¹ A special study of MSS. of all schools where Q is used along with a number in signing quaternions is required: the use is certainly as old as the sixth century, and perhaps characteristic of that century. I have seen it later in St. Omer 33 bis (saec. ix in. St. Bertin); Paris 9530 (saec. viii-ix, Echternach), 9535 (saec. viii-ix, Echternach); Angers 148 (140) (saec. ix in.). Perhaps the presence of this Q is a proof that a MS. was copied direct from a sixth-century original, but it is premature to argue.