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Parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) competition with grain sorghum under arid conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 May 2020

Ali A. Bajwa Open the ORCID record for Ali A. Bajwa [Opens in a new window] ,
Ahmad Nawaz ,
Muhammad Farooq ,
Bhagirath S. Chauhan  and
Steve Adkins
Ali A. Bajwa*
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia NSW Department of Primary Industries, Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW2650, Australia
Ahmad Nawaz
Affiliation:
College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Layyah, Punjab31200, Pakistan
Muhammad Farooq
Affiliation:
Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, 123Muscat, Oman Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab38040, Pakistan The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA6009, Australia
Bhagirath S. Chauhan
Affiliation:
The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia
Steve Adkins
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD4343, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]
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Abstract

Parthenium weed is an invasive species in a growing number of countries where it infests numerous crop fields, including sorghum. Two field studies were conducted to quantify the effect of parthenium weed on the performance of grain sorghum at different weed densities (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 plants m−2) and durations of weed-crop competition (season-long weed-free, weed-free after 2, 4, 6 or 8 weeks, and season-long weedy). Our aim was to identify the density threshold and ideal duration to control parthenium weed in sorghum fields. Both field experiments were planned in a randomised complete block design each with three replications in 2016 and were repeated in 2017. Parthenium weed biomass increased significantly with increasing density and competition duration. The increasing parthenium weed density had a linear negative effect on sorghum growth, yield and yield-contributing traits. The highest yield loss, of up to 66%, was recorded at the highest parthenium weed density of 20 plants m−2 when compared to weed-free treatment. In addition, the season-long competition of this weed with sorghum caused 81% reduction in grain yield over weed-free treatment. According to our results, parthenium weed should be managed below a density of 5 plants m−2 and throughout the crop growth duration in grain sorghum fields as it can cause serious yield losses even at low densities and through strong competition at early as well as late growth stages of the crop.

Keywords

Parthenium hysterophorusSorghum bicolorWeed management
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 56 , Issue 3 , June 2020 , pp. 387 - 396
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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