Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-29T18:15:20.108Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The fossil record of the planthopper family Achilidae, with particular reference to those in Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 January 2018

Alicja Magdalena Brysz  and
Jacek Szwedo
Alicja Magdalena Brysz
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, 59, Wita Stwosza Street, PL80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
Jacek Szwedo*
Affiliation:
Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, University of Gdańsk, 59, Wita Stwosza Street, PL80-308 Gdańsk, Poland. Emails: [email protected]; [email protected]
*
*Corresponding author
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The family Achilidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, commonly called planthoppers) is one of the least known and least understood groups, due to their cryptic lifestyle. They appear in the fossil record in the Lower Cretaceous, with a single genus and two species from the Crato Formation of Brazil. The oldest amber inclusion is reported from the earliest Late Cretaceous amber of Burma. Surprisingly, Achilidae are relatively common among the larger inclusions that can be found in Eocene Baltic amber. The first description of a fossil species was in the mid-19th Century. Currently, there are 13 genera and 16 species known from fossils, of which nine genera and 11 species are from Baltic amber. However, many of them need reconsideration, revisionary studies and placement in the phylogenetic context of the family. Former studies on inclusions in this amber revealed several unique forms (extinct tribes Ptychoptilini and Waghildini), or taxa ascribable to the sparse Recent tribe Achilini. This paper provides an overview of the knowledge of fossil Achilidae, particularly those from Baltic amber. The Eocene appears to be the heyday of the family; however, this hypothesis should be tested with further detailed studies.

Keywords

bugsdiversityEocenetaxa
Type
Articles
Information
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh , Volume 107 , Issue 2-3: Fossil Insects, Arthropods and Amber , June 2016 , pp. 279 - 288
Copyright
Copyright © The Royal Society of Edinburgh 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

5. References

Aleksandrova, G. N. & Zaporozhets, N. I. 2008. Palynological characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene sediments of the west of the Sambian Peninsula (the Kaliningrad Region), Part 2. Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation 16(5), 75–86.Google Scholar
Anufriev, G. A. & Emeljanov, A. F. 1988. Podotryad Cicadinea (Auchenorrhyncha) – tsikadovye. []. In Ler, P. A. (ed.) Opredelitel' nasekomych Dal'nego Vostoka SSSR [] 2, 12–495. Leningrad: Nauka. 972 pp.Google Scholar
Asche, M. 2015. The West Palaearctic Achilidae (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoroidea) – a review with description of five new species from the Mediterranean. Nova Supplementa Entomologica 25, 1–135.Google Scholar
Bartlett, C. R., O'Brien, L. B. & Wilson, S. W. 2014. A review of the planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea) of the United States. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 50, 1–287.Google Scholar
Bengston, P. 1988. Open nomenclature. Palaeontology 31 (1), 223–27.Google Scholar
Bogdasarov, M. A. 2010. Yantar i drugie iskopaemye smoly Evrazii: monografiya []. Brest: Brestskiï Gosudarstvennyï Universitet imenii Pushkina. 264 pp.Google Scholar
Bourgoin, T. 2017. FLOW (Fulgoromorpha Lists on The Web): a world knowledge base dedicated to Fulgoromorpha. Version 8, updated 22 November 2017. http://www.hemiptera-databases.org/flow/Google Scholar
Buckton, G. B. 1891. Monograph of the British Cicadae, or Tettigiidae, illustrated by more than four hundred coloured drawings, 2 (viii), 129–211; Pls. E–H, lxix–lxxiv.Google Scholar
Carpenter, F. M. 1992. Hexapoda. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part R, Arthropoda 4(3, 4). Boulder, Colorado & Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America & University of Kansas Press. 655 pp.Google Scholar
