Claims — Nationality of claims — Dual nationals — Claimant possessing nationality of the respondent State — Whether claim against respondent State precluded by claimant’s nationality — Theory of dominant and effective nationality — Hague Convention Concerning Certain Questions regarding the Conflict of Nationality Laws, 1930, Articles 4 and 5 — Iran-United States Claims Tribunal — Whether possessing jurisdiction over claims by persons having nationality of Iran and the United States — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981, Articles II and VII

International tribunals — Iran-United States Claims Tribunal — Nature and function of Tribunal — Whether inter-State tribunal — Whether claims brought before Tribunal in exercise of right of diplomatic protection — Direct access of individual to the Tribunal — Whether jurisdiction clause should always be construed narrowly

Nationality — Individuals — Dual nationality — Whether exceptional — Effect in international law — Circumstances in which nationality acquired — Dominant and effective nationality — Criteria for determining which nationality is dominant and effective

Treaties — Interpretation — Iran-United States Claims Settlement Declaration, 1981 — Principles of interpretation — Reference to general international law as aid to interpretation — Whether necessary to demonstrate “converging will” of parties to treaty to establish a particular interpretation — Whether jurisdiction clause to be construed narrowly

Relationship of international law and municipal law — Municipal law concepts in international law — Nationality and citizenship — Effect in international law — The law and practice of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal