Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T17:58:29.004Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Using a Stable Isotope to Label Seeds and Seedlings of an Invasive Shrub, Lonicera maackii

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Steven M. Castellano  and
David L. Gorchov
Steven M. Castellano
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
David L. Gorchov*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Seed dispersal is a crucial process in most plant invasions, but is notoriously difficult to study. One technique to identify the maternal source of dispersed seeds and newly established seedlings is labeling with a stable isotope. We tested whether foliar application of 15N-labeled urea would result in sufficient 15N enrichment to discriminate among seeds and seedlings grown from those seeds of the invasive shrub Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle). We subjected mature L. maackii to all combinations of three concentrations of 15N-labeled urea (0.025 g L−1 [0.003 oz gal−1], 0.20 g L−1, and a 0 g L−1 control) and three temporal treatments (one application in August, one application in September, and five applications spaced every three weeks from June through August). Seeds were collected September to November; some of these were analyzed for %15N and others allowed to germinate and grow into seedlings under two treatments (in potting mix in greenhouse and in woodlot soil outdoors). Seedlings were harvested midway through the next growing season. We found that seeds from plants subjected to the three different concentrations had significantly different %15N levels, and there was a significant interaction between concentration and temporal treatment: the highest seed %15N levels were from plants sprayed five times with 15N-labeled urea, and the second highest from plants sprayed once in September. Similar patterns in %15N levels were found in seedlings, except that those from the 0.025 g L−1 spray treatment were only distinguishable from controls for seedlings grown outdoors in woodlot soil. These findings demonstrate that a single foliar application of 15N in early September is sufficient to label both seeds and seedlings of this invasive shrub, enabling one to identify the source of field-collected seeds or seedlings. This provides a tool for studying patterns and processes in seed dispersal of Amur honeysuckle and potentially other invasive plants.

Keywords

Amur honeysuckle, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) HerderAmur honeysucklefoliar spray15Nseed dispersalurea
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 6 , Issue 1 , March 2013 , pp. 112 - 117
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Allendorf, F. W. and Lundquist, L. L. 2003. Introduction: Population, evolution, and control of invasive species. Conserv. Biol. 17 :24–30.Google Scholar
Bartuszevige, A. M. and Gorchov, D. L. 2006. Avian dispersal of an invasive shrub. Biol. Invasions 8 :1013–1022.Google Scholar
Bartuszevige, A. M., Hughes, M. R., Bailer, A. J., and Gorchov, D. L. 2006. Weather related patterns of fruit abscission mask patterns of frugivory. Can. J. Bot. 84 :869–875.Google Scholar
Braun, E. L. 1961. The Woody Plants of Ohio. Columbus : Ohio State University Press. 362 p.Google Scholar
Carlo, T. A. and Norris, A. E. W. 2012. Direct nitrogen intake by petals. Oikos 121 :1953–1958.Google Scholar
Carlo, T. A., Tewksbury, J. J., and Martinez del Rio, C. 2009. A new method to track seed dispersal and recruitment using 15N isotope marking. Ecology 90 :3516–3525.Google Scholar
Castellano, S. M. and Boyce, R. L. 2007. Spatial patterns of Juniperus virginiana and Lonicera maackii on a road cut in Kentucky, USA. J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 134 :188–198.Google Scholar
Castellano, S. M. and Gorchov, D. L. 2010. Using 15N stable isotope to label Lonicera maackii (Amur honeysuckle) seeds: Linking seed to source. Pp. 20–21 in Conference Proceedings of the 2010 Ohio Invasive Plants Research Conference. Columbus, OH : Ohio Invasive Plants Council.Google Scholar
Castellano, S. M. and Gorchov, D. L. 2013. White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) disperse seeds of the invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Nat. Area J. 33 :78–80.Google Scholar
Cipollini, D., Stevenson, R., Enright, S., Eyles, A., and Bonello, P. 2008. Phenolic metabolites in leaves of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, and their potential phytotoxic and antiherbivore effects. J. Chem. Ecol. 34 :144–152.Google Scholar
Dietz, H. 2002. Plant invasion patches—reconstructing pattern and process by means of herb-chronology. Biol. Invasions 4 :211–222.Google Scholar
Dorning, M. and Cipollini, D. 2006. Leaf and root extracts of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, inhibit seed germination of three herbs with no auto toxic effects. Plant Ecol. 184 :287–296.Google Scholar
Edwards, P. K. and Leung, B. 2009. Re-evaluating eradication of nuisance species: invasion of the tunicate, Ciona intestinalis . Front. Ecol. Environ. 7 :326–332.Google Scholar
Gorchov, D. L. and Trisel, D. E. 2003. Competitive effects of the invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder (Caprifoliaceae), on the growth and survival of native tree seedlings. Plant Ecol. 166 :13–24.Google Scholar
Gould, A. M. and Gorchov, D. L. 2000. Effects of the exotic shrub Lonicera maackii on the survival and fecundity of three species of native annuals. Am. Midl. Nat. 144 :36–50.Google Scholar
Hartman, K. M. and McCarthy, B. C. 2004. Restoration of a forest understory after the removal of an invasive shrub, Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). Restor. Ecol. 12 :154–165.Google Scholar
Hartman, K. M. and McCarthy, B. C. 2008. Changes in forest structure and species composition following invasion by a non-indigenous shrub, Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii). J. Torrey Bot. Soc. 135 :245–259.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, T. F. and Vankat, J. L. 1997. Invasibility and effects of Amur honeysuckle in southwestern Ohio forests. Conserv. Biol. 11 :1117–1124.Google Scholar
Ingold, J. L. and Craycraft, M. J. 1983. Avian frugivory on honeysuckle (Lonicera) in southwestern Ohio in fall. Ohio J. Sci. 83 :256–258.Google Scholar
Luken, J. O. and Thieret, J. W. 1995. Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii; Caprifoliaceae): its ascent, decline, and fall. Sida 16 :479–503.Google Scholar
Luken, J. O. and Thieret, J. W. 1996. Amur honeysuckle, its fall from grace. BioScience 46 :18–24.Google Scholar
Luken, J. O., Tholemeier, T. C., Kuddes, L. M., and Kunkel, B. A. 1995. Performance, plasticity, and acclimation of the nonindigenous shrub Lonicera maackii (Caprifoliaceae) in contrasting light environments. Can. J. Bot. 73 :1953–1961.Google Scholar
Michener, R. and Lajtha, K., eds. 2007. Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science. Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. 566 p.Google Scholar
Miller, K. E. and Gorchov, D. L. 2004. The invasive shrub, Lonicera maackii, reduces growth and fecundity of perennial forest herbs. Oecologia 139 :359–375.Google Scholar
Moody, M. E. and Mack, R. N. 1988. Controlling the spread of plant invasions: the importance of nascent foci. J. Appl. Ecol. 25 :1009–1021.Google Scholar
Morales, J. M., Rivarola, M. D., Amico, G., and Carlo, T. A. 2012. Neighborhood effects on seed dispersal by frugivores: testing theory with a mistletoe–marsupial system in Patagonia. Ecology 93 :741–748.Google Scholar
Nathan, R. 2006. Long-distance dispersal of plants. Science 313 :786–788.Google Scholar
Nathan, R. and Muller-Landau, H. C. 2000. Spatial patterns of seed dispersal, their determinants and consequences for recruitment. Trends Ecol. Evol. 15 :278–284.Google Scholar
Pinheiro, J., Bates, D., DebRoy, S., and Sarkar, D. the R Development Core Team. 2012. Nlme: Linear and Nonlinear Mixed Effects Models. R package version 3.1–103.Google Scholar
R Development Core Team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. 2012. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria.Google Scholar
Rentsch, D., Schmidt, S., and Tegeder, M. 2007. Transporters for uptake and allocation of organic nitrogen compounds in plants. FEBS Letters 581 :2281–2289.Google Scholar
Richardson, D. M., Pyšek, P., Rejmánek, M., Barbour, M. G., Panetta, F. D., and West, C. J. 2000. Naturalization and invasion of alien plants: concepts and definitions. Divers. Distrib. 6 :93–107.Google Scholar
Schmidt, K. A. and Whelan, C. J. 1999. Effects of exotic Lonicera and Rhamnus on songbird nest predation. Conserv. Biol. 13 :1502–06.Google Scholar
Schmidt, O. and Scrimgeour, C. M. 2001. A simple urea leaf-feeding method for the production of 13C and 15N labeled plant material. Plant Soil 229 :197–202.Google Scholar
USDA, NRCS. 2008. Soil Survey Staff, Natural Resources Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Web Soil Survey. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov. Accessed March 29, 2010.Google Scholar
USDA, NRCS. 2012. The PLANTS Database. National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA. http://plants.usda.gov. Accessed June 6, 2012.Google Scholar
Wang, B. C. and Smith, T. B. 2002. Closing the seed dispersal loop. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17 :379–385.Google Scholar