Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T15:02:39.508Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

PARTICULATE FORMULATIONS OF ABATE® AND METHOXYCHLOR AS BLACK FLY1 LARVICIDES: THEIR SELECTIVE EFFECTS ON STREAM FAUNA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

B. V. Helson  and
A. S. West
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Several streams near Baie Comeau, Quebec were treated with a particulate formulation of methoxychlor (particle size 8–15 μ) or Abate® (particle size 2.5–20 μ) at a dosage of 0.1 ppm for 15 min to determine if such a formulation is effective against and selective for black fly larvae. The effects of these larvicides were evaluated by sampling the stream fauna before and after treatment with cones, Surber samplers, drift nets, and rock sampling. A new caging device, the entrapment sampler, was used to assess mortality directly.

Both larvicides were effective against Simuliidae. Neither particulate insecticide was completely selective for black fly larvae, since philopotamid larvae and some chironomid larvae were also killed. Although some other detritus-feeding insects also were affected, numerous families of insects including potential predators of Simuliidae were not affected appreciably by these particulate larvicides. Particulate Abate affected a few more families of insects than particulate methoxychlor. The comparative effects of these formulations and the corresponding liquid formulations on stream fauna are discussed. Particulate formulations are a promising alternative to the present formulations used for black fly larviciding, and further research on their safety and performance and on methods of aerial application is recommended.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 110 , Issue 6 , 01 June 1978 , pp. 591 - 602
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brown, D. S. 1961. The food of the larvae of Chloeon dipterum L. and Baetis rhodani (Pictet) (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). J. Anim. Ecol. 30: 55–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chance, M. M. 1970. The functional morphology of the mouthparts of blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae). Quaest. ent. 6: 245–284.Google Scholar
Cummins, K. W. 1973. Trophic relations of aquatic insects. A. Rev. Ent. 18: 183–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredeen, F. J. H. 1970. A constant-rate liquid dispenser for use in blackfly larviciding. Mosquito News 30: 402–405.Google Scholar
Fredeen, F.J.H., Arnason, A. P., and Berck, B.. 1953 a. Adsorption of DDT on suspended solids in river water and its role in blackfly control. Nature, Lond. 171: 700–701.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fredeen, F. J. H., Arnason, A. P., Berck, B., and Rempel, J. G.. 1953 b. Further experiments with DDT in the control of Simulium arcticum Mall. in the North and South Saskatchewan Rivers. Can. J. agric. Sci. 33: 379–393.Google Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N. 1941. The taxonomy and ecology of the nymphs of British Plecoptera, with notes on the adults and eggs. Trans. R. ent. Soc. Lond. 91: 459–557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The ecology of running waters. Univ. Toronto Press. 555 pp.Google Scholar
Kershaw, W. E., Williams, T. R., Frost, S., and H. Hynes, B.N.. 1965. Selective effect of particulate insecticides on Simulium among stream fauna. Nature, Lond. 208: 199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kershaw, W. E., Williams, T. R., Frost, S., Matchett, R. E., Mills, M. L., and Johnson, R. D.. 1968. The selective control of Simulium larvae by particulate insecticides and its significance in river management. Trans. R. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 62: 35–40.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McLay, C. L. 1968. A study of drift in the Kakanui River, New Zealand. Aust. J. mar. Freshwat. Res. 19: 139–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minckley, W. L. 1963. The ecology of a spring stream Doe Run, Meade County, Kentucky. Wildl. Monog. 11. 124 pp.Google Scholar
Muttkowski, R. A. and Smith, G. M.. 1929. The food of trout stream insects in Yellowstone National Park. Roosevelt Wild Life Ann. 2: 241–263.Google Scholar
Noel-Buxton, M. B. 1956. Field experiments with DDT in association with finely divided inorganic material for the destruction of the immature stages of the genus Simulium in the Gold Coast. Jl W. Afr. Sci. Assoc. 2: 36–40.Google Scholar
Swabey, Y. H., Shenk, C. F., and Parker, G. L.. 1967. Evaluation of two organophosphorus compounds as blackfly larvicides. Mosquito News 27: 149–155.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. R. 1971. The effects of several insecticides on blackfly larvae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and on other stream-dwelling aquatic invertebrates. M.Sc. Thesis, Queen's University.Google Scholar
Wallace, R. R. and Hynes, H. B. N.. 1975. The catastrophic drift of stream insects after treatments with methoxychlor (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (p-methoxyphenyl) ethane). Environ. Pollut. 8: 255–268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wallace, R. R., West, A. S., Downe, A. E. R., and Hynes, H. B. N.. 1973. The effects of experimental blackfly (Diptera: Simuliidae) larviciding with Abate, Dursban, and Methoxychlor on stream invertebrates. Can. Ent. 105: 817–831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, T. R., Connolly, R., Hynes, H. B. N., and Kershaw, W. E.. 1961. Size of particles ingested by Simulium larvae. Nature, Lond. 189: 78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed