Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T12:16:49.976Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Antioxidant enzyme activity in the muscles of calves depleted of vitamin E or selenium or both

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Dominic M. Walsh ,
D. Glenn Kennedy ,
Edward A. Goodall  and
Seamus Kennedy
Dominic M. Walsh
Affiliation:
Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD
D. Glenn Kennedy
Affiliation:
Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD
Edward A. Goodall
Affiliation:
Biometrics Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD
Seamus Kennedy
Affiliation:
Veterinary Sciences Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Feeding diets depleted of vitamin E and Se to cattle can induce a disease known as nutritional degenerative myopathy. It is believed that an increased peroxidative challenge in muscle is involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. A number of species can up-regulate the activity of some antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2), glutathione transferase (EC 2.5.1.18), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1), in an attempt to mitigate the effects of a peroxidative challenge. A 2 × 2 factorial study was set up to examine possible changes in the activities of these antioxidant enzymes in muscles of ruminant calves fed on diets low in either vitamin E or Se. Four groups of four calves each were fed on a basal diet of NaOH-treated barley which was supplemented with α-tocopherol or Se or both for a total of 50 weeks. Calves fed on diets depleted of vitamin E, but not those ted on diets low in Se, developed subclinical myopathy, as judged by increases in the activity of plasma creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2), and had increased muscle concentrations of two indices of lipid peroxidation, namely thiobarbituric acidreactive substances, with and without ascorbate activation. Feeding diets depleted of vitamin E and diets low in Se both increased muscle activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydregenase in heart, biceps and supraspinatus. This change may have occurred in an attempt to maintain intracellular pools of reduced glutathione. No other changes in antioxidant enzyme activity were observed.

Keywords

Antioxidant enzymesLipid peroxidationVitamin ESeleniumCattle
Type
Enzymatic Effects of Vitamin E or Selenium Depletion
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 70 , Issue 2 , September 1993 , pp. 621 - 630
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

References

REFERENCES

Alin, P., Danielson, U. H. & Mannervik, B. (1985). 4-Hydroxyalk-2-enals are substrates for glutathione transferase. FEBS Letters 179, 267–270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Allen, W. M. (1977). New developments in muscle pathology: nutritional myopathies including ‘muscular dystrophy’ or ‘white muscle disease’. Veterinary Science Communications 1, 243–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carlberg, L. & Mannervik, B. (1975). Purification and characterisation of the flavoenzyme glutathione reductase from rat liver. Journal of Biological Chemistry 250, 5475–5480.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chow, C. K., Reddy, K. & Tappel, A. L. (1973). Effect of dietary vitamin E on the activities of the glutathione peroxidase system in rat tissue. Journal of Nutrition 103, 618–624.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Esterbauer, H., Schaur, R. J. & Zollner, H. (1991). Chemistry and biochemistry of 4-hydroxynonenal, malonaldehyde and related aldehydes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 11, 81–128.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gelman, A. L. (1985). Some Studies with a Varian VGA-76 Hydride Generator, for Selenium Determination. Varian Technical notes no. AA-44. Mulgrave, Australia: Varian Instrument Group.Google Scholar
Habig, W. H., Pabst, M. J. & Jakoby, W. B. (1974). Glutathione S-transferases– first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 46, 625–634.Google Scholar
Johansson, L. H. & Hakan Borg, L. A. (1988). A spectrophotometric method for the determination of catalase activity in small tissue samples. Analytical Biochemistry 174, 331–336.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, S., Rice, D. A. & Davidson, W. B. (1987). Experimental myopathy in vitainin E- and selenium-depleted calves with and without added dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids as a model for nutritional degenerative myopathy in ruminant cattle. Research in Veterinary Science 43, 384–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kornberg, A., Horecker, B. L. & Smyriot, P. Z. (1955). Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Methods in Enzymology 1, 323–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawrence, R. A., Parkhill, L. K. & Burk, R. F. (1978). Hepatic cytosolic non selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity: its nature and the effect of selenium deficiency. Journal of Nutrition 108, 981–987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lowry, O. H., Rosebrough, N. J., Farr, A. L. & Randall, R. J. (1951). Protein measurement with the Folin-phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193, 265–275.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMurray, C. H. & Blanchflower, W. J. (1979). Determination of α-tocopherol in animal feedingstuffs using high performance liquid chromatography with spectrofluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatography 176, 488–492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McMurray, C. H., Blanchflower, W. J. & Rice, D. A. (1980). The effect of pre-treatment on the stability of alpha-tocopherol in moist barley. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 39, 61A.Google Scholar
McMurray, C. H. & McEldowney, P. K. (1977). A possible prophylaxis and model for nutritional degenerative myopathy in young cattle. British Veterinary Journal 133, 535–542.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Masugi, F. & Nakamura, T. (1976). Effect of vitamin E deficiency on the level of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and lipid peroxide in rat liver. International Journals of Vitamin and Nutrition Research 46, 187–191.Google ScholarPubMed
Mehlert, A. & Diplock, A. T. (1985). The glutathione S-transferases in selenium and vitamin E deficiency. Biochemical Journal 227, 823–831.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meydani, M., Macauley, J. B. & Blumberg, J. B. (1988). Effect of dietary vitamin E and selenium on susceptibility of brain regions to lipid peroxidation. Lipids 23, 406–409.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N. & Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 95, 351–358.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Orskov, E. R. & Greenhalgh, J. F. D. (1977). Alkali treatment as a method of processing whole grain for cattle. Journal of Agricultural Science 89, 253–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rice, D. A. & McMurray, C. H. (1986). Use of sodium hydroxide treated selenium deficient barley to induce vitamin E and selenium deficiency in yearling cattle. Veterinary Record 118, 173–176.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomson, C. D., Steven, S. M., Van Rij, A. M., Wade, C. R. & Robinson, M. F. (1988). The absence of adaptive changes in tissue activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase following selenium and vitamin E supplementation in subjects with low selenium status. Biochemistry International 16, 83–92.Google ScholarPubMed
Walsh, D. M., Kennedy, S., Blanchflower, W. J., Goodall, E. A. & Kennedy, D. G. (1993). Vitamin E and selenium deficiency increases indices of lipid peroxidation in muscle tissue of ruminant calves International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research (In the Press).Google ScholarPubMed
Walsh, D. M., Kennedy, S. & Kennedy, D. G. (1991). Tissue activities of glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9) and related enzymes in cattle depleted of vitamin E or selenium, or both. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 50, 125A.Google Scholar
Xu, G.-L. & Diplock, A. T. (1983). Glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1. 18), superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1. 1) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) activities in tissues of ducklings deprived of vitamin E and selenium. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 437–444.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed