Case-based learning is often considered a new innovation in medical teaching, but it is actually as old as clinical medicine. Physicians have always consulted with their peers on difficult cases and utilized the case-based form of discussion as an educational tool, as a means of understanding new diagnoses, and as a method of determining the best treatment for a particular patient. Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM), a common clinical disorder with a world-wide distribution, has been unrecognized and/or ignored for years. FM can be likened to a volcano, with pain at the very top and insomnia and depression as key, but less common, manifestations (Slide 1). However, many physicians are insecure about the diagnosis and treatment of patients with FM, because they simply do not know enough about the disorder.