Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jn8rn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T19:03:29.188Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Parasitism of the castor whitefly, Trialeurodes ricini (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) by Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae): bionomics in relation to temperature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

Parviz Shishehbor  and
Paddy A. Brennan
Parviz Shishehbor*
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College Dublin, Ireland
Paddy A. Brennan
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College Dublin, Ireland
*
P. Shishehbor Department of Environmental Resource Management, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Selected life history characteristics of Encarsia formosa Gahan parasitizing the castor whitefly, Trialeurodes ricini (Misra) were studied at three constant temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C). Egg-to-adult developmental time decreased from 32 days at 20°C to 13 days at 30°C. An average of 241 day-degrees was required to complete development above the lower threshold temperature (12°C). Juvenile mortality was 34, 40 and 47% at 20, 25 and 30°C, respectively. Mean longevity of E. formosa ranged from 7.7 days at 20°C, to 2.6 days at 30°C. Mean total fecundity ranged from 18 to 36 eggs/female. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) increased with temperature from 0.065/day at 20°C to 0.169/day at 30°C. Generation times decreased from 37 to 14.5 days with increasing temperature.

Type
Research Article
Information
Bulletin of Entomological Research , Volume 86 , Issue 1 , February 1996 , pp. 67 - 72
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albert, R. & Schneller, H. (1991) Biologische Schädlings-bekämpfung bei Zierpflanzen I. Gartenbau-Gartenwelt 1, 10–15.Google Scholar
Arakawa, R. (1982) Reproductive capacity and amount of host-feeding of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie 93, 175–182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benuzzi, M., Nicoli, G. & Manzaroli, G. (1990) Biological control of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and Trialuerodes vaporariorum (Westw.) by Encarsia formosa Gahan. International Organisation for Biological Control of Obnoxious Animals/West Palaerctic Regional Section Bulletin (IOBC/WPRS) 13(5), 27–31.Google Scholar
Bethke, J.A., Nuessly, G.S., Paine, T.D. & Redak, R.K. (1991) Effect of host insect-host plant association on selected fitness components of Encarsia formosa (Gahan) (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Biological Control 1, 164–169.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bink-Moenen, R.M. (1983) Revision of the African whiteflies (Aleyrodidae), mainly based on a collection from Tchad. Monografieen van de Nederlandse Entomologische Verenging 10, 1–211.Google Scholar
Birch, L.C. (1948) The intrinsic rate of natural increase of an insect population. Journal of Animal Ecology 17, 15–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burnett, T. (1949) The effect of temperature on an insect host-parasite population. Ecology 30, 113–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, A., Frazer, B.D., Gilbert, N., Gutierrez, A.P. & Mackauer, M. (1974) Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. Journal of Applied Ecology 11, 431–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carey, J.R. (1982) Demography and population dynamics of the Mediterranean fruitfly Ceratitis capitata. Ecological Entomology 9, 261–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, D.B. (1955) Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11, 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enkegaard, A. (1993) Encarsia formosa parasitizing the poinsettia-strain of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, on poinsettia: bionomics in relation to temperature. Entomologia Experimental et Applicata 69, 251–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eysackers, H. (1969) Ontwikkelingen en verspreiding van Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) en zijn paraziet Encarsia formosa Gahan. MSc Thesis. University of Leiden, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, G.E.A. (1975) The glasshouse whitefly and its parasite. PhD Thesis, University of Bradford.Google Scholar
Kajita, H. (1979) Effects of temperature and humidity on fecundity and longevity of Encarsia formosa Gahan, an introduced parasite of greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Proceedings of the Association of Plant Protection of Kyushu 25, 112–114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, T. (1973) Thrips: their biology, ecology and economic importance. London, Academic Press.Google Scholar
Lopez-Avila, A. (1988) A comparative study of four species of Encarsia (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) as potential control agents for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). PhD Thesis. University of London.Google Scholar
Madueke, E.D.N. (1979) Biological control of Trialeurodes vaporariorum. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Madueke, E.D.N. & Coaker, T.H. (1984) Temperature requirements of the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and its parasitoid Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Entomolgie Generalis 9, 149–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Messenger, P.S. (1970) Bioclimatic inputs to biological control and pest management programs. pp. 84–102 in Rabb, R.L. & Guthrie, F.E. (Eds) Concept of pest management. Raleigh, North Carolina State University.Google Scholar
Milliron, H.E. (1940) A study of some factors affecting the efficiency of Encarsia formosa Gahan, an aphelinid parasite of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westw.). Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin 173, 1–23.Google Scholar
Mound, L.A. & Halsey, S.H. (1978) Whitefly of the world. New York, Wiley.Google Scholar
Nayar, K.K. (1986) General and applied entomology. New Delhi, McGraw Hill.Google Scholar
Nechols, J.R. & Tauber, M.J. (1977) Age-specific interaction between the greenhouse whitefly and Encarsia formosa: influence of host on the parasite's oviposition and development. Environmental Entomology 6, 207–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nickel, J.L. (1963) Report on agricultural entomology in Cambodia. Plant Protection Technical Document 12 – United States Agency for International Development Mission to Cambodia. Washington DC, United States Department of Agriculture Library.Google Scholar
Noldus, L.P.J.J. & van Lenteren, J.C. (1990) Host aggregation and parasitoid behaviour: biological control in a closed system. pp. 229–262 in Mackauer, M., Ehler, L.E. & Roland, J. (Eds) Critical issues in biological control. Andover, Intercept.Google Scholar
Osborne, L.S. (1982) Temperature-dependent development of greenhouse whitefly and its parasite Encarsia formosa. Environmental Entomology 11, 483–485.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrella, M.P., Paine, T.D., Bethke, J.A., Robb, K.L. & Hall, J. (1991) Evaluation of Encarsia formosa (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) for biological control of sweetpotato whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on poinsettia. Environmental Entomology 20, 713–719.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, M.M., Naik, M.M., Vyas, H.N. & Patel, A.T. (1986) Evaluation of certain insecticides against whitefly (Trialeurodes ricini Misra) and the jassid (Empoasca keri Pruthi) infesting castor. Indian Journal of Plant Protection 14, 81–82.Google Scholar
Speyer, E.R. (1927) An important parasite of the greenhouse whitefly. Bulletin of Entomological Research 17, 301–308.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stenseth, C. (1985) Biology of pests and natural enemies. pp. 30–33 in Hussey, N.W. & Scopes, N. (Eds) Biological pest control: the glasshouse experience. Pools, Dorset, UK, Blandford Press.Google Scholar
Szabo, P., van Lenteren, J.C. & Huisman, P.W.T. (1993) Development time, survival and fecundity of Encarsia formosa on Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum. International Organisation for Biological Control of Obnoxious Animals/ West Palaerctic Regional Section Bulletin (IOBC/WPRS) 16(2), 173–176.Google Scholar
van Bruggen, A.H.C. (1975) De inloved van de waardplant op de ontwikkelingsduur en mortaliteir van de kaswittevlieg Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) en zijn parasiet Encarsia formosa Gahan. MSc Thesis, University of Leiden, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
van Lenteren, J.C. & Woets, J. (1988) Biological and integrated pest control in greenhouses. Annual Review of Entomology 33, 239–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vet, L.E.M., van Lenteren, J.C. & Woets, J. (1980) The parasite-host relationship between Encarsia formosa Gah. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). XI. A review of the biological control of the greenhouse whitefly with suggestions for future research. Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie 90, 26–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar