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⁹ See Mauro, F., ‘Les investissements françaises en Amerique Latine XIX–XX siecles’, in Lévy-Leboyer, M. (ed.), La position Internationale de la France. Aspects economiques et financiers XIX–XX siècles (Paris, 1977).Google Scholar

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¹² On Ansaldo and the Perrone brothers, see ibid.; Falchero, A. M., La Banca Italiatia di Sconto 1914–1921. Sette anni di guerra (Milan, 1990)Google Scholar; and Forsyth, D. J., The Crisis of Liberal Italy. Monetary and Financial Policy, 1914–1922 (Cambridge, 1993), pp. 254–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

¹³ See Historical Archives, Credito Italiano, Milan [hereafter HACI]: VCDA, 9 Mar. 1920 and 2 Jul. 1921.

¹⁴ See Italiano, Credito, 100 anni (Bologna, 1971).Google Scholar

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¹⁶ ibid.

¹⁷ See ibid., 6 Mar. 1920.

¹⁸ See Italian Central Archive, Rome: IRI rossa, 489.

¹⁹ See HABCI: VCDA, 23 Oct. 1926 and 1 Jun. 1927; and Contabilità, cartella 27.

²⁰ For BCI's interests in Poland, see Landau, Z. and Tomaszewski, J., ‘Foreign policy and international business in Poland, 1918–39’, in Teichova, A., Lévy-Leboyer, M. and Nussbaum, H. (eds), Multinational Enterprise in Historical Perspective (Cambridge, 1986).Google Scholar

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²² See Carocci, G., La politica estera dell'Italia fascista 1925–1928 (Bari, 1984), pp. 173–5.Google Scholar

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²⁴ See De Rosa, , di Roma, Banco, vol. 11, pp. 240–3.Google Scholar

²⁵ ibid., p. 180.

²⁶ See Historical Archive, Banca d'Italia, Rome: Rapporti con l'estero, bobina 16, fotogrammi 2222–66.

²⁷ See HABCI: VCDA, 27 Feb. 1919.

²⁸ See Phelps, C. W., The Foreign Expansion of American Banks (1st pub. 1927, reprinted New York, 1976), p. 198.Google Scholar

²⁹ In 1925 the Banco di Sicilia established the Bank of Sicily Trust Co. with its centre in New York. In 1930 the Banco di Napoli founded the Banco di Napoli Trust Co. also in New York.

³⁰ See di Quirico, R., ‘Financing Italian growth: Italian banks and the New York financial market during the inter-war period’, Economic and Business History (1998).Google Scholar

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³² See Quiroz, A. W., Domestic and Foreign Finance in Modern Peru, 1850–1950 (London, 1993), pp. 80–1.Google Scholar

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³⁴ See Regalsky, A. M., ‘La evolución de la banca privada nacional en Argentina (1880–1914). Una introducion a su estudio’, in Tedde, P. and Marichal, C. (eds), La formación de las bancos centrales en España γ America Latina (siglos XIX γ XX), vol. II, Suramerica γ el Caribe (Madrid, 1994).Google Scholar

³⁵ See Jones, G., British Multinational Banking, 1830–1990 (Oxford, 1993)Google Scholar; Joslin, D., A Century of Banking in Latin America (London, 1963)Google Scholar; and Baster, A. S. J., The International Banks (London, 1935).Google Scholar

³⁶ See Hertner, P., ‘German banks abroad before 1914’, in Jones, Banks as Multinationals.Google Scholar

³⁷ See Falchero, , La Banca Italiana di Sconto, pp. 165–8.Google Scholar

³⁸ See HACI: VCDA of the Banca Nazionale di Credito, 3 Jul. 1922, 23 Sep. 1922, 13 Oct. 1922 and 19 Feb. 1923.

³⁹ ibid., 15 Jan. 1923 and 23 Jun. 1926; and Historical Archives, Ufficio Italiano Cambi, Rome: VCDA, tornata n. 25, 20 Jan. 1922.