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The Classical Chinese topic-markerFu

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

A. C. Graham
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Extract

The graph in Classical Chinese represents three different words, a noun (fu1/✴pῗwo╴ ‘man, husband’), a final particle (fu2/✴bῗwo╴ ‘n'est-ce pas?’), and a word (also read (fu2/✴bῗwo╴) which of all the common pronouns and particles is perhaps the one which has most persistently defied all attempts at a usable grammatical description.

Type
Articles
Information
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies , Volume 35 , Issue 1 , February 1972 , pp. 85 - 110
Copyright
Copyright © School of Oriental and African Studies 1972

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References

1 Chou, , Pt. III (Substitution), 137–42Google Scholar.

2 Chou, 141 f.

3 Schindler, , op. cit., 162, 163Google Scholar.

4 Dawson, p. 64, n 206, and p. 99.

5 Mathews, graph No 1908.

6 Shadick, § 10.621, and p. 883.

7 Cikoski, 128, 152.

8 Dobson, (2), § 3.12 (with n. 74), p. 241.

9 cf. examples 8, 10, 71, 72, 78, 81, below.

10 Kennedy, ‘The Classical Chinese pronoun forms ngo and nga’, in Kennedy, op. cit.

11 cf. § 3, below.

12 Graham (1), 31–5.

13 For the conjecture that the pre-classical o– form pronouns were rising tone when final but could be level tone earlier in the phrase, for which there is good evidence in the case of yü/✴dῐo ‘I, me’, cf. Graham, (1), 29, 56Google Scholar.

14 cf. Graham (1), 34.

15 Chou, 132 f.

16 Chou, 137; Graham (1), 54.

17 cf. pp. 99, 104, below. For another, very problematic, example in the ‘Documents’, cf. p. 107, below.

18 cf. p. 99, below. “

19 Wang (1), 68; Yang, 5; Chou, p. 136, n. 1.

20 Graham (2), 131 f. But more recent authorities who have accepted the hypothesis that fu is a fusion of a negative and an interrogative particle have preferred to identify the first element as fou (Dobson, §3.9; Dawson, 78).

21 cf. Karlgren (2).

22 Chou, 137 f.; Wang (1), 83; Yang, 44.

23 Cikoski, 128.

24 Chou, 137 f.

25 Schindler, 164.

26 Pulleyblank, 53–6.

27 cf. p. 87, above.

28 Chou, 139; Yang, 45 f.; Wang (1), 84.

29 Chou, 139 f.; Yang, 47.

30 cf. p. 101, above.

31 Graham (1), 35–51.

32 Graham (3), 123–5.

33 Chou, 139, 141.

34 Wang (2), 527.

35 Yang, 45.

36 Chou, 141 f.

37 Wang (1), 84 f.

38 Chou, 138. So also Yang, 4.5.

39 Chiao, 380.