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Non-suicidal self-injury and impulsivity: Study of inibithory control in adolescent population

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2021

S. Pacifici ,
V. Baglioni ,
L. Cammisa ,
D. Guerrini ,
C. Mancini ,
G. Mirabella  and
A. Terrinoni
S. Pacifici*
Affiliation:
Department Of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, RM, Italy
V. Baglioni
Affiliation:
Department Of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, RM, Italy
L. Cammisa
Affiliation:
Department Of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, RM, Italy
D. Guerrini
Affiliation:
Department Of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, RM, Italy
C. Mancini
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical And Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
G. Mirabella
Affiliation:
Department Of Clinical And Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
A. Terrinoni
Affiliation:
Department Of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Section of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, RM, Italy
*
*Corresponding author.

Abstract

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Introduction

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a clinical condition defined as intentional, self-inflicted act causing pain or superficial damage without suicidal intents (12-35% of the adolescent community). Several findings show a high correlation between NSSI and impairments in the impulsivity control.

Objectives

The goal of our study is to evaluate the role of impulsivity in NSSI adolescents, relatively to the inhibitory control, in order to investigate if it can represent a neurocognitive risk factor underlying maladaptive behaviours and which psychopathological dimensions can be associated with this neurobiological process.

Methods

30 NNSI inpatients (age range: 12 to 18 years), drug-free, were compared with an age-matched control group, using two behavioural paradigms for the study of inhibitory control: the Stop Signal task and the emotive go/Nogo. Psychopathological traits were evaluated by self-report questionnaires for impulsivity dimensions, suicidality and self-injurious acts. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS program (p =0.05).

Results

NSSI patients did not present impairments in the global inhibitory control but they had longer movement times in both paradigms and faster reaction times in the Go/no-go behavioural paradigm. Therefore, NSSI patients tended to be impulsive at an early stage of movement (rapid TR) and have to slow down in a second phase (TM slow) in order to have time to rework the cognitive processes underlying movement.

Conclusions

The impulsivity dimension is a complex construct that involves multiple interconnected factors. The study of neuro-cognitive and psychopathological aspects and how they are interconnected is necessary to draw new perspectives on the etiopathogenesis of NNSI.

Keywords

NSSIadolescentimpulsivityinhibitory control
Type
Abstract
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 64 , Special Issue S1: Abstracts of the 29th European Congress of Psychiatry , April 2021 , pp. S205 - S206
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BY
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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