on the main mound and at the outlying sub-mound of Tell Majnuna, while investigation of the Old Babylonian to Mitanni state-to-empire transition involved excavation in Areas HH and HN (Fig. 1). Both sets of excavations tie into our exploration of larger issues of the creation and maturation of past urban landscapes, for which Tell Brak provides a great depth of data.

We would like once again to express our warmest gratitude to Dr Bassam Jamous, Director General of Antiquities and Museums, to Dr Michel Al-Maqdissi, Director of Excavations, to all their staff in Damascus, and to Sd Abdul Messih Baghdo, Director of the Antiquities Office in Hasseke, for their constant and friendly support. Financial support for the excavations was generously provided by the British School of Archaeology in Iraq, the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, Cambridge, the National Geographic Committee for Research and Exploration (2006), the Society of Antiquaries of London (2007), Newnham College, Cambridge and the University of Cambridge. We are extremely grateful to all those who have made this research possible.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Algaze, G. (ed.) 1990. Town and Country in South-Eastern Anatolia. Vol. 2. The Stratigraphic Sequence at Kurban Höyük. Chicago: Oriental Institute Publications.Google Scholar
Brothwell, D. R. 1981. Digging up Bones. London and Oxford: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Buikstra, J. E. and Ubelaker, D. H. (eds.) 1994. Standards of Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains. Fayetteville: Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series 44.Google Scholar
Campbell, S., Carter, E., Healey, E., Anderson, S., Kennedy, A. and Whitcher, S. 1999. Emerging Complexity on the Kahramanmaras. Plain, Turkey: The Domuztepe Project, 1995–1997. American Journal of Archaeology 103: 395418.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charles, M. 1998. Fodder from Dung: The Recognition and Interpretation of Dung Derived Plant Material from Archaeological Sites. Environmental Archaeology 1: 111–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Charles, M., Hald, M. M., Weber, J. and Wright, H. 2001. The Forecourt of the Niched Building (Tell Brak TW Level 18): Preliminary Note on an Interdisciplinary Study. In Emberling, G. and McDonald, H. (eds.). Excavations at Tell Brak 2000: Preliminary Report. Iraq 63: 2531.Google Scholar
Charles, M. and Hald, M. M. 2003. Crop Production and Use at Tell Brak in the Fourth Millennium BC. In Emberling, G. and McDonald, H., Excavations at Tell Brak 2001–2002: Preliminary Report. Iraq 65: 2632.Google Scholar
Cowgill, G. 2004. Origins and Development of Urbanism: Archaeological Perspectives. Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 525–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emberling, G. 2003. Urban Social Transformations and the Problem of the “First City”: New Research from Mesopotamia. In Smith, M. L. (ed.). The Social Construction of Ancient Cities: 254–68. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.Google Scholar
Emberling, G. and McDonald, H. 2003. Excavations at Tell Brak 2001–2002: Preliminary Report. Iraq 65: 176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Emberling, G., McDonald, H., Weber, J. and Wright, H. 2006. After the Empire?Domestic Economy and Craft Production in the Late Third Millennium BC in Area TC, Tell Brak, Northern Mesopotamia. Paper presented at ICAANE 5. Madrid.Google Scholar
Esin, U. 1994. The Functional Evidence of Seals. In Ferioli, P., Fiandra, E., Fissore, G. G., Frangipane, M. (eds.). Archives before Writing: 5981. Rome: Centro Internazionale di Ricerche Archeologiche, Antropologiche e Storiche.Google Scholar
Felli, C. 2003. Developing Complexity. Early to Mid Fourth Millennium Investigations: The Northern Middle Uruk Period, in Matthews, R. (ed.), Excavations at Brak. Vol. 4. Exploring an Upper Mesopotamian Regional Centre: 5394. Cambridge: McDonald Institute and British School of Archaeology in Iraq.Google Scholar
Ferioli, P. and Fiandra, E. 1983. Clay-Sealings from Arslantepe VIA: Administration and Bureaucracy. Origini 12/2: 455509.Google Scholar
Haglund, W. D. 1997. Dogs and Coyotes: Postmortem Involvement with Human Remains. In Haglund, W. D. and Sorg, M. H. (eds.). Forensic Taphonomy. The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains: 367–81. Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Hald, M. M. and Charles, M. forthcoming. Fourth millennium BC Charred Plant Remains from Tell Brak, in Oates, J. (ed.) Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 3. The fourth millennium BC.Google Scholar
Mallowan, M. E. L. 1936. Excavations at Chagar Bazar. Iraq 3: 186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marti, L. 2005. Les monuments funéraires-birûtu, in Durand, J.-M. (ed.). Le culte des pierres et les monuments commémoratifs en Syrie amorrite: 191200. Florilegium marianum 8. Mémoires de N.A.B.U. 9. Paris: SEPO.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. 2000. The View from Tell Brak, North-East Syria. In Marro, C. and Hauptmann, H. (eds.). Chronologies des pays du Caucase et de l'Euphrate aux IVe-IIIe millénaires: 6572. Istanbul and Paris: Boccard.Google Scholar
