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^2. Many historians over the past thirty years have denied that there was any direct relationship between Puritanism and capitalism. A bibliography of this debate would include scores of titles. A few major ones, however, are Robertson, H. M., Aspects of the Rise of Economic Individualism; A Criticism of Max Weber and His School (Cambridge, 1933)Google Scholar; Albert, Hyma, Christianity, Capitalism and Communism, A Historical Analysis (Ann Arbor, 1937)Google Scholar; Hudson, Winthrop S., “Puritanism and the Spirit of Capitalirm,” Church History, XVIII (03 1949)Google Scholar; and Charles, and George, Katherine, The Protestant Mind of the English Reformation (Princeton, 1963).Google Scholar

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^4. Ibid., 299. In an article included in this book, “William Perkins and the Poor,” Hill stated that Puritan Perkins was one of the earliest exponents of the belief that riches are good in themselves.

^5. Ibid., 236. Another historian, Wright, Louis B., believed that Puritans developed a casuistry especially “pleasing to middle-class prejudices.” Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England (Ithaca, N. Y., 1935), 127.Google Scholar

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^7. Tawney, R. H., Religion and the Rise of Capitalism (New York, 1926), 149, 159, 192.Google ScholarHill, Christopher, in his recent Society and Puritanism, treated Anglican writers who wrote about work and wealth in a “bourgeois” manner as exceptions to their faith. (141, 124ff)Google Scholar. For example, he cited Anglican George Herbert and Bishop Robert Sander- son as evidence that “Puritanism helped in the task of imposing labour discipline.” Hill never suggested that there might have been a broad agreement between Anglicans and Puritans and that Herbert and Sanderson were not unusual in their economic views.

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^9. DNB.

^10. Ibid.

^11. This study owes a great debt to the Georges' book, The Protestant Mind of the English Reformation. The Georges examined seventeenth-century Protestant theology in depth and concluded that “Puritanism” did not exist as a separate and distinct body of thought before 1640. They pointed out that many English divines shared common beliefs on major religious issues. This essay attempts to test the Georges' thesis in one specific area—economic thought. The conclusion is that there were some subtle differences between Anglicans and Puritans on matters of work and wealth. The writings of Anglicans like Nicholas Ferrar, George Herbert, and Henry Hammond suggest that the two theologies may have clashed in ways that the Georges did not expect. A recent, provocative study of pre-Civil War Protestantism is John, F. H.New's Anglican and Puritaa, the Basis of Opposition 1558–1640 (Stamford, 1964).Google Scholar New tried to explain the confliet between the two faiths as a difference in world views and brought a fresh viewpoint to a debate that has been stale for some time.

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^17. Dod, John and Cleaver, Robert, A Godlie Forme of Householde Government…. (London, 1612), R 4–5Google Scholar, and Gouge, William, works (London, 1627), 300.Google Scholar

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^35. Ibid., VI, 363.

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^39. Dent, , The Plaine Mans Path-way to Heaven, 186Google Scholar; see also Gouge, , works, II, 301Google Scholar; and Sanderson, , works, III, 100.Google Scholar

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^49. Hammond, , The Works, I, 299.Google Scholar

^50. Ibid., I, 200, 207.

^51. Sanderson, , Works, III, 109Google Scholar; see also 108. Part of the Christian Warfare, 29.

^52. Earle, John, Micro-cosinographie or, A Peece of the World Discovered (London, 1628), chapter 19Google Scholar, no page numbers.

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^59. Downame, , The Second Part of the Christian Warfare, 41.Google Scholar

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^65. Chillingworth, William, The Works (London, 1742), 68.Google Scholar

^66. Adams, , Works, II, 232.Google Scholar

^67. Preston, , Foure Godly and Learned Treatises, 42.Google Scholar

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^71. Preston, , Foure Godly and Learned Treatises, 37Google Scholar; see also Downanie, , The Second part of the Christian Warfare, 220–221.Google Scholar

^72. Preston, , Foure Godly and Learned Treatises, 36Google Scholar; see also Perkins, , Works, II, 125–126.Google Scholar

^73. Hammond, , Works, I, 177.Google Scholar

^74. Sanderson, , Works, III, 138.Google Scholar

^75. Ferrar, , The Ferrar Papers, 104.Google Scholar

^76. Hammond, , Works, I, 202.Google Scholar

^77. Ibid., I, 266.

^78. Ferrar, , The Ferrar Papers, 103–104.Google Scholar

^79. In several minor cases this essay did point up the fact that Hammond appeared more bourgeois than the “middle class” Puritan theologians. I did not intend to switch Hill's labels, however, and to suggest that the Anglicans were the core of a new “industrious” class. It was my purpose to emphasize only the consensus of economic opinion in seventeenth-century England.

^80. Hyma, , Christianity, Capitalism and Coinimunism, 200–201.Google Scholar

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