Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T11:45:45.893Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

ICHNEUMONOID PARASITES (HYMENOPTERA) ACCIDENTALLY INTRODUCED INTO CANADA

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

W. R. M. Mason
Affiliation:
Biosystematics Research Institute, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa K1A 0C6

Abstract

Parasitic Hymenoptera are among the many insects that have been transported about the world by human agency. Unlike phytophagous pests and the parasites deliberately introduced to control them, the unknowingly introduced parasites have received little attention. Twenty Ichneumonoidea now found in Canada are listed with evidence that, with various degrees of certainty, shows them to have been unknowingly introduced from Europe.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1978

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. 1962. 1971. A review of the biological control attempts against insects and weeds in Canada. Commonw. Inst. biol. Contr. Tech. Commun. 2, 4.Google Scholar
Dasch, C. E. 1964. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 5. Subfamily Diplazontinae. Mem. Am. ent. Inst. 3.Google Scholar
Dondale, C. D. 1954. Biology of Agathis laticinctus (Cress.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a parasite of the eye-spotted budmoth in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent. 86: 4044.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elton, C. S. 1958. The ecology of invasions by plants and animals. Methuen, London. 180 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopkins, D. M. 1972. The paleogeography and climatic history of Beringia during late Cenozoic time. Inter-Nord 12: 121150.Google Scholar
Huffaker, C. B. and Messenger, P. S. (Eds.). 1976. Theory and practice of biological control. Academic, New York. 788 pp.Google Scholar
Lindroth, C. H. 1957. The faunal connections between Europe and North America. Wiley, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loan, C. C. and Thompson, L. S.. 1972. Pygostolus falcatus found in Prince Edward Island (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Blacinae). Can. Ent. 104: 779780.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. J. P. 1962. Monoctonus crepidis (Haliday) (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) an aphid parasite new to North America. Can. Ent. 94: 10891093.Google Scholar
Mackauer, M. J. P., 1963. Bemerkung zur Systematik, Verbreitung, und Wirtsbindung des Ephedrus persicae — Komplexes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Z. angew. Ent. 52: 343354.Google Scholar
Nelson, C. H., Hopkins, D. M., and Scholl, D. W.. 1974. Cenozoic sedimentary and tectonic history of the Bering Sea, pp. 485516, in Hood, D. W. and Kelly, J. (Eds.), Oceanography of the Bering Sea. Fairbanks.Google Scholar
Parker, F. D., Lawson, F. R., and Pinnell, R. E.. 1971. Suppression of Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) using a new control system: Mass releases of both the pest and its parasites. J. econ. Ent. 64: 722735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Read, D. C. and Morris, Ray F.. 1964. The occurrence and life-history of the leaf tier Cnaphasia virguareana Treit. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and its parasites in Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. Can. Ent. 96: 13361339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Riley, C. V. 1885. Fourth report of the U.S. Entomological Commission. Rep. ent. Comm. 4: 323.Google Scholar
Riley, C. V.in Scudder, S. H. 1889. Butterflies of Eastern United States and Canada. Cambridge 3: 1898.Google Scholar
Townes, H. K. 1951. In Muesebeck, C. F. W., Krombein, K. V., and Townes, H. K. et al. Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico. Synoptic catalogue. Agriculture Monogr. 2.Google Scholar
Townes, H. K. 1963. Evidence among the ephialtine Ichneumonidae for a Bering migration route. Pacif. Basin Biogeogr.: 153158.Google Scholar
Townes, H. K. and Gupta, V. K.. 1962. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 4 Subfamily Gelinae, Tribe Hemigastrini. Mem. Am. ent. Inst. 2.Google Scholar
Townes, H. and Townes, M.. 1960. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 2. Subfamilies Ephialtinae, Xoridinae, Acaenitinae. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 216, part 2.Google Scholar
Townes, H. and Townes, M.. 1962. Ichneumon-flies of America north of Mexico: 3. Subfamily Gelinae, Tribe Mesostenini. Bull. U.S. natn. Mus. 216, part 3.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, A.T.S. 1966. Apanteles rubecula Marshall and other parasites of Pieris rapae in British Columbia. J. econ. Ent. 59: 10121013.Google Scholar
Wong, H. R. 1975 (1974). The identification and origin of strains of the larch sawfly Pristiphora erichsonii (Hymenoptera; Tenthredinidae), in North America. Can. Ent. 106: 11211131.Google Scholar