Matthews, R. (ed.) 2003. Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 4: Exploring an Upper Mesopotamian Regional Centre, 1994–1996. Cambridge: McDonald Institute and British School of Archaeology in Iraq.Google Scholar
McMahon, A., Colantoni, C. and Semple, M. 2005. British Excavations at Chagar Bazar, 2001–2. Iraq 67/2: 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, D. 1982. Excavations at Tell Brak 1978–81. Iraq 44: 187204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, D. and Oates, J. 1993. Excavations at Tell Brak 1992–93. Iraq 55: 155–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, J. 1993. Trade and Power in the Fifth and Fourth Millennia BC: New Evidence from Northern Mesopotamia. World Archaeology 24: 403–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, J. 2005. Archaeology in Mesopotamia: Digging Deeper at Tell Brak. Proceedings of the British Academy 131: 139.Google Scholar
Oates, J. and Oates, D. 1997. An Open Gate: Cities of the Fourth Millennium BC (Tell Brak 1997). Cambridge Archaeological Journal 7/2: 287–97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, J. and Oates, D. 2004. The Role of Exchange Relations in the Origins of Mesopotamian Civilization. In Cherry, J., Scarre, C. and Shennan, S. (eds.). Explaining Social Change (Studies in Honour of Colin Renfrew): 177–92. Cambridge: McDonald Institute Monograph.Google Scholar
Oates, J., McMahon, A., Karsgaard, P., al-Quntar, S. and Ur, J. 2007. Early Mesopotamian Urbanism: A New View from the North. Antiquity 81: 585600.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oates, D., Oates, J. and McDonald, H. 1997. Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 1. The Mitanni and Old Babylonian Periods. Cambridge: McDonald Institute and British School of Archaeology in Iraq.Google Scholar
Paine, R. R. 2000. If a Population Crashes in Prehistory, and there is no Paleodemographer there to Hear it, Does it Make a Sound? American Journal of Physical Anthropology 112: 181–90.3.0.CO;2-9>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, S. 1988. Animal Bone from Tell Rubeidheh. In Killick, R. G. (ed.). Exacavations at Tell Rubeidheh. Hamrin Salvage Project Report 7: 98135. Warminster.Google Scholar
Pearce, J. 2000. The Late Chalcolithic Sequence at Hacinebi Tepe, Turkey. In Marro, C. and Hauptmann, H. (eds.), Chronologies des pays du Caucase et de l'Euphrate aux IVe-IIIe Millénaires: 115–44. Istanbul and Paris: Boccard.Google Scholar
Pittman, H. 1999. Administrative Evidence from Hacinebi Tepe: An Essay on the Global and the Local. Paléorient 25: 4350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rothman, M. S. 2002. Tepe Gawra: The Evolution of a Small, Prehistoric Center in Northern Iraq. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Silver, I. A. 1969. The Ageing of Domestic Animals. In Brothwell, D. and Higgs, E. (eds.). Science in Archaeology: 283302. London.Google Scholar
Stein, G., Bernbeck, R., Coursey, C., McMahon, A., Miller, N., Misir, A., Nicola, J., Pittman, H., Pollock, S. and Wright, H. 1996. Uruk Colonies and Anatolian Communities. American Journal of Archaeology 100: 205–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tobler, A. 1950. Excavations at Tepe Gawra. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: American School of Oriental Research.Google Scholar
Trotter, M. and Gleser, G. C. 1952. Estimation of Stature from Long Bones of American Whites and Negroes. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 10: 463514.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ur, J. and Karsgaard, P. forthcoming. The Tell Brak Suburban Survey.Google Scholar
Ur, J., Karsgaard, P., Oates, J. 2007. Early Urban Development in the Near East. Science 317: 1188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waldron, H. A. 2001. Are Plague Pits of Particular Use to Palaeoepidemiologists? International Journal of Epidemiology 30: 104–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, J. 2002. A Preliminary Assessment of Akkadian and Post-Akkadian Animal Exploitation at Tell Brak. In Oates, D., Oates, J. and McDonald, H. (eds). Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 2. Nagar in the Third Millennium BC: 345–52. Cambridge: McDonald Institute and British School of Archaeology in Iraq.Google Scholar
Weber, J. 2003. Animal Processing in the Fourth Millennium BC at Tell Brak: Preliminary Results. Iraq 65: 22–6.Google Scholar
Weber, J. forthcoming. Patterns of Animal Production and Harvesting, and Communal Consumption Activities from the Fourth- to the Late-Third Millennium BC at Tell Brak, Syria. In Oates, J.Excavations at Tell Brak. Vol. 3.Google Scholar
Wright, H. T. and Rupley, E. 2001. Calibrated Radiocarbon Age Determinations. In Rothman, M. S. (ed.). Uruk Mesopotamia and its Neighbors: 85122. Santa Fe: SAR Press.Google Scholar