Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T12:21:56.358Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

What is meant by schizophrenic speech?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 February 2010

Walter Weintraub
Walter Weintraub
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md. 21201
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Open Peer Commentary
Information
Behavioral and Brain Sciences , Volume 5 , Issue 4 , December 1982 , pp. 613 - 614
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1982

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abrams, R., Redfield, J. & Taylor, A. T. (1981) Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia, affective disorder, and organic brain disease. British Journal of Psychiatry 139:190–94. [JKD]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Agnew, J. & Bannister, D. (1973) Psychiatric diagnosis as a pseudo-specialist language. British Journal of Medical Psychology. 46:69–73. [DB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
American Psychiatric Association (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – DSM III. 3rd ed.Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association. [NCA, RLC, tarSS]Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. (1979a) Thought, language, and communication disorders. I. Clinical assessment, definition of terms, and evaluation of their reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry 36:1315–23. [NCA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N. C. (1979b) Thought, language, and communication disorders. II. Diagnostic significance. Archives of General Psychiatry 36:1325–30. [NCA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Andreasen, N. C. (1982) The relationship between schizophrenic language and the aphasias. In: Dopamine and psychosis in schizophrenia as a brain disease, ed. Henn, F., & Nasrallah, H.. New York: Oxford University Press. [NCA]Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C. & Grove, W. (1979) The relationship between schizophrenic language, manic language, and aphasia. In: Hemisphere asymmetries of function in psychopathology, ed. Gruzelier, J., & Flor-Henry, P.. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North-Holland. [taSS]Google Scholar
Andreasen, N. C., Olsen, S. A., Dennert, J. W. & Smith, M. W. (1982) Ventricular enlargement in schizophrenia: Relationship to positive and negative symptoms. American Journal of Psychiatry 139:297–301. [JKD]Google ScholarPubMed
Andrews, G. (1977) Haloperidol and the treatment of stuttering. Journal of Fluency Disorders 2:217–24. [rSS]Google Scholar
Arieti, S. (1955) Some aspects of language in schizophrenia. In: On expressive language, ed. Werner, H.. Worcester, Mass.: Clark University Press. [KZ]Google Scholar
Arieti, S. (1959) Schizophrenia: The manifest symptomatology, the psychodynamic and formal mechanisms. In: American handbook of psychiatry, vol. 1, ed. Arieti, S., pp. 455–507. New York: Basic Books. [KZ]Google Scholar
Arieti, S. (1971) Current ideas on the problem of psychoses. In: Problem of psychosis, ed. Doncet, P., & Laurin, C., pp. 3–21. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica. [KZ]Google Scholar
Asarnow, R. F. (in press) The search for the psychobiological substrate of schizophrenia: A perspective from studies of children at risk for schizophrenia. In: The child at risk, ed. Tarter, R.. New York: Oxford University Press. [RFA]Google Scholar
Asarnow, R. F. & Asarnow, J. R. (in press) Attention/information processing and vulnerability to schizophrenia: Implications for preventive intervention. In: Preventive intervention in schizophrenia, ed. Goldstein, M.. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. [RFA]Google Scholar
Asarnow, R. F. & MacCrimmon, D. J. (1978) Residual performance deficit in clinically remitted schizophrenics: A marker of schizophrenia? Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:597–608. [RFA, rSS]Google Scholar
Asarnow, R. F. & MacCrimmon, D. J. (1981) Span of apprehension deficits during the post-psychotic stages of schizophrenia: A replication and extension. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:1006–11. [RFA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asarnow, R. F. & MacCrimmon, D. J. (1982) Attention/information processing, neuropsychological functioning and thought disorder during the acute and partial recovery phases of schizophrenia: A longitudinal study. In prep. [RFA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asarnow, R. F., Steffy, R. A., MacCrimmon, D. J. & Cleghorn, J. M. (1977) An attentional assessment of foster children at risk for schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:267–75. [RFA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Austin, J. L. (1962) How to do things with words. New York: Oxford University Press. [JL]Google Scholar
Bannister, D. (1962) The nature and measurement of schizophrenic thought disorder. Journal of Mental Science 108:825–42. [RLC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bannister, D. (1963) The genesis of schizophrenic thought disorder: A serial invalidation hypothesis. British Journal of Psychiatry 109:680–86. [RLC]Google Scholar
Bannister, D. (1968) The logical requirements of research into schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 114:181–88. [DB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bannister, D., Adams-Webber, J. R., Penn, W. I. & Radley, A. R. (1975) Reversing the process of thought disorder: A serial validation experiment. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 14:169–80. [DB]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basso, A., De Renzi, E., Faglioni, P., Scotti, G. & Spinnler, H. (1973) Neuropsychological evidence for the existence of cerebral areas critical to the performance of intelligence tasks. Brain 96:715–28. [FB]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beck, A. T., Ward, C. H., Mendelson, M., Mock, J. E. & Erbaugh, J. K. (1962) Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis. II. A study of consistency of clinical judgments and ratings. American Journal of Psychiatry 119:351–57. [taSS]Google Scholar
Benson, D. F. (1975) Disorders of verbal expression. In: Psychiatric aspects of neurologic disease, ed. Benson, D. F., & Blumer, D.. New York: Grune & Stratton. [FB]Google Scholar
Bernstein, B. (1960) Language and social class. British Journal of Sociology 11:271–76. [WW]Google Scholar
Binet, A. (1903) L'étude experimentale de l'intelligence. Paris: Schleicher. [FB]Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1911) Dementia praecox oder Gruppe der Schizophrenien. Leipzig & Vienna: Deuticke. [KZ]Google Scholar
Bleuler, E. (1950) Dementia praecox or the group of schizophrenias. New York: International Universities Press. 1st ed., 1911. [RFA, DB, BDC, tarSS]Google Scholar
Bobon, J. (1952) Introduction historique à l'étude des néologismes et des glossolalies en psychopathologie. Liège: Vaillant-Carmanne. [ARL]Google Scholar
Boland, T. B. & Chapman, L. J. (1971) Conflicting predictions from Broen's and Chapman's theories of schizophrenic thought disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 78:52–58. [taSS]Google Scholar
Braff, D. L. & Saccuzzo, D. P. (1981) Information processing dysfunction in paranoid schizophrenia: A two-factor deficit. American Journal of Psychiatry 138:1051–56. [KHN]Google ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1958) Perception and communication. Oxford: Pergamon Press. [RAK, taSS]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1971) Decision and stress. New York: Academic Press. [LC, RAK, RGK, KHN, TFO, DRR, tarSS]Google Scholar
Broadbent, D. E. (1977) The hidden preattentive processes. American Psychologist 32:109–18. [RAK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broadbent, D. E. (1981) Selective and control processes. Cognition 10:53–58. [RAK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broen, W. E. Jr. (1968) Schizophrenia: Research and theory. New York: Academic Press. [DRH, JL]Google Scholar
Broen, W. E. Jr & Storms, L. H. (1966) Lawful disorganization: The process underlying a schizophrenic syndrome. Psychological Review 73:265–79. [SRK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Broen, W. E. Jr & Storms, L. H. (1967) A theory of response interference in schizophrenia. In: Progress in experimental personality research, vol. 4, ed. Maher, B. A.. New York: Academic Press. [taSS]Google Scholar
Browning, R. M. & Stover, D. O. (1971) Behaviour modification in child treatment. New York: Aldine. [taSS]Google Scholar
Buchshaum, M. S. & Haier, R. J. (1978) Biological homogeneity, symptom heterogeneity, and the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 4:473–75. [FO]Google Scholar
Buchshaum, M. S. & Reider, R. O. (1979) Biologic heterogeneity and psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 36:1163–69. [FO]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buckingham, H. W. (1979) Linguistic aspects of lexical retrieval disturbances in the posterior fluent aphasias. In: Studies in neurolinguistics, vol. 4., ed. Whitaker, H., & Whitaker, H. A.. New York: Academic Press. [HWB]Google Scholar
Buckingham, H. W. & Kertesz, A. (1976) Neologistic jargon aphasia. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger. [HWB]Google Scholar
Buss, A. H. & Lang, P. J. (1965) Psychological deficit in schizophrenia: I. Affect, reinforcement, and concept attainment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70:2–24. [SRK]Google Scholar
Callaway, E. & Naghdi, S. (1982) An information processing model for schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 39:339–47. [KHN, TFO]Google Scholar
Cameron, N. (1938) Reasoning, regression and communication in schizophrenics. Psychological Monographs 50; no. 1, whole no. 221. [CN]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, N. (1944) Experimental analysis of schizophrenic thinking. In: Language and thought in schizophrenia, ed. Kasanin, J. S.. New York: Norton. [CN, taSS]Google Scholar
Campbell, M., Rosenbloom, S., Perry, R., George, A. E., Kricheff, I. I., Andersen, L., Small, A. & Jennings, S. J. (1982) Computerized axial tomography in young autistic children. American Journal of Psychiatry 139:510–12. [JKD]Google Scholar
Carpenter, M. D. (1976) Sensitivity to syntactic structure, good vs poor premorbid schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:41–50.[NCA, taSS]Google Scholar
Cegalis, J. A. & Tegtmeyer, P. F. (1980) Visual selectivity in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 168:229–35. [DRH]Google Scholar
Cenac, M. (1925) De certains langages créés par les aliénés: contribution à l'étude des glossolalies. Paris: Jouve. [ARL]Google Scholar
Chafe, W. (1980) The pear stories. Advances in discourse processes vol. 3. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing. [EC]Google Scholar
Chaika, E. O. (1974) A linguist looks at “schizophrenic” language. Brain and Language 1:257–76. [EC, AK, taSS]Google Scholar
Chaika, E. O. (1977) Schizophrenic speech, slips of the tongue, and jargonaphasia: A reply to Fromkin and to Lecours and Vanier-Clément. Brain and Language 4:464–75. [EC, taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chaika, E. O. (1981) How shall a discourse be understood? Discourse Processes 4:71–88. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chaika, E. O. (1982a) Language: The social mirror. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House Publishers. [EC]Google Scholar
Chaika, E. O. (1982b) Thought disorder or speech disorder in schizophrenia? Schizophrenia Bulletin, forthcoming. [EC]Google Scholar
Chaika, E. O. (1982c) A unified explanation for the diverse structural deviations reported for adult schizophrenics with disrupted speech. Journal of Communication Disorders, 15:167–89. [EC]Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J. (1958) Intrusion of associative responses into schizophrenic conceptual performance. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 56:374–79. [SRK]Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J. & Chapman, J. P. (1965) Interpretation of words in schizophrenia. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1:135–46. [tarSS]Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J. & Chapman, J. P. (1973) Disordered thought in schizophrenia. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice-Hall. [LC, SRK, RAK, tarSS]Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J. & Chapman, J. P. (1978) The measurement of differential deficit. Journal of Psychiatric Research 14:303–11. [SRK]Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P. & Daut, R. L. (1976) Schizophrenic inability to disattend from strong aspects of meaning. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:35–40. [JL]Google Scholar
Chapman, L. J., Chapman, J. P. & Miller, G. A. (1964) A theory of verbal behavior in schizophrenia. In: Progress in experimental personality research, vol. 1, ed. Maher, B. A.. New York: Academic Press. [JL, taSS]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1964) Degrees of grammaticalness. In: The structure of language, ed. Fodor, J. A., & Katz, J. J.. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [JL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. [JL]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1972) Language and the mind. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovano-vich. [taSS]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1975) Reflections on language. New York: Pantheon. [rSS]Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1980) Rules and representations. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. [rSS]Google Scholar
Clark, H. & Clark, E. V. (1977) Psychology and language: An introduction to psycholinguistics. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. [HWB]Google Scholar
Clark, H. & Haviland, S. (1977) Comprehension and the given-new contract. In: Discourse production and comprehension, ed. Freedle, R. O.. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing. [HWB]Google Scholar
Cohen, B. D. (1978) Referent communication disturbances in schizophrenia. In: Language and cognition in schizophrenia, ed. Schwartz, S.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [EC, taSS]Google Scholar
Cohen, B. D. & Camhi, J. (1967) Schizophrenic performance in a word-communication task. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 72:240–46. [BDC, JL, taSS]Google Scholar
Cohen, B. D., Nachmani, G. & Rosenberg, S. (1974) Referent communication disturbances in acute schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:1–13. [BDC, KHN, taSS]Google Scholar
Cohen, R. A. (1975) Manic-depressive illness. In: Comprehensive textbook of psychiatry II, ed. Freedman, A. M., Kaplan, J. I., & Sadock, B. J.. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. [taSS]Google Scholar
Colbourn, W. A. & Lishman, W. A. (1979) Lateralization of function and psychotic illness: A left hemisphere deficit? In: Hemisphere asymmetries of function in psychopathology, ed. Gruzelier, J., & Flor-Henry, P.. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. [RGK]Google Scholar
Colby, K. M. (1981) Modeling a paranoid mind. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 4:515–60. [rSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colby, K. M. & McGuire, M. T. (1981) Signs and symptoms: Zeroing in on a better classification of the neuroses. The Sciences 21:21–23. [KMC]Google Scholar
Colby, K. M. & Spar, J. E. (in press) The fundamental crisis in psychiatry: Unreliability of diagnosis. Indianapolis: Charles C. Thomas. [KMC]Google Scholar
Connolly, J. F., Gruzelier, J. H., Kleinman, K. M. & Hirsch, S. R. (1979) Lateralised abnormalities in hemisphere-specific tachistoscopic tasks in psychiatric patients and controls. In: Hemisphere asymmetries of function in psychopathology, ed. Gruzelier, J., & Flor-Henry, P.. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. [RGK]Google Scholar
Cornblatt, B. & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (in press) Early attentional predictors of adolescent behavioral disturbances in children at risk for schizophrenia. In: Children at risk for schizophrenia, ed. Anthony, J., Wynne, L., Watt, N., & Rolff, J.. New York: Cambridge University Press. [RFA]Google Scholar
Critchley, M. (1964) The neurology of psychotic speech. British Journal of Psychiatry 110:353–64. [FB]Google Scholar
Critchley, M. (1970) Thinking and speaking: Verbal symbols in thought. In: Aphasiology, pp. 159–74. London: Arnold. [FB]Google Scholar
Darby, J. (1976) Neuropathologic aspects of psychosis in children. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia 6:339–51. [JKD]Google Scholar
Davidson, G. S. & Neale, J. M. (1974) The effect of signal-noise similarity on visual information processing of schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:683–86. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deckner, C. W. & Blanton, R. L. (1969) Effect of context and strength of association on schizophrenic verbal behaviour. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74:348–51. [taSS]Google Scholar
de Silva, W. P. & Hemsley, D. R. (1977) The influence of context on language perception in schizophrenia. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology: 16:337–45. [DRH, taSS]Google Scholar
Dewolfe, A. S. & Fedirka, P. J. (1978) Interference in word associations in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology 34:302–5. [LC]3.0.CO;2-D>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dingemans, P., Space, L. G. & Cromwell, R. L. (1982) Repertory grid, consistency, and schizophrenia. [RLC]Google Scholar
DiSimoni, F. G., Darley, F. & Aronson, A. (1977) Patterns of dysfunction in schizophrenic patients on an aphasia test battery. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 42:498–513. [FB]Google Scholar
Dokecki, P. B., Polidoro, L. G. & Cromwell, R. L. (1965) Commonality and stability of word association responses on good and poor premorbid schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70:312–16. [JKD]Google Scholar
Eaton, E. M. (1979) Hemisphere-related visual information processing in acute schizophrenia before and after neuroleptic treatment. In: Hemisphere asymmetries of function in psychopathology, ed. Gruzelier, J., & Flor-Henry, P.. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. [RGK]Google Scholar
Eisenson, J. (1958) A perseveration theory of stuttering. In: Stuttering: A symposium, ed. Eisenson, J.. New York: Harper. [BDC]Google Scholar
Emmerich, D. S. & Levine, F. M. (1970) Differences in auditory sensitivity of chronic schizophrenic patients and normal controls determined by use of a forced-choice procedure. Journal of Diseases of the Nervous System 31:552–57. [KHN]Google Scholar
Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. & Cornblatt, B. (1978) Attentional measures in a study of children at high risk for schizophrenia. In: The nature of schizophrenia: New approaches to research and treatment, ed. Wynne, L., Cromwell, R., & Matthysse, S.. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [RFA]Google Scholar
Faber, R. & Reichstein, M. B. (1981) Language dysfunction in schizophrenia. British Journal of Psychiatry 139:519–22. [FO]Google Scholar
Federn, P. (1952) Ego psychology and the psychoses. New York: Basic Books. [CN]Google Scholar
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Cuze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G. & Munoz, R. (1972) Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research. Archives of General Psychiatry 26:52–63. [taSS]Google Scholar
Fenton, W. S., Mosher, L. R. & Matthews, S. M. (1981) Diagnosis of schizophrenia: A critical review of current diagnostic systems. Schizophrenia Bulletin 7:452–76. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flekkøy, J. (1975) Associative changes in hospitalized schizophrenics during a 16 year period. Neuropsychobiology 1:47–58. [RFA]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Flekkøy, K., Astrup, C. & Hartmann, T. (1969) Word associations in schizophrenics: A ten year follow-up. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 45:209–16. [RFA]Google Scholar
Flor-Henry, P. (1969) Psychosis and temporal lobe epilepsy: A controlled investigation. Epilepsia 10:363–95. [RGK]Google Scholar
Flournoy, T. (1900) Les Indes a la planète Mars. Paris: Alcan. [ARL]Google Scholar
Forrest, D. V. (1976) Nonsense and sense in schizophrenic language. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2:286–301. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fowler, R. (1969) On the interpretation of “nonsense strings.” journal of Linguistics 5:75–83. [JL]Google Scholar
Frame, C. L. & Oltmanns, T. F. (1982) Distraction and verbal information processing deficit in noninstitutionalized schizophrenics. In prep. [TFO]Google Scholar
Frankel, A. S. & Buchwald, A. M. (1969) Verbal conditioning of common associations in long-term schizophrenics: A failure, Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74:372–74. [taSS]Google Scholar
Friedrich, D., Emery, K., & Fuller, G. (1974) Performance of paranoid schizophrenics on a dichotic listening task. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42:583–87. [taSS]Google Scholar
Fromkin, V. A. (1975) A linguist looks at “A linguist looks at 'schizophrenic language.” Brain and Language 2:498–503. [FB, EC, AK, ARL, taSS]Google Scholar
Fuller, G. D. & Kates, S. L. (1969) Word association repertoires of schizophrenics and normals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 33:497–500. [LC, taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Furth, H. G. (1961) The influence of language on the development of concept formation in deaf children. In: Language and thinking, ed. Adams, P.. Baltimore: Penguin. [taSS]Google Scholar
Gattaz, W. F., Beckmann, H. & Mendlewicz, J. (1981) HLA antigens and schizophrenia: A pool of two studies. Psychiatric Research 5:123–28. [JKD]Google Scholar
Gerson, S. N., Benson, D. F. & Frazier, S. H. (1977) Diagnosis: Schizophrenia versus posterior aphasia. American Journal of Psychiatry 134:966–69. [taSS]Google Scholar
Gerver, D. (1967) Linguistic rules and the perception and recall of speech by schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 6:204–11. [taSS]Google Scholar
Gleason, H. A. Jr. (1968) Contrastive analysis and discourse structure. Monograph Series on Languages and Linguistics 17, pp. 75–95. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press. Rpt. (1973) Readings in stratificational linguistics, ed. Makkai, A., & Lockwood, D., pp. 258–76. University, Ala.: University of Alabama Press. [JRM]Google Scholar
Gold, G. (1974) The White House transcripts. New York: Bantam Books. [taSS]Google Scholar
Golden, C. J., Graber, B., Coffman, J., Berg, R. A., Newlin, D. B. & Bloch, S. (1981) Structural brain deficits in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:1014–17. [JKD]Google Scholar
Goldman-Eisler, F. (1958) Speech production and the probability of words in context. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 10:96–106. [BDC]Google Scholar
Goldstein, K. (1944) Methodological approach to the study of schizophrenia and thought disorder. In: Language and thought in schizophrenia, ed. Kasanin, J. S.. New York: Norton. [SRK, taSS]Google Scholar
Gottschalk, L. A. & Gleser, G. C. (1964) Distinguishing characteristics of the verbal communications of schizophrenic patients. In: Disorders of communication, ed. McRioch, D., & Weinsten, E. A.. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins. [taSS]Google Scholar
Gottschalk, L. A. & Gleser, G. C. (1969) The measurement of psychological states through the content analysis of verbal behavior. Berkeley: University of California Press. [taSS]Google Scholar
Gregory, M. J. & Carroll, S. (1978) Language and situation: Language varieties and their social contexts. London: Routledge fit Kegan Paul. [JRM]Google Scholar
Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and conversation. In: Syntax and semantics. Vol. 3: Speech acts, ed. Cole, P., & Morgan, J. L.. New York: Seminar Press. [HWB]Google Scholar
Grove, W. M., Andreasen, N. C., McDonald-Scott, P., Keller, M. B. & Shapiro, R. W. (1981) Reliability studies of psychiatric diagnosis: Theory and practice. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:408–12. [JCM]Google Scholar
Gruzelier, J. (1979) Synthesis and critical review of the evidence for hemisphere asymmetries of function in psychopathology. In: Hemisphere asymmetries of function in psychopathology, ed. Gruzelier, J., & Flor-Henry, P.. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. [RGK]Google Scholar
Gruzelier, J. & Venables, P. (1974) Bimodal and lateral asymmetry of skin conductance orienting activity in schizophrenics: Replication and evidence of lateral asymmetry in patients with depression and disorders of personality. Biological Psychiatry 8:55–73. [RGK]Google Scholar
Gruzelier, J. & Venables, P. (1975) Evidence of high and low levels of physiological arousal in schizophrenics. Psychophysiology 12:66–73. [DRH]Google Scholar
Gur, R. E. (1978) Left hemisphere dysfunction and left hemisphere over-activation in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:226–38. [RGK]Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1973) Explorations in the functions of language. Explorations in Language Study. London: Edward Arnold. [JRM]Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. (1978) Language as a social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold. [JRM]Google Scholar
Halliday, M. A. K. & Hasan, R. (1976) Cohesion in English. English Language Series 9. London: Longman. [JRM]Google Scholar
Hankamer, J. & Sag, I. A. (1976) Deep and surface anaphora. Linguistic Inquiry 7:391–428. [HWB]Google Scholar
Hartmann, E. (1975) Dreams and other hallucinations: An approach to the underlying mechanism. In: Hallucinations: Behavior, experience and theory, ed. Siegel, R. K., & West, L. J.. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [DRH]Google Scholar
Harvey, P., Winters, K., Weintraub, S. & Neale, J. M. (1981) Distractibility in children vulnerable to psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 90:298–304. [KHN]Google Scholar
Haviland, S. & Clark, H. (1974) What's new? Acquiring new information as a process in comprehension. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 13:512–21. [HWB]Google Scholar
Hécaen, H. & Dubois, J.La naissance de la neuropschologie du langage. Paris: Flammarion. [ARL]Google Scholar
Hellige, J. B. (1975). Hemispheric processing differences revealed by differential conditioning and reaction time performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 104:309–326. [RGK]Google Scholar
Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., Taibleson, M., Woodruff, R. A., Reich, T. & Wish, E. D. (1977) Reliability of psychiatric diagnosis. Archives of General Psychiatry 34:129–41. [JCM]Google Scholar
Hemsley, D. R. (1975) A two-stage model of attention in schizophrenic research. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 14:81–89. [LC, taSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hemsley, D. R. & Richardson, P. H. (1980) Shadowing by context in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 168:141–45. [LC, RAK, RGK, TFO, taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Herbert, R. & Waltensperger, K. (1981) Schizophrasia: A case study of a paranoid schizophrenic's language. Applied Psycholinguistics 1:81–93. [EC]Google Scholar
Herman, P. G. & Hessel, S. J. (1975) Accuracy and its relationship to experience in the interpretation of chest radiographs. Investigative Radiology 10:62–67. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hirsch, S. R. & Leff, J. P. (1975) Abnormalities in parents of schizophrenics. London: Oxford University Press. [taSS]Google Scholar
Hoffman, R. E., Kirstein, L., Stopek, S. & Cicchetti, D. V. (1982) Apprehending schizophrenic discourse: A structural analysis of the listener's task. Brain and Language 15:207–33. [HWB]Google Scholar
Hollingshead, A. B. & Redlich, F. C. (1958) Social class as a mental illness: A community study. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [taSS]Google Scholar
Holzman, P. (1978) Cognitive impairment and cognitive stability: Towards a theory of thought disorder. In: Cognitive defects in the development of mental illness, ed. Serban, G.. New York: Brunner/Mazel. [EC]Google Scholar
Hormann, H. (1971) Psycholinguistics. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. [taSS]Google Scholar
Horton, D. L., Marlowe, D. & Crowne, D. P. (1963) The effect of instructional set and need for social approval on community of word-association responses. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 66:67–72. [taSS]Google Scholar
Hymes, D. (1971) Competence and performance in linguistic theory. In: Language acquisition: Models and methods, ed. Huxley, R., & Ingram, E., pp. 3–28. New York: Academic Press. [JRM]Google Scholar
Jansson, B. (1968) The prognostic significance of various types of hallucinations in young people. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 44:401–9. [RAK]Google Scholar
Jenkins, J. J. (1974) Remember that old theory of memory? Well, forget it. American Psychologist 29:785–95. [JCM]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, J. J. & Russell, W. A. (1952) Associative clustering during recall. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 47:818–21. [taSS]Google Scholar
Jeste, D. V., Kleinman, J. E., Potkin, S. G., et al. (1982) Ex uno multi: Subtyping the schizophrenic syndrome. Biological Psychiatry 17:199–222. [FO]Google Scholar
Johnson, R. C., Weiss, R. L. & Zelhart, P. F. (1964) Similarities and differences between normal and psychotic subjects in response to verbal stimuli. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 58:221–26. [taSS]Google Scholar
Kasanin, J. S. (1944) Language and thought in schizophrenia. New York: Norton. [taSS]Google Scholar
Katz, J. J. (196–1) Semi-sentences. In: The structure of language, ed. Fodor, J. A., & Katz, J. J.. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. [JL]Google Scholar
Kay, S. R. (1982) Conceptual disorder in schizophrenia as a function of encoding orientation. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 170:154–63. [SRK]Google Scholar
Kay, S. R. & Singh, M. M. (1975) A developmental approach to delineate components of cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 14:387–99. [SRK]Google Scholar
Kay, S. R. & Singh, M. M. (1979) Cognitive abnormality in schizophrenia: A dual-process model. Biological Psychiatry 14:155–76. [SRK]Google ScholarPubMed
Kay, S. R., Singh, M. M. & Smith, J. M. (1975) Colour form representation test: A developmental method for the study of cognition in schizophrenia. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 14:401–11. [SRK]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keeney, T., Cannizzo, S. & Flavell, J. (1967) Spontaneous and induced verbal rehearsal in a recall task. Child Development 38:953–66. [RFA]Google Scholar
Kelly, G. A. (1955) The psychology of personal constructs. 2 vols. New York: Norton. [DB, RLC]Google Scholar
Kelter, S., Cohen, R., Engel, D., List, C. & Strohner, H. (1977) Verbal coding and visual memory in aphasia. Neuropsychologia 15:51–60. [FB]Google Scholar
Kempson, R. (1975) Presupposition and the delimitation of semantics. Cambridge Studies in Linguistics 15. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [JRM]Google Scholar
Kent, C. H. & Rosanoff, A. J. (1910) A study of association in insanity. American Journal of Insanity 67:37–96. [taSS]Google Scholar
Kertesz, A. (1981) The anatomy of jargon. In: Jargon aphasia, ed. Brown, J., pp. 63–112. New York: Academic Press. [AK]Google Scholar
Kimura, D. (1973). The asymmetry of the human brain. Scientific American, 228:70–78. [RGK]Google Scholar
Klatzky, R. L. (1975) Human memory: Structures and processes. San Francisco: W. H. Freeman & Co. [SRK]Google Scholar
Knight, R. A., Roff, J., Barrnett, J. & Moss, J. (1979) The concurrent and predictive validity of thought disorder and affectivity: A 22 year follow-up of acute schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:1–12. [RAKJGoogle Scholar
Knight, R. A., Sherer, M. & Shapiro, J. (1977) Iconic imagery in overinclusive and nonoverinclusive schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:242–55. [RAK]Google Scholar
Knight, R. A. & Sims-Knight, J. E. (1979) Integration of linguistic ideas in schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 88:191–202. [NCA, EC, RAK, tarSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, R. A. & Sims-Knight, J. E. (1980) Integration of visual patterns in schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:623–34. [RAK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Knight, R. G. & Russell, P. N. (1978) Global capacity reduction and schizophrenia. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 17:275–80. [TFO]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kogan, N. & Wallach, M. A. (1964) Risk-taking: A study in cognition and personality. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston. [DRR]Google Scholar
Koh, S. D. (1978) Remembering of verbal materials by schizophrenic young adults. In: Language and cognition in schizophrenia, ed. Schwartz, S.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [RFA, JKD, taSS]Google Scholar
Koh, S. D. & Kayton, L. (1974) Memorization of “unrelated” word strings by young nonpsychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 83:14–22. [SRK]Google Scholar
Koh, S. D., Kayton, L. & Berry, R. (1973) Mnemonic organization in young nonpsychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 81:229–310. [RAK, taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Koh, S. D., Kayton, L. & Schwarz, C. (1974) The structure of word storage in the permanent memory of nonpsychotic schizophrenics. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42:879–87. [RAK, taSS]Google Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1896) Psychiatric ein Lehrbuch fur Studierende und Arzte. 5th ed.Leipzig: Barth. [ARL]Google Scholar
Kraepelin, E. (1913) Psychiatric. Achte Auflage, vol. 3, pt. 2. Leipzig: Barth. [KZ]Google Scholar
Kreitman, N., Sainsbury, P., Morrissey, J., Towers, J. & Serivner, J. (1961) The reliability of psychiatric assessment: An analysis. Journal of Mental Science 107:887–908. [taSS]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972a) Language in the inner city. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [JRM]Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972b) Sociolinguistic patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [JRM]Google Scholar
Labov, W. & Fanshel, D. (1977) Therapeutic discourse: Psychotherapy as conversation. New York: Academic Press. [EC]Google Scholar
Laffal, J. (1965) Pathological and normal language. New York: Atherton. [taSS]Google Scholar
Laffal, J. (1979) A source document in schizophrenia. Hope Valley, R.I.: Gallery Press. [JL, taSS]Google Scholar
Lang, P. J. & Buss, A. H. (1965) Psychological deficit in schizophrenia: II. Interference and activation. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70:77–106. [SRK]Google Scholar
Larsen, S. F. & Fromholt, P. (1976) Mnemonic organization and free recall in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:61–65. [SRK, taSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lashley, J. S. (1951) The problem of serial order in behaviour. In: Cerebral mechanisms in behaviour, ed. Jeffress, L. A.. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [taSS]Google Scholar
Lebrun, Y. & Hoops, R. (1974) Intelligence and aphasia. Amsterdam: Swets & Zeitlinger. [FB]Google Scholar
Lecours, A. R. (1982) Simulation of speech production without a computer. In: Neural models of language processes, ed. Arbib, M., Marshall, J., & Caplan, D., pp. 345–70. New York: Academic Press. [ARL]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lecours, A. R., Navet, M. & Ross-Chouinard, A. (1981) Langage et pensee du sehizophase Confrontations psychiatriques 19:109–44. [ARL]Google Scholar
Lecours, A. R. & Vanier-Clément, M. (1976) Schizophasia and jargonaphasia: A comparative description with comments on Chaika's and Fromkin's respective looks at “schizophrenic” language. Brain and Language 3:516–65. [AK, ARL, taSS]Google Scholar
Lenneberg, E. H. (1967) Biological foundations of language. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, S. R. (1971) The analysis of compression in poetry. Foundations of Language 7:38–55. [JL]Google Scholar
Levine, F. M. & Whitney, N. (1970) Absolute auditory threshold and threshold of unpleasantness of chronic schizophrenic patients and normals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 75:74–77. [KHN]Google Scholar
Levitz, L. S. & Ullmann, L. E. (1969) Manipulation of indications of disturbed thinking in normal subjects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 33:633–41. [taSS]Google Scholar
Lévi-Valensi, J., Migault, P. & Lacan, J. (1931) Ecrits inspirés: schizographie. Annales médico-psychologiquces 89:1–26. [ARL]Google Scholar
Levy-Brühl, L. (1927) L'âme primitive. 2d ed.Paris: Alcan. [KZ]Google Scholar
Lewis, N. C. (1944) Preface to “language and thought in schizophrenia.” In: Language and thought in schizophrenia, ed. Kasanin, J. S.. New York: Norton. [taSS]Google Scholar
Lisman, S. A. & Cohen, B. D. (1972) Self-editing deficits in schizophrenia: A word-association analogue. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 79:181–88. [LC, tarSS]Google Scholar
Lorenz, M. (1957) Expressive form in schizophrenic language. Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry 78:643–55. [JL]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorenz, M. (1961) Problems posed by schizophrenic language. Archives of General Psychiatry 4:603–10. [JL]Google Scholar
Luchins, D. J., Morihisa, J. M., Weinberger, D. R. & Wyatt, R. J. (1981) Cerebral asymmetry and cerebellar atrophy in schizophrenia: A controlled postmortem study. American Journal of Psychiatry 138:1501–3. [JKD]Google Scholar
Luria, A. R. (1961) The role of speech in the regulation of normal and abnormal behavior. New York: Liveright Publishing Corp. [RFA]Google Scholar
McGhie, A. & Chapman, J. (1961) Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia. British Journal of Medical Psychology 34:103–16. [KHN]Google Scholar
McIntosh, R. P. (1967) An index of diversity and the relation of certain concepts to diversity. Ecology 48:392–404. [FO]Google Scholar
MacMahon, B., Morrison, A. S. & Ackerman, L. V. (1973) Histological characteristics of breast cancer in Boston and Tokyo. International Journal of Cancer 11:338. [taSS]Google Scholar
Magaro, P. A. (1980) Cognition in schizophrenia and paranoia: The integration of cognitive processes. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [JCM]Google Scholar
Magaro, P. A. (1981) The paranoid and the schizophrenic: The case for distinct cognitive style. Schizophrenia Bulletin 7:632–61. [RAK]Google Scholar
Magaro, P. A., Abrams, L. & Cantrell, P. (1981) The Maine scale of paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenia: Reliability and validity. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 49:438–47. [LC, rSS]Google Scholar
Maher, B. (1966) Principles of psychopathology: An experimental approach. New York: McGraw-Hill. [TFO, taSS]Google Scholar
Maher, B. (1972) The language of schizophrenia: A review and interpretation. British Journal of Psychiatry 120:3–17. [BDC, JL, KHN, TFO, taSS]Google Scholar
Maher, B. A., Manschreck, T. C. & Rucklos, M. E. (1980) Contextual constraint and the recall of verbal material in schizophrenia: The effect of thought disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry 137:69–73. [TFO]Google Scholar
Mandler, G. & Watson, D. L. (1966) Anxiety and the interruption of behavior. In: Anxiety and behavior, ed. Spielberger, C. D.. New York: Academic Press. [RFA]Google Scholar
Manschreck, T. C., Maher, B. A., Rucklos, M. E. & White, M. T. (1979) The predictability of thought disordered speech in schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 134:595–601. [taSS]Google Scholar
Maratsos, M. P. (1976) The use of definite and indefinite reference in young children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [taSS]Google Scholar
Margo, A., Hemsley, D. R. & Slade, P. D. (1981) The effects of varying auditory input on schizophrenic hallucinations. British Journal of Psychiatry 139:122–27. [DRH]Google Scholar
Marie, P. (1906) La troisieme circonvolution frontale gauche ne joue aucun rôle special dans la function du langage. Semaine Médicale, 05 23, rpt. Marie, P. (1926) Travaux et memoires, 1:3–30, Paris: Masson. For translation, see Cole, M. F. & Cole, M. (1971) Pierre Marie's papers on speech disorders. New York: Hafner. [FB]Google Scholar
Marvinney, D. A., Rosenberg, E. & Knight, R. A. (1982) The identification of schizophrenics: Differential selection by five research diagnostic systems. Paper presented at the annual meeting of EPA, Baltimore. [RAK]Google Scholar
Mednick, S. A. (1958) A learning theory approach to research in schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin 55:316–27. [JL, taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mefferd, R. B. Jr. (1978) Schizophrenic “thought disturbance” reconsidered. In: Phenomenology and treatment of schizophrenia, ed. Fann, W. E., Karacan, I., Pokorny, A. D., & Williams, R.. New York: Spectrum. [taSS]Google Scholar
Meichenbaum, D. (1973) Cognitive factors in behavior modification: Modifying what clients say to themselves. In: Annual review of behavior therapy: Theory and practice. New York: Brunner/Mazel. [taSS]Google Scholar
Meichenbaum, D. & Cameron, R. (1973) Training schizophrenics to talk to themselves: A means of developing attentional controls. Behavior Therapy 4:515–34. [RFA]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meiselman, K. C. (1978) Inducing “schizophrenic” associations in normal subjects. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:291–93. [taSS]Google Scholar
Meltzer, H. Y. (1979) Biology of schizophrenia subtypes: A review and proposal for method of study. Schizophrenia Bulletin 5:460–79. [FO]Google Scholar
Moran, L. J., Mefferd, R. B. Jr & Kimble, J. P. Jr. (1964) Idiodynamic sets in word association. Psychological Monographs 78, 2, whole no. 579. [LC, SRK, taSS]Google Scholar
Morgan, J. L. & Green, G. M. (1980) Pragmatics and reading comprehension. In: Theoretical issues in reading comprehension, ed. Spiro, R. J., Bruce, B. C., & Brewer, W. F.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [rSS]Google Scholar
Mosher, L. R. (1978) Can diagnosis be nonpejorative? In: The nature of schizophrenia: New approaches to research and treatment. ed. Wynne, L. C., Cromwell, R. L., & Matthysse, S.. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [taSS]Google Scholar
Nachmani, G. & Cohen, B. D. (1969) Recall and recognition free learning in schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 74:511–16. [SRK, taSS]Google Scholar
Naficy, A. & Willerman, L. (1980) Excessive yielding to normal response biases is not a distinctive sign of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:697–703. [tarSS]Google Scholar
Namyslowska, I. (1975) Thought disorders in schizophrenia before and after pharmacological treatment. Comprehensive Psychiatry 16:37–42. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Navet, M., Lavallée-Huynh, G. & Lecours, A. R. (1982) La schizographie ou l'écriture indocile. Etude franςaise 18:61–91. [ARL]Google Scholar
Neale, J. M. & Cromwell, R. L. (1972) Attention and schizophrenia. In: Annual review of the schizophrenic syndrome, vol. 2, ed. Cancro, R.. New York: Brunner/Mazel. [SRK]Google Scholar
Neale, J. M. & Oltmanns, T. F. (1980) Schizophrenia. New York; John Wiley & Sons. [RFA, KHN, TFO, taSS]Google Scholar
Nebes, R. D. (1975) The nature of internal speech in a patient with aphemia. Brain and Language 2:489–97. [FB]Google Scholar
Neuringer, C., Fiske, P. J. & Goldstein, G. (1969) Schizophrenic adherence to strong meaning associations. Perceptual and Motor Skills 29:394. [taSS]Google Scholar
Neuringer, C., Fiske, P. J., Schmidt, M. W. & Goldstein, G. (1972) Adherence to strong verbal meaning definitions in schizophrenics. Journal of Genetic Psychology 121:315–23. [taSS]Google Scholar
Neuringer, C., Kaplan, H. A. & Goldstein, G. (1974) Schizophrenic avoidance of strong meaning associations to emotional words. Journal of Genetic Psychology 124:123–29. [taSS]Google Scholar
Nuechterlein, K. H. (1982a) Signal detection in vigilance tasks and behavioral attributes among offspring of schizophrenic mothers and among hyperactive children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology [KHN]Google Scholar
Nuechterlein, K. H. (1982b) Sustained attention among children vulnerable to adult schizophrenia and among hyperactive children. In: Children at risk for schizophrenia: A longitudinal perspective, ed. Watt, N., Anthony, E. J., Wynne, L. C., & Rolf, J.. New York: Cambridge University Press. [RFA, KHN]Google Scholar
