The purpose of research was to study destructive and deficiency person's factors of patients with dysthymia. There were investigated 50 patients (basic group) and 50 healthy subjects (control group). We used clinical-psychopathological (SCL-90-R), experimental-psychological (ISTA Questionnaire, Buss&Durkee Aggression Questionnaire), statistical (descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U-test) methods. It was estimated that unconscious central ego-functions of patients with dysthymia get expressed destructive or deficiency character. Low aggression and comparatively high level of animosity are peculiar to the patients with dysthymia. In addition feeling of fault is expressed, perhaps, it connected, on the one part - with comparatively powerfully expressed insult and suspiciousness concerning other, and on the other part - with responsibility, high sense of duty, which are based on raised uneasiness, uncertainty, propensity to doubts, difficulty of decision making, sensitivity of person. Patients with dysthymia are characterized with insufficiently advanced ability of self-identification, inability to develop representations about own person, insufficiently flexible regulation of inherent activity, which is necessary for integration of mental life- on the one part, and expressed insult and suspiciousness - on the other part, they result to difficulties of interaction with people, emotional closeness, mistrust surroundings, self-doubt.