¹ The proceedings are closed to outsiders; the reports and minutes of the discussion are published in the series Veröffentlichungen der Vereinigung der Deutschen Staatsrechtslehrer VVDStRL. More information on the association is available online at http://www.uni-wuerzburg.de/dreier/staatsrechtslehrer.Google Scholar

² Weiler, Joseph H.H., In Defence of the Status Quo: Europe's Constitutional Sonderweg, in European Constitutionalism Beyond the State 7 (Weiler, Joseph H.H./Wind, Marlene eds. 2003).Google Scholar

³ See for example Ingolf Pernice, Multilevel Constitutionalism and the Treaty of Amsterdam: European Constitution-Making Revisited?, 36 Common Market Law Review (CML Rev.) 703 (1999) who uses the term ‘multilevel constitutionalism’ to describe in English his concept of Verfassungsverbund presented at the 2000 meeting of the “senior” public lawyers in Leipzig, published as Ingolf Pernice, Europäisches und nationales Verfassungsrecht, 60 Veröffentlichungen der Vereinigung Deutscher Staatsrechtslehrer (VVDStRL) 148, 163-86 (2001). On the interaction of the different layers of government, see also Mayer, Franz, Kompetenzüberschreitung und Letztentscheidung (2000).Google Scholar

⁴ Grimm, Dieter, Does Europe Need a Constitution?, 1 European Law Journal (ELJ) 282 (1995).Google Scholar

⁵ Haack's thesis 6, published beforehand at http://www.assistententagung.de.Google Scholar

⁶ On various occasions, Dröge explicitly aligned himself with the writing of Dieter Grimm (note 4) in this respect.Google Scholar

⁷ See for his paper on “European and national identity: integration through constitutional law” Armin von Bogdandy, Europäische und nationale Identität: Integration durch Verfassungsrecht?, 62 Veröffentlichungen der Vereinigung Deutscher Staatsrechtslehrer (VVDStRL) 156-193 (2003); of course, we will have to wait for Dröge's written version to identify the exact degree of influence.Google Scholar

⁸ See Häberle, Peter, Verfassungslehre als Kulturwissenschaft (2^ND ed. 1998); for more, see Hoffmann“ Häberle and the World of the Constitutional State, 4 German Law Journal 61-69 (2003).Google Scholar

⁹ See among many Miguel Poiares Maduro, Europe and the Constitution: What if this Is as Good as It Gets?, in European Constitutionalism Beyond the State, 74-102 (Weiler, Joseph H.H./Wind, Marlene eds. 2003), Paul Craig, Constitutions, Constitutionalism, and the European Union, 7 European Law Journal 125-150 (2001), Ingolf Pernice (note 3), 155-163 and my contribution: Daniel Thym, European Constitutional Theory and the Post-Nice Process, in The Treaty Of Nice, Enlargement and Constitutional Reform 147-180 (Andenas, Mads/Usher, John eds. 2003). Of course, the written version of Krisch's contribution, which is not available yet, might shed more light on this question.Google Scholar

¹⁰ See, in this respect, also his contribution “American hegemony and the liberal revolution in international law”: Nico Krisch, Amerikanische Hegemonie und liberale Revolution im Völkerrecht, 43 Der Staat 267-297 (2004).Google Scholar

¹¹ See the influential collection of essays in Hobsbawn, Eric/Ranger, Terence (eds.): The Invention of Tradition (1983).Google Scholar

¹² In case one is in need of a graphic or digitalized reproduction of the European flag, possibly in combination with emotional settings such as children playing on the beach, one does not need to search long: the European Commission is happy to provide them free of charge at http://www.europa.eu.int/abc/symbols/emblem/index_de.htm.Google Scholar

¹³ http://www.lvbeethoven.com/Oeuvres/Music_OdeToJoy.html.Google Scholar

¹⁴ Art. I-8 ConstEU states that the anthem “shall be based” on this piece of music, which made Krausnick consider whether the Union's anthem is an instrumental version (probably the correct answer) or comprises also the lyrics, and if so whether only the original German language version shall be the authentic version (which would conflict with the Union's motto…).Google Scholar

¹⁵ But see the heavy critique of Europe's iconography by Haltern, Ulrich, Pathos and Patina: The Failure and Promise of Constitutionalism in the European Imagination, 9 European Law Journal 14, 30 (2003).Google Scholar

¹⁶ The preamble of the Charter of Fundamental Rights states in French, English and most other linguistic versions that Europe is conscious of its “spiritual and moral heritage” or “patrimoine spirituel et moral”, while – amongst others – the German and the Polish version include a direct reference to religion when mentioning Europe's “geistig-religiösen und sittlichen Erbe” or “duchowo-religijnego i moralnego dziedzictwa”.Google Scholar

¹⁷ It should be noted that the reference to the “common destiny” of the European citizens is no innovation of the Constitution, but did already feature in the Treaty establishing the European Coal and Steal Community of 18 April 1950, the legal “birth certificate” of European integration, which expired in July 2002 and stated in its preamble that it was resolved “to lay the foundations for institutions which will give direction to a destiny henceforward shared.“Google Scholar

¹⁸ On this aspect of European integration and its incorporation in the overall framework of European constitutionalism see Thym, Daniel, Ungleichzeitigkeit und europäisches Verfassungsrecht (2004) – online information at http://www.thym.de/daniel/ungleichzeitigkeit.Google Scholar

¹⁹ See the original proposal in a study mandated by the European Commission: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Legal Studies at the European University Institute, Draft Basic Treaty of the European Union (2000).Google Scholar

²⁰ See Häberle, Peter, Die offene Gesellschaft der Verfassungsinterpreten (1975), in Peter Häberle, Verfassung als öffentlicher Prozess 155 (3rd Ed. 1998).Google Scholar

²¹ Decision of 29 May 1974, Case BvL 52/71 Solange I, 37 BVerfGE 271 (for a English translation see 540 Common Market Law Reports [1974]) and Decision of 22 October 1986, Case 2 BvR 197/83 Solange II, 73 BVerfGE 339.Google Scholar

²² On the solange-jurisprudence, the Charter and the ECHR Daniel Thym, Charter of Fundamental Rights: Competition or Consistency of Human Rights Protection in Europe?, XI Finnish Yearbook of International Law 11-36 (2002).Google Scholar

²³ http://www.un.org/law/ilc/texts/treaties.htm.Google Scholar

²⁴ These Articles “provide guidance” for the interpretation of the CFR according to the preamble of the Constitution's part 2 and Art. 112(7) ConstEU.Google Scholar

²⁵ See Bundesverfassungsgericht, Judgement of 14 October 2004, Case 2 BvR 1481/04 – for the decision in German and English, go to: http://www.bverfg.de/entscheidungen/rs20041014_2bvr148104.html; it has also been published in Neue Juristische Wochenschrift 3407 (2004).Google Scholar

²⁶ On the integration of international law in the EC/EU legal order see ECJ, Case 181/73, Haegeman, 1974 ECR 449.Google Scholar

²⁷ The WISH is co-organized for Ph.D. candidates and young academics who have obtained their Ph.D. recently by the European Law Journal, the University Aix-Marseille III and the Colleague of Europe at Natolin in Aix-en-Provence. For its 2005 call for papers see http://pro.wanadoo.fr/ceric/colloques/RIJC/call2005.doc.Google Scholar