Clauer, N., Huggett, J. M. & Hillier, S. 2005. How reliable is the K–Ar glauconite chronometer? A case study of Eocene sediments from the Isle of Wight. Clay Minerals 40, 167–76.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1908. Descriptions and records of bees–XX. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 8(2), 323–34.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1910. Some insects in Baltic amber. Entomologist 43, 153–55.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1917. Insects in Burmese amber. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 10, 323–29.Google Scholar
Cockerell, T. D. A. 1922. Fossils arthropods in the British Museum. VII. Homoptera from the Gurney Bay, Isle of Wight. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, series 9(10) 157–61.Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. 1983. Nosatka iz mela Taïmyra (Insecta, Homoptera). Paleontologicheskiï Zhurnal 17(3), 79–85. [Published in English as: Emeljanov, A. F. 1983. Dictyopharidae from the Cretaceous deposits on the Taymyr peninsula (Insecta, Homoptera). Paleontological Journal 17(3), 77–82.]Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. 1990. Novy rod i triba semeïstva Achilidae (Homoptera, Cicadina) iz baltiïskogo yantarya []. Vestnik Zoologii 1, 6–10.Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. 1991. K voprosu ob obeme i podrazdeleniyakh sem. Achlidae (Homoptera, Cicadina). Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 70(2), 373–93. [Published in English as: Yemel'yanov, A. F. 1992. Toward the problem and limits and subdivisions of Achilidae (Homoptera, Cicadina). Entomological Review 71(1), 53–73.]Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. 1992. Opisanie trib podsem. Achilinae (Homoptera, Achilidae) i utochnenie ikh sostava. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 71(3), 574–94. [Published in English as: Yemel'yanov, A. F. 1993. Description of tribes of the subfamily Achilinae (Homoptera: Achilidae) and revision of their composition. Entomological Review 72(6), 7–27.]Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. 1994. Pervaya iskopaemaya nakhodka semeïstva Derbidae i pereopisanie paleogenovogo roda Hooleya Cockerell (Achilidae) (Insecta: Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Palontologicheskiï Zhurnal 1994(3), 76–82. [Published in English as: Emeljanov, A. F. 1994. The first find of fossil Derbidae and a redescription of Paleogene achilid Hooleya Cockerell (Insecta: Homoptera, Fulgoroidea). Paleontological Journal 28(3), 92–101.]Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. & Fletcher, M. J. 2004. Hemielissum evansi, a new genus and species of Breddiniolini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), being the first Australian record of the tribe, with a discussion of the taxonomic position of the Breddiniolini. Australian Journal of Entomology 43, 38–42.Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. & Shcherbakov, D. E. 2009. New planthoppers of the tribe Achilini (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Achilidae) from Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal 43(9), 1008–18.Google Scholar
Emeljanov, A. F. & Shcherbakov, D. E. 2011. A new genus and species of Dictyopharidae (Homoptera) from Rovno and Baltic amber based on nymphs. ZooKeys 130, 175–84.Google Scholar
Erichson, U. & Weitschat, W. 2008. Baltic amber. Ribnitz-Damgarten: Deutsches Bernsteinmuseum Ribnitz-Damgarten. 191 pp.Google Scholar
Fennah, R. G. 1950. A generic revision of the Achilidae (Homoptera: Fulgoroidea) with descriptions of new species. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology 1, 1–170.Google Scholar
Fieber, F. X. 1866. Neue Gattungen und Arten in Homoptern (Cicadina Bur.). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 16, 497–516.Google Scholar
Fletcher, T. B. 1920. Indian fossil insects. Report of the Proceedings of the Third Entomological Meeting, Pusa, 1919 3, 983–90.Google Scholar
Germar, E. F. & Berendt, G. C. 1856. Die im Bernstein befindlichen Hemipteren und Orthopteren der Vorwelt. In Berendt, G. C. (ed.) Die im Bernstein befindlichen organischen Reste der Vorwelt gesammelt in Verbindung mit Mehrenen, bearbeitet und herausgegeben 2(1), 1–40, Plates I-II. Berlin: G. C. Berendt. ii+125 pp + 8 plates.Google Scholar
Grimaldi, D. A. & Ross, A. J. 2017. Extraordinary Lagerstätten in Amber, with particular reference to the Cretaceous of Burma. In Fraser, N. C. & Sues, H.-D. (eds) Terrestrial Conservation Lagerstätten: Windows into the Evolution of Life on Land, 287–342. Edinburgh: Dunedin Academic Press Ltd. 450 pp.Google Scholar
Gröhn, C. 2015. Einschlüsse im Baltischen Bernstein. Kiel/Hamburg: Wachholz Verlag – Murmann Publishers. 424 pp.Google Scholar
Hamilton, K. G. A. 1990. Chapter 6. Homoptera. In Grimaldi, D. A. (ed.) Insects from the Santana Formation, lower Cretaceous, of Brazil. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 195, 82–122.Google Scholar
Hamilton, K. G. A. 1992. Lower Cretaceous Homoptera from the Koonwarra fossil bed in Australia with a new superfamily and synopsis of Mesozoic Homoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 85, 423–30.Google Scholar
Handlirsch, A. 1906–1908. Die fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der rezenten Formen. Ein Handbuch für Paläontologen und Zoologen. Leipzig: Engelmann. 1640 pp.Google Scholar
Holt, B. G., Lessard, J.-P., Borregaard, M. K., Fritz, S. A., Araujo, M. B., Dimitrov, D., Fabre, P.-H., Graham, C. H., Graves, G. R., Jønsson, K. A., Nogues-Bravo, D., Wang, Z., Whittaker, R. J., Fjeldsa, J. & Rahbek, C. 2013. An update of Wallace's zoogeographic regions of the World. Science 339, 74–78.Google Scholar
Keilbach, R. 1982. Bibliografie und Liste der Arten tierischer Einschlüss in fosilien harzen sowie ihrer Aufbewahrungsorte. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Neue Folge 29, 129–286.Google Scholar
Latreille, P. A. 1807. Sectio secunda. Familia quarta. Cicadariae. Cicadaires. In Genera crustaceorum et insectorum: secundum ordinem natrualem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata 3, 1–258. Paris: Amand Koenig.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, F., Bourgoin, T. & Nel, A. 2007. New Cixiidae and Achilidae fossils from Middle Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 43(1), 37–43.Google Scholar
Lewis, S. E. 1990a. Bibliographic data on insects from Tertiary amber deposits of Burma, India, Indonesia/Philippine Islands, and Korea. Occasional Papers in Paleobiology, St. Cloud State University 4(4), 1–12.Google Scholar
Lewis, S. E. 1990b. Bibliographic data on insects from Cenozoic Baltic amber deposits of Europe. Occasional Papers in Paleobiology, St. Cloud State University 4(7), 1–60.Google Scholar
Lewis, S. E. & Hikes, P. M. 1991. A catalogue of fossil insect sites from the Tertiary of the United States. Occasional Papers in Paleobiology, St. Cloud State University 5(1), 1–478.Google Scholar
Martill, D. M., Bechly, G. & Loveridge, R. F. (eds) 2007. The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil, Window to an Ancient World. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 625 pp.Google Scholar
Matthews, S. C. 1973. Notes on open nomenclature and on synonymy lists. Palaeontology 16(4), 713-19.Google Scholar
Matuszewska, A. 2010. [Amber (succinite), other fossil, subfossil and modern resins.] Katowice: University of Silesia, Oficyna Wydawnicza WW. [In Polish.]Google Scholar
Metcalf, Z. P. 1948. General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Fascicle IV, Fulgoroidea, Part 10 Achilidae. Northampton, Massachusetts: Smith College. 85 pp.Google Scholar
Metcalf, Z. P. & Wade, V. 1966. A Catalogue of the fossil Homoptera (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). General Catalogue of the Homoptera. A Supplement to Fascicle I. Membracidae of the General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Contribution from the Entomology Department, North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. Paper Nr. 2049, Raleigh, NC, USA: North Carolina State University at Raleigh. v+245 pp.Google Scholar
Meyer, H. W. 2003. The fossils of Florissant. Washington: Smithsonian Books. 258 pp.Google Scholar
Muir, F. A. G. 1923a. Achilixius, a new genus, constituting a new family of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Philippine Journal of Science 22, 483–87.Google Scholar
Muir, F. A. G. 1923b. On the classification of the Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 5, 205–47.Google Scholar
Muir, F. A. G. 1925. On the genera of Cixiidae, Meenoplidae and Kinnaridae (Fulgoroidea, Homoptera). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 1: 97–110.Google Scholar
Nagel, P. 1987. Fossil ant nest beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae). Entomologische Arbeiten aus dem Museum G. Frey 35/36, 137–70.Google Scholar
Neave, S. A. 1950. Nomenclator zoologicus (1936–1945) 5, 1–308.Google Scholar
O'Brien, L. B. 1971. Systematics of the tribe Plectoderini (Insecta, Fulgoroidea, Achilidae) in America North of Mexico. University of California Publications in Entomology 64, 1–79.Google Scholar
O'Brien, L. B. 2002. The wild wonderful world of Fulgoromorpha. In Holzinger, W. (ed.) Zikaden – Leafhoppers, Planthoppers and Cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Denisia 04, zugleich Kataloge des OÖ. Landesmuseums, Linz, Neue Folge Nr. 176, 83–102.Google Scholar
O'Brien, L. B. & Wilson, S. W. 1985. Planthopper Systematics and External Morphology. In Nault, L. R. & Rodriguez, J. G. (eds) The Leafhoppers and Planthoppers, 61–102. New York: John Wiley & Sons. 500 pp.Google Scholar
Perkovsky, E. E., Rasnitsyn, A. P., Vlaskin, A. P. & Taraschuk, M. V. 2007. A comparative analysis of the Baltic and Rovno amber arthropod faunas: representative samples. African Invertebrates 48, 229–45.Google Scholar
Poinar, G. O. Jr. 1992. Life in Amber. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. xiii+350 pp.Google Scholar
Ritzkowski, S. 1997. K-Ar-Altersbestimmungen der bernsteinführenden Sedimente des Samlandes (Paläogen, bezirk Kaliningrad). Metalla (Sonderheft) 66, 19–23.Google Scholar
Ritzkowski, S. 1999. Das geologische Alter der Bernsteinführenden Sedimente in Sambia (Bezirk Kaliningrad), bei Bitterfeld (Sachsen-Anhalt) und bei Helmstedt (SE-Niedersachsen). In Kosmowska-Ceranowicz, B. & Paner, H. (eds) Investigations into amber: Proceedings of the International Interdisciplinary Symposium Baltic Amber and Other Fossil Resins, 997 Urbs Gyddanyzc – 1997 Gdańsk, 2–6 September 1997, Gdańsk, 33–40. Gdańsk: The Archaeological Museum. 285 pp.Google Scholar
Rodeck, H. G. 1938. Type specimens of fossils in the University of Colorado Museum. University of Colorado Studies, Boulder 25, 281–304.Google Scholar
Ross, A. J., Mellish, C., York, P. & Crighton, B. 2010. Burmese Amber. In Penney, D. (ed.) Biodiversity of Fossils in Amber from the Major World Deposits. 208–35. Manchester: Siri Scientific Press. 304 pp.Google Scholar
Ross, A. J. & Self, A. 2014. The fauna and flora of the Insect Limestone (late Eocene), Isle of Wight, UK: introduction, history and geology. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104(for 2013), 233–44.Google Scholar
Ross, A. J. & York, P. V. 2000. A list of type and figured specimens of insects and other inclusions in Burmese amber. Bulletin of The Natural History Museum, Geology Series 56, 11–20.Google Scholar
Scudder, S. H. 1890. The fossil insects of North America (with notes on some European species). 2. The Tertiary insects of North America. Report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories 13, 1–734.Google Scholar
Shcherbakov, D. E. 2000. The most primitive whiteflies (Hemiptera; Aleyrodidae; Bernaeinae subfam. nov.) from the Mesozoic of Asia and Burmese amber, with an overview of Burmese amber hemipterans. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, Geology Series 56, 29–37.Google Scholar
Spahr, U. 1988. Ergänzungen und Berichtigungen zu R. Keilbachs Bibiliographie und Liste der Bernsteinfossilien–Überordnung Hemipteroidea. Stutgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie) 144, 1–60.Google Scholar
Spinola, M. 1839. Essai sur les Fulgorelles, sous-tribu de la tribu des Cicadaires, ordre des Rhyngotes. (Suite). Annales de la Société Entomologique de France 8, 133–337, 339–454.Google Scholar
Stål, C. 1866. Hemiptera Homoptera Latr. Hemiptera Africana 4, 1–276.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. 2002. Amber and amber inclusions of planthoppers, leafhoppers and their relatives (Hemiptera, Archaeorrhyncha et Clypaeorrhyncha). In Holzinger, W. (ed.) Zikaden – Leafhoppers, Planthoppers and Cicadas (Insecta: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). Denisia, 04, zugleich Kataloge des OÖ. Landesmuseums Linz, Neue Folge Nr. 176, 37–56.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. 2004. Niryasaburnia gen. nov. for ‘Liburnia' burmitina Cockerell, 1917 from Burmese amber (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha: Achilidae). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 2(2), 105–07.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. 2006. A new genus Waghilde gen. nov. representing a new tribe of the planthopper family Achilidae from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Annales Zoologici 56(1), 167–74.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. 2007. Fulgoromorpha: planthoppers. In Martill, D. M., Bechly, G. & Loveridge, R. F. (eds) The Crato Fossil Beds of Brazil: Window into an Ancient World, 297–313. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 581 pp.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. 2012. Życie w eoceńskich lasach bursztynowych []. World Amber Council Seminar. Gdańsk the World Amber Capital, Gdańsk, May 18–19, 2012, 60–74. Gdańsk: Mayor's Office for City Promotion, City Hall of Gdańsk. 79 pp.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J., Bourgoin, T. & Lefebvre, F. 2004. Fossil Planthoppers (Hemiptera Fulgoromorpha) of the world. An annotated catalogue with notes on Hemiptera classification. Warszawa: Studio 1. 208 pp.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. & Drohojowska, J. 2016. A swarm of whiteflies – the first record of gregarious behavior from Eocene Baltic amber. The Science of Nature 103, 35.Google Scholar
Szwedo, J. & Stroiński, A. 2001. Ptychogroehnia reducta gen. and sp. n. of the fossil tribe Ptychoptilini from the Eocene Baltic amber (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Achilidae). Annales Zoologici 51, 95–101.Google Scholar
Urban, J. M. & Cryan, J. R. 2007. Evolution of the planthoppers (Insecta: Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42, 556–772.Google Scholar
Usinger, R. L. 1939. Protepiptera, a new genus of Achilidae from Baltic amber (Hemiptera, Fulgoroidea). Psyche 46, 65–67.Google Scholar
Van Duzee, E. P. 1908. Studies in North American Fulgoridae. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1907, 467–98.Google Scholar
Van Duzee, E. P. 1916. Notes on some Hemiptera taken near Lake Tahoe, California. Technical Bulletin. University of California, College of Agriculture, Agricultural Experiment Station. Entomology 1, 229–49.Google Scholar
Wappler, T. 2003. Die Insekten aus dem Mittel-Eozä49n des Eckfelder Maares, Vulkaneifel. Mainzer Naturwissenschaftlisches Archiv 27, 1–234.Google Scholar
Wappler, T. & Engel, M. S. 2003. The middle Eocene bee faunas of Eckfeld and Messel, Germany (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Journal of Paleontology 77, 908–21.Google Scholar
Weitschat, W. & Wichard, W. 2010. Baltic amber. In Penney, D. (ed) Biodiversity of Fossils in Amber from the Major World Deposits, 80–115. Manchester: Siri Scientific Press. 304 pp.Google Scholar
White, F. B. W. 1879. List of the Hemiptera of New Zealand. (Concluded). Entomologists' Monthly Magazine 15, 217–20.Google Scholar
Wilson, S. W., Mitter, C., Denno, R. F. & Wilson, M. R. 1994. Evolutionary patterns of host plant use by delphacid planthoppers and their relatives. In Denno, R. F. & Perfect, T. J. (eds) Planthoppers. Their Ecology and Management, 7–113. New York & London: Chapman & Hall. x+799 pp.Google Scholar
Wolfe, A. P., McKellar, R. C., Tappert, R., Sodhi, R. N. S. & Muehlenbachs, K. 2016. Bitterfeld amber is not Baltic amber: Three geochemical tests and further constraints on the botanical affinities of succinate. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 255, 21–31.Google Scholar
Zetterstedt, J. W. 1828. Ordo III. Hemiptera. Fauna Insectorum Lapponica 1, 1–563.Google Scholar