Background: Epilepsy mediated by immune cells must be identified early since immunotherapy has been associated with better clinical outcomes. This provides an overview of autoimmune TLE, emphasizing recent developments in its pathophysiology, imaging, and therapeutic interventions. Methods: Web-based research using advanced features of databases. Results: Epilepsy caused by immune dysfunction leads to inflammation of the brain. Inflammation play a role in the development of seizures. Proinflammatory molecules found to be overexpressed in neurons and glia of individuals with DRE, provoke a proinflammatory cytokines in the plasma and CSF. Autoimmune epilepsy is characterized by focal seizures refractory to ASMs accompanied by other neurological manifestations, as described by clinical scoring systems.Scoring systems are available to identify patients who are likely to be positive. The MRI findings include signal hyperintensities in the affected brain regions. EEG performed to exclude nonconvulsive seizures. Seizures resulting from autoimmune encephalitis are caused by antibodies to surface antigens and intracellular antigenes. Conclusions: Pathogenesis proposed to involve antibody-mediated ictogenesis. Immunotherapy is effective in autoimmune encephalitis with a positive prognosis if detected early. Limbic encephalitis has been shown to have a detrimental effect on cognition, mood, and behavior. Neuropsychology is an important outcome criterion for tracking disease progression and treatment success.