O'Brian, J. P. & Weingartner, H. (1970) Associative structure in chronic schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 22:136–42. [RFA]Google Scholar
Olson, D. R. (1970) Language and thought: Aspects of a cognitive theory of semantics. Psychological Review 77:257–81. [JGM]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oltmanns, T. F. (1978) Selective attention in schizophrenic and manic psychoses: The effect of distraction on information processing. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87:212–25. [LC, KHN, TFO]Google Scholar
Oltmanns, T. F. (in press) The effect of distraction on sensitivity to syntactic structure in schizophrenic and affective disorders. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. [TFO]Google Scholar
Oltmanns, T. F. & Neale, J. M. (1975) Schizophrenic performance when distractors are present: Attentional deficit or differential task difficulty? Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84:205–9. [LC, RGK, KHN]Google Scholar
Oltmanns, T. F. & Neale, J. M. (1978) Distractibility in relation to other aspects of schizophrenic disorder. In: Language and cognition in schizophrenia, ed. Schwartz, S.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [TFO]Google Scholar
Ombredane, A. (1951) L'Aphasie et I'elaboration de la pensée explicite. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. [FB]Google Scholar
Ostwald, P. & Zawarin, V. (1980) Language and schizophrenia in the USSR. In: Applied psycholinguistics and mental health, ed. Richer, R. W.. New York: Plenum Press. [taSS]Google Scholar
Ostwald, P. F. (1978) Language and communication problems with schizophrenic patients - a review, commentary and synthesis. In: Phenomenology and treatment of schizophrenia, ed. Fann, W. E., Karacan, I., Pokorny, A. D., & Williams, R. L.. New York: Spectrum. [taSS]Google Scholar
Ostwald, P. F. (1981) Speech and schizophrenia. In: Speech evaluation in psychiatry, ed. Darby, J.. New York: Grune & Stratton. [taSS]Google Scholar
Overall, J. E. & Hollister, L. E. (1979) Comparative evaluation of research diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry 36:1198–1205. [RAK, taSS]Google Scholar
Overall, J. E. & Woodward, J. A. (1975) Conceptual validity of a phenomenological classification of psychiatric patients. Journal of Psychiatric Research 12:215–30. [taSS]Google Scholar
Palermo, D. S. & Jenkins, J. J. (1965) Sex differences in word associations. Journal of General Psychiatry 72:77–84. [taSS]Google Scholar
Pavy, D. (1968) Verbal behaviour in schizophrenia: A review of recent studies. Psychological Bulletin 70:164–78. [taSS]Google Scholar
Payne, R. W. (1966) The measurement and significance of overinclusive thinking and retardation in schizophrenic patients. In: Psychopathology of schizophrenia, ed. Hoch, P. H., & Zubin, J.. New York: Grune & Stratton. [SRK, taSS]Google Scholar
Payne, R. W. & Friedlander, D. (1962) A short battery of simple tests for measuring overinclusive thinking. Journal of Mental Science 108:362–67. [taSS]Google Scholar
Payne, R. W. & Hirst, H. L. (1957) Overinclusive thinking in a depressive and a control group. Journal of Consulting Psychology 21:186–88. [taSS]Google Scholar
Payne, R. W., Hochberg, A. C. & Hawks, D. V. (1970) Dichotic stimulation as a method of assessing disorder of attention in overinclusive schizophrenic patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 76:185–93. [taSS]Google Scholar
Penk, W. E. (1978) Effects of ambiguous and unambiguous stimulus word differences on popular responses of schizophrenics. Journal of Clinical Psychology 34:838–43. [LC, rSS]3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pogue-Geile, M. F. & Oltmanns, T. F. (1980) Sentence perception and distractibility in schizophrenic, manic, and depressed patients. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 89:115–24. [LC, RGK, TFO, taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Posner, M. I. (1978) Chronometric explorations of mind. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [KHN, tarSS]Google Scholar
Posner, M. I. & Hanson, V. I. (1980) Analyzing spoken and written language. In: Perception and production of fluent speech, ed. Cole, R.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [JCM]Google Scholar
Rappaport, M., Hopkins, H. K. & Hall, K. (1972) Auditory signal detection in paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry 27:747–52. [KHN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rattan, R. B. & Chapman, L. J. (1973) Associative intrusions in schizophrenic verbal behaviour. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 82:169–73. [tarSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, J. L. (1970) Schizophrenic thought disorder: A review and hypothesis. Comprehensive Psychiatry 11:403–32. [taSS]Google Scholar
Ries, H. A. & Johnson, M. H. (1967) Commonality of word associations in good and poor premorbid schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 72:487–88. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rochester, S. R. (1978) Are language disorders in acute schizophrenia actually information processing problems? In: The nature of schizophrenia: New approaches to research and treatment, ed. Wynne, L. C., Cromwell, R. C., & Matthysse, S.. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [DB, KHN, TFO, taSS]Google Scholar
Rochester, S. R., Harris, J. & Seeman, M. V. (1973) Sentence processing in schizophrenic listeners. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 82:350–56. (NCA, taSS]Google Scholar
Rochester, S. R. & Martin, J. R. (1977) The art of referring: The speaker's use of noun phrases to instruct the listener. In: Discourse production and comprehesion, ed. Freedle, R. O.. Norwood, N.J.: Ablex Publishing. [HWB]Google Scholar
Rochester, S. R. & Martin, J. R. (1979) Crazy talk: A study of the discourse of schizophrenic speakers. New York: Plenum Press. [NCA, JRM, TFO, DRR, tarSS]Google Scholar
Rochester, S. R., Martin, J. R. & Thurston, S. (1977) Thought-process disorder in schizophrenia: The listener's task. Brain and Language 4:95–114. [HWB, KHN, DRR]Google Scholar
Rommetveit, R. (1974) On message structure. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [JCM]Google Scholar
Rosenberg, S. & Abbeduto, L. (1982) Adult schizophrenic language. In: Handbook of applied psycholinguistics, ed. Rosenberg, S.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [rSS]Google Scholar
Rosenthal, D. