¹ See Appendix I under Barney, William; Bowman, mother; Coles, William; Dawson, Thomas; Dickman, John I; Greve, John; Lambard, widow; More, Ralph; Wilson, Thomas; Yeomans, William.

² Thirsk, J. I., ed., The agrarian history of England and Wales, IV, 1500–1640 (Cambridge, 1967), 401.Google Scholar

³ See Appendix I under the column headed ‘landholding, demesne’. ‘Landless or almost landless’ is here taken to mean tenants with a customary holding of one acre or less. Those in this category are: Appleton, William; Batty, Edmund; Dawson, Thomas; Dickman, John I; Engeldew, John; Folkes, Robert; Hall, Robert; Ivory, John; May, William.

⁴ Will of Margery Coles, NRO Norwich Archdeaconry Court, Lyncolne f. 94.

⁵ For the provisions they bought from or sold to Bacon see Appendix I, especially under Appleton, William and Richard; Barney, William; Batty, Edmund; Coles, William; Dickman, John I; Engeldew, John; Hall, Robert; Ivory, John; More, Ralph; Wilson, Thomas; Yeomans, William.

⁶ For the exploitation of the Fen at Willingham (Cambs.) by landless and near landless villagers see Spufford, M., Contrasting communities: English villagers in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries (Cambridge, 1974), 129–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁷ UEA Bacon DATABASE under More, Ralph. After 1593 he and William Yeomans jointly supplied fish to Bacon's household.

⁸ Norfolk Record Office (NRO) Millican (photocopy) deposit (Q 189 A). For this manuscript see Transactions of the Norfolk and Norwich Archaeological Society XXXV (1970–1972), 156–7.Google Scholar

⁹ Smith, A. Hassell, Baker, Gillian M., and Kenny, R. W., eds., The papers of Nathaniel Bacon of Stiffkey volume I 1556–1577 (Centre of East Anglian Studies, Norwich, 1979), 46–76.Google Scholar

¹⁰ Smith, and Baker, , Bacon Papers 1 (1979), and II (1983)Google Scholar, various references under Johnson, Francis. He was a Dutchman who took an English wife and lived at Morston.

¹¹ See Appendix I, especially under Appleton, William; Batty, Edmund; Croxen, Robert; Dawson, Thomas; Folkes, Robert; Greve, John; May, William; More, Ralph; Sly II; Wilson, Thomas.

¹² NRO MS. 1572 (1C5). Accounts of John Walker, sheepreeve for Morston and Stiffkey.

¹³ UEA Bacon DATABASE under Gye, Robert; Bacon, Anne.

¹⁴ UEA Bacon DATABASE 4/15580, 13327, 16452, 10224, 14049.

¹⁵ For the development of stocking knitting in Norwich see Thirsk, J. I., Economic policy and projects (Oxford, 1978), 44–6.Google Scholar

¹⁶ See Appendix I under Green, George; Hodge, Edward; Lyon, Robert.

¹⁷ These figures are derived from two parish profiles compiled from a variety of sources. That for 1593–1594 is incorporated in Appendix I. In both cases transients – those who stayed for less than two years – have been excluded.

¹⁸ In the preparation of this article I have been stimulated by Professor R. Pahl's views in Pahl, R., Division of labour (Oxford, 1984).Google Scholar

¹⁹ For a critical appraisal of these books see Smith, A. Hassell, ‘Gentry accounts as a source for community studies? The case of Nathaniel Bacon of Stiffkey’ in The study of a north Norfolk coastal community: Stiffkey 1560–1630 (ESRC final report, 1981, Boston Spa), 6–27.Google Scholar

²⁰ Families have been deemed to have had children of sufficient age if the parents were married in or before 1580. The families are: Appleton, William; Batty, Edmund; Bowman, John; Coles, fVilliam (by wife's first marriage); Croxon, Robert; Dawson, Thomas I; Dickman, John I; Greve, John; Lombard, Henry; More, Ralph; Spark, Edmund; Yeomans, William. Names have been italicized when one or more daughters worked as day-labourers for Bacon. For these families see Appendix I.

²¹ Husbandmen, carriers, fishermen and timber hewers.

²² See Appendix I under Appleton, William; Banyard, Bamaby; Banyard, Thomas; Batty, Edmund; Bowman, John; Coles, Thomas; Coles, William; Croxen, Robert; Dawson, Thomas I; Dawson, Thomas II; Dickman, John I; Green, George; Greve, Gilbert; Greve, John; Greve, William; Hill, William; Hodge, Edward; Lambard, Henry; Lyon, Robert; More, Ralph; Page, Edward; Page, John II; Sly I; Smith Peter I; Spark, Edmund; Yeomans, William. Names have been italicized when one or more daughters worked as day-labourers for Bacon.

²³ For these figures see Part I, Appendix IV of this article, Continuity and Change IV I (1989).Google Scholar

²⁴ For evidence from elsewhere of daughters working within the family economy see Chaytor, M., ‘Household and kinship: Ryton in the late 16th and early 17th centuries’, History Workshop X (1980), 47–8.Google Scholar

²⁵ For an exception see Appendix I under Appleton, Richard.

²⁶ See Part I, Appendix I under Appleton, Thomas I; Banyard, Barnaby; Batty, Edmund; Dawson, Thomas II; Grace, Thomas; Green, George; Hodge, Edward; Newton, Peter; Wyatt, George. See also Part I, Appendix II of this article, under Brigham, William; ?Loades, John; Lightfoot; Young, John; Lath; Rogers, John; Isborne; Burdon, Clement; Reeder, Robert; More, Bartholomew; Stokes, John; Roofe; Thompson, Edward; Thurst.

