Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T02:32:27.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Introduced North American Black Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) Populations are Biennial

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christa E. Fettig  and
Ruth A. Hufbauer
Christa E. Fettig*
Affiliation:
Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
Ruth A. Hufbauer
Affiliation:
Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Black henbane can be either annual or biennial. We investigated which life cycle is found in four introduced western North American populations. Plants were grown in a greenhouse common garden until half were vernalized by exposure to natural winter temperatures, while the other half remained in the greenhouse above 20 C, with 16 h of light and 8 h of dark. In total the plants were monitored 313 d after germination. We measured whether plants bolted, the time it took for bolting to commence, and the size at bolting. All vernalized plants bolted after 117 d of active growth (within 26 d of the end of the vernalization treatment), whereas only 26% of the nonvernalized plants bolted after an average of 278 d of active growth. Vernalized plants bolted at a smaller size than the nonvernalized plants that bolted (28 vs. 41 leaves on average). In the nonvernalized plants, the relationship between time to bolting and size was strong, but not so with the vernalized plants. Our results indicate that introduced black henbane plants are biennial, and that vernalization is more critical to bolting and flowering than reaching a certain size. Nonetheless, the fact that nonvernalized plants were capable of bolting if grown long enough suggests that vernalization is not the only cue that can trigger reproduction in introduced populations.

Keywords

Black henbane, Hyoscyamus niger L. HSYNIBiennialinvasionvernalization
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 7 , Issue 4 , December 2014 , pp. 624 - 630
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Albert, A, Anderson, JA (1984) On the existence of maximum-likelihood estimates in logistic-regression models. Biometrika 71:1–10 Google Scholar
Bagnall, DJ (1993) Light quality and vernalization interact in controlling late flowering in Arabidopsis ecotypes and mutants. Ann Bot (Lond) 71:75–83 Google Scholar
Baker, H. G. (1965) Characteristics and modes of origin of weeds. Pages 147–169 in Baker, HG, Stebbins, GL, eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species: Proceedings of the First International Union of Biological Sciences Symposia on General Biology. New York Academic Press Google Scholar
Bernier, G, Kinet, JM, Sachs, RM (1981) The Physiology of Flowering. Volume 1. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press Google Scholar
Boudry, P, Mccombie, H, Van Dijk, H (2002) Vernalization requirement of wild beet Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima: among population variation and its adaptive significance. J Ecol 90:693–703 Google Scholar
Cohen, AN, Carlton, JT (1998) Accelerating invasion rate in a highly invaded estuary. Science 279:555–558 Google Scholar
Correns, C (1904) Ein typischer spaltender Bastard zwischen einer einjährigen und einer zweijährigen Sippe des Hyoscyamus niger . Ber Dtsch Bot Ges 22:517–524 Google Scholar
Diomaiuto-Bonnand, J, Houivet, JY, Picard, C (1980) Vernalization and flowering in henbane (Hyoscyamus niger). Bull Soc Bot Fr 127:427–442 Google Scholar
Downs, RJ, Thomas, JF (1982) Phytochrome regulation of flowering in the long-day plant, Hyoscyamus niger . Plant Physiol 70:898–900 Google Scholar
Finnegan, EJ, Kovac, KA, Jaligot, E, Sheldon, CC, Peacock, WJ, Dennis, ES (2005) The downregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) expression in plants with low levels of DNA methylation and by vernalization occurs by distinct mechanisms. Plant J 44:420–432 Google Scholar
Johnson, MJ (2007) Genotype-by-environment interactions leads to variable selection on life-history strategy in Common Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis). Evol Biol 20:190–200 Google Scholar
Klinkhamer, PG, De Jong, TJ (1983) Is it profitable for biennials to live longer than two years? Ecol Model 20:223–232 Google Scholar
LaFantasie, JJ, Enloe, SF (2011) Competitive ability of black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger) when grown with three native grasses. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 4:159–165 Google Scholar
Lang, A (1986) Hyoscyamus niger . Pages 144–186 in Halevy, AH, ed. Handbook of Flowering. Volume 5. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press Google Scholar
Law, R, Bradshaw, AD, Putwain, PD (1977) Life-history variation in Poa annua . Evolution 31:233–246 Google Scholar
Levine, JM, D'Antonio, CM (2003) Forecasting biological invasions with increasing international trade. Conserv Biol 17:322–326 Google Scholar
Lewontin, RC (1965) Selection for colonizing ability. Pages 77–94 in Baker, HG, Stebbins, GL, eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species: Proceedings of the First International Union of Biological Sciences Symposia on General Biology. New York Academic Press Google Scholar
Littell, RC, Milliken, GA, Stroup, WW, Wolfinger, RD (1996) SAS System for Mixed Models. Cary, NC SAS Institute Google Scholar
Melchers, G (1937) Die Wirkung von Genen, tiefen Temperaturen und blühenden Pfropfpartnern auf die Blühreife von Hyoscyamus niger L. Biol Zentbl 57:568–614 Google Scholar
Michaels, SD, Amasino, RM (2000) Memories of winter: vernalization and the competence to flower. Plant Cell Environ 23:1145–1153 Google Scholar
Mitich, LW (1992) Black henbane. Weed Technol 6:489–491 Google Scholar
Parker, MW, Hendricks, SB, Borthwick, HA (1950) Action spectrum for the photoperiodic control of floral initiation of the long-day plant Hyoscyamus niger . Bot Gaz 111:242–252 Google Scholar
Pimm, SL (1991) The Balance of Nature? Ecological Issues in the Conservation of Species and Communities. Chicago, IL University of Chicago Press Google Scholar
Pysek, P, Sadlo, J, Mandak, B, Jarosik, V (2003) Czech alien flora and the historical pattern of its formation: what came first to Central Europe. Oecologia 135:122–130 Google Scholar
Quinn, JA (1969) Variability among High Plains populations of Panicum virgatum . Bull Torrey Bot Club 96:20–41 Google Scholar
Reinartz, JA (1981) Biomass partitioning, life history and population dynamics of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.). Ph.D Dissertation. Durham, NC Duke University. 178 pGoogle Scholar
Reinartz, JA (1984) Life history variation of common mullein (Verbascum thapsus): I. Latitudinal differences in population dynamics and timing of reproduction. J Ecol 72:897–912 Google Scholar
SAS (2011) SAS System for Windows, v. 9.3. Cary, NC SAS Institute Google Scholar
Schläppi, M (2011) Genetic and physiological analysis of biennialism in Hyoscyamus niger . Plant Biol 13:534–540 Google Scholar
Selleck, GW (1964) Ecology of black henbane in Saskatchewan. Weeds 12:148–150 Google Scholar
Sheldon, CC, Rouse, DT, Finnegan, EJ, Peacock, WJ, Dennis, ES (2000) The molecular basis of vernalization: the central role of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97:3753–3758 Google Scholar
Sol, D, Maspons, J, Vall-Llosera, M, Bartomeus, I, García-Peña, GE, Piñol, J, Freckleton, RP (2012) Unraveling the life history of successful invaders. Science 337:580–583 Google Scholar
Stearns, SC (1976) Life-history tactics: a review of the ideas. Q Rev Bio 3–47 Google Scholar
Sutherland, S (2004) What makes a weed a weed: life history traits of native and exotic plants in the USA. Oecologia 141:24–39 Google Scholar
Van der Meijden, E, Klinkhamer, PL, De Jong, TJ, Van Wijk, CM (1992) Meta-population dynamics of biennial plants: how to exploit temporary habitats. Acta Bot Neerl 41:249–270 Google Scholar
[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture (2014) PLANTS Database. http://plants.usda.gov/java/. Accessed June 1, 2014Google Scholar
[USDA-APHIS] U.S. Department of Agriculture (2014) Plants and Plant Products Permits. http://aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/resources/permits/. Accessed June 1, 2014Google Scholar
Wesselingh, RA, De Jong, TJ, Klinkhamer, PG, Van Dijk, MJ, Schlatmann, EG (1993) Geographical variation in threshold size for flowering in Cynoglossum officinale . Acta Bot Neerl 42:81–91 Google Scholar