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Class Consciousness in Oldham and other North-West Industrial Towns 1830–1850

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

D. S. Gadian
D. S. Gadian
Affiliation:
University of Lancaster
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Type
Communications
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 21 , Issue 1 , March 1978 , pp. 161 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1978

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References

1 Foster, J., Class struggle and the industrial revolution (1974).Google Scholar Also Musson, A. E., ‘Class struggle and the labour aristocracy 1830–1860’Google Scholar, and Foster, J., ‘Some comments on “Class struggle and the labour aristocracy’”, Social History, iii, (10. 1976), 335–66.Google Scholar

2 Bamford, S., Passages in the life of a radical (1843 Cass reprint 1967), p. 196.Google Scholar

3 Butterworth, E., Historical sketches of Oldham (Oldham, 1856), pp. 172, 251.Google Scholar

4 Foster, , Class struggle, pp. 51, 64.Google Scholar

5 Foster, J., ‘Nineteenth century towns: a class dimension’, The study of urban history, ed. Dyos, H. J. (1968), p. 285.Google Scholar

6 Foster, , ‘Some comments’, p. 357.Google Scholar

7 Foster, , Class struggle, pp. 1–2.Google Scholar

8 Ibid. pp. 1–2, 53, 59.

9 Butterworth diary, Dec. 1832, Oldham Local History Library.

10 Manchester and Salford Advertiser, 12 Jan. 1833.

11 Poor Man's Guardian, 5 Jan. 1833.

12 Butterworth diary, Dec. 1832, Aug. 1836.

13 The diary kept by Edwin Butterworth serves as the best source of information about Oldham's radical leaders: see also 1832 Oldham pollbook, Oldham L.H.L.

14 Grime, B., Memory sketches: history of Oldham parliamentary elections (Oldham, 1887), p. 100.Google Scholar

15 Butterworth diary, passim, also for Milne, June 1835.

16 Foster, , Class struggle, p. 137.Google Scholar

17 Butterworth diary, May 1832.

18 For the accusation against Taylor see Grime, , Memory sketches, p. 59.Google Scholar

19 Select committee on manufactures, commerce and shipping (Parl. Papers, 1833, vi), pp. 655–7.

20 Herald of the Rights of Industry, 1 Mar. 1834.

21 For examples of resolutions passed on this subject see Butterworth diary, July 1832.

22 For a description of Wood's reception see Butterworth diary, Dec. 1832.

23 Cobbett's Political Register, 29 Sep. 1832.

24 Butterworth diary, Oct. 1832, July 1832.

25 Cobbett's Political Register, 2 June 1832, 29 Sep. 1832.

26 Butterworth diary, Dec. 1832.

27 Butterworth, , Historical sketches, p. 247.Google Scholar

28 Butterworth diary, Apr. 1832, May 1832.

29 Ibid. Feb. 1833, March 1837.

30 For a good account of the achievements of Oldham radicals on this issue see Edsall, N. C., The anti-Poor Law movement 1834–1844 (Manchester, 1971), pp. 80–3.Google Scholar

31 Manchester and Salford Advertiser, 27 Jan. 1838.

32 Butterworth diary, Mar. 1835, Mar. 1833.

33 Manchester and Salford Advertiser, 23 July 1836.

34 Butterworth diary, Mar. 1833, Nov. 1837.

35 Cobbett's Political Register, 7 Dec. 1833; Herald of the Rights of Industry, 8 Feb. 1834.

36 Herald, 26 Apr. 1834.

37 Northern Star, 29 Sep. 1838, 27 Apr. 1839.

38 Ibid. 13 Oct. 1838.

39 Butterworth diary, May 1839. For O'Connor's version of events see Northern Star, 1 June 1839.

40 Butterworth diary, May 1839.

41 Northern Star, 27 Apr. 1839, 11 May 1839 for Mills' convention speeches; 21 Sept. 1839 for a report of his resignation.

42 Ibid. 24 Dec. 1841.

43 Foster, , ‘19th century towns’, p. 284.Google ScholarFoster, , Class struggle, ch iv.Google Scholar

44 Census occupational abstracts 1841 (Parl. Papers, 1844, xxxiii); Number of men employed by different types of employer 1851 (Parl. Papers, 1852–3, lxxxviii), part 2, pp. 654–6.

45 The cotton metropolis. First published in the Morning Chronicle, 1849–50, subsequently as a tract by W. R. Chambers (republished 1972 by Shipperbottom, Manchester), pp. 28–9.

46 Reach, A. B., Manchester and the textile districts in 1849, ed. Aspin, C. (reprinted Helmshore 1972), p. 80.Google Scholar

47 Oldham pollbook 1832, Oldham L.H.L. and County electoral register 1832, Lancashire C.R.O.

48 For a discussion of this relationship in Manchester, Birmingham and Leeds see Briggs, A., ‘The background of the parliamentary reform in three English cities 1830–1832’, Cambridge Historical Journal, x, 302, for this quotation.Google Scholar

49 Census (P.P., 1844, xxxiii).

50 A scrapbook of Rochdale elections, Rochdale L.H.L. For a good description of Crawford's election see Robertson, W., The social and political history of Rochdale (Rochdale, 1889), pp. 321–8.Google Scholar

51 Northern Star, 17 July 1841.

52 Ibid. 27 Nov. 1841, 13 July 1839.

53 Blackburn Standard, 10 July 1839.

54 Northern Star, 16 Oct. 1838.

55 Ernest Jones, Chartist (ed. by Saville, J. 1952), p. 36.Google Scholar

56 Northern Star, 3 Mar. 1842.

57 For a more detailed discussion of this whole subject see Gadian, D. S., ‘A comparative study of popular movements in north west industrial towns 1830–1850’, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Lancaster, 1976Google Scholar, passim, but particularly ch. 3.