²⁷ See Appendix I.

²⁸ For a squire-dominated Midland parish where there were several groups of families each bearing the same surname, see Rogers, A., ‘An early seventeenth-century listing: Wollaton, Notts’, Midland History V (1979–1980), 35.Google Scholar

²⁹ Appendix I under Dawson, Thomas I and II; UEA Bacon DATABASE under Dawson; Smith, and Baker, , Bacon papers I, 191Google Scholar; NRO, Stiffkey parish register; University of Reading Library, Norf. 20; NRO Norwich Archdeaconry will, Burre, f. 28.

³⁰ Appendix I under Dickman, John; UEA Bacon DATABASE under Dickman, John.

³¹ NRO Martyn 22, overseers' accounts for the year 1604–1605.

³² UEA Bacon DATABASE under Dickman, Ann, daughter, father, John, mother and wife.

³³ For the information in this paragraph, unless otherwise stated, see NRO, Stiffkey parish register; UEA Bacon DATABASE under Page; Page, Agnes, Alice, daughter, Edward, John, Mary, mother, wife.

³⁴ Alice Greve, sister of John Greve (NRO, Norwich Archdeaconry will, Hytchcocke, ff. 57v–58).

³⁵ University of Reading Library, Norfolk 20, book of payments and receipts 1576–1577, entry for 2.12.1576.

³⁶ By 1593 they were aged 19, 21 and 22 (NRO Stiffkey Parish register).

³⁷ Appendix I under Baker, John; Framingham, John; Greve, Gilbert; ?Lambard, Henry; Manser, Richard; Speller, John.

³⁸ UEA Bacon DATABASE under Speller, Helen, Joan, John and Thomas; Smith, and Baker, , Bacon Papers II, 74 and III (forthcoming), 262–3, 264, 265, 268, 303–5, 307–8.Google Scholar

³⁹ Smith, and Baker, , Bacon Papers IGoogle Scholar, various references; UEA Bacon DATABASE under Mounford, John, John junior, Edmund; Mynne, Elizabeth; Mynne Mistress. NRO, Stiffkey parish register.

⁴⁰ Appendix I shows 6 families holding 15 messuages (Baker, John; Framingham, John; Greve, Gilbert; Lambard, Henry; Manser, Richard; Speller, John). To these nine spare messuages must be added one owned by Bacon and four held by absentee property owners who are unidentified in the Appendix.

⁴¹ Raynham Hall, MSS. of the Townshend and Bacon families, Box 4 no. 12.

⁴² NRO Hammond deposit 20.1.87 (S117A).

⁴³ Appendix I.

⁴⁴ Blacksmiths and millers came and went at Stiffkey so frequently that they are usually named generically rather than personally in the accounts books. Bacon had a smithy and mill to let, but the community was probably not large enough to provide a living for these tradesmen. For the fate of some see: Smith, and Baker, , Bacon Papers I, 192Google Scholar; II, 207–8; UEA Bacon DATABASE under Hawnde; Yale University, Beinecke Library 195, Stiffkey Millers accounts 1576–1580. Carpenters, also, were mobile. John Rogers stayed long enough for his child to be baptized in the parish; Lightfoot worked for about two years as a journeyman carpenter with Stephen Chappell. During this time his wife and son also appear in the records as day-labourers for Bacon (UEA Bacon DATABASE under Lightfoot). For other transients see UEA Bacon DATABASE under Nockold (shoemaker), Wesson (gardener), Wiggen and Greenacre (shepherds).

⁴⁵ Smith, and Baker, , Bacon Papers I, 271.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Folger Shakespeare Library, E.b.3, accounts of the bailiff of husbandry for Stiffkey 1598–1599.

⁴⁷ For the effect of the desire for privacy and social segregation on the planning of smaller houses see especially Mercer, E., English Vernacular houses (1975).Google Scholar

⁴⁸ This is a view I shall develop in subsequent studies of the Bacon family and of Stiffkey Hall.

⁴⁹ Smith, A. Hassell, County and court, government and politics in Norfolk 1558–1603 (Oxford, 1974).Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Machin, R., ed., Probate inventories and manorial excepts of Chetmole, Leigh and Yetminster (Bristol, 1967), 26–8Google Scholar; Chaytor, M., ‘Household and kinship: Ryton in the late 16th and early 17th centuries’, History Workshop X (1980), 45–9.Google Scholar

⁵¹ The sixteenth century fabric of Stiffkey is still substantially intact; it includes several small houses which we hope to survey. A preliminary investigation by the late Mr Alan Carter led him to suggest that each comprised a small heated hall, a narrow service room and loft above both. Evidence from the early seventeenth century map of Stiffkey suggests that even these small houses were occupied mainly by husbandmen.

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⁶⁰ Smith, and Baker, , Bacon Papers I (1979), under Mounford, John.Google Scholar

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⁶⁶ Appendix I.

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⁶⁹ UEA Bacon DATABASE under Banyard, Barnaby; Batty, Edmund; Greve, Gilbert I; Smith, Peter. See also Appendix I.

⁷⁰ NRO, Norwich Archdeaconry Court Will, Bastard f. 382.

⁷¹ Laslett, and Wall, , Household and family in past times, p. 40.Google Scholar

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⁷³ Only two inventories are extant for the 68 families which appear in the profile upon which this article is based (Appendix I); one is that of a labourer. There are nine wills, three of which were made by labourers.

⁷⁴ Wales, T., ‘Poverty, poor relief and the life cycle: some evidence from seventeenthcentury Norfolk’, in Smith, R. M., ed., Land, kinship and life cycle (Cambridge, 1984), 352.Google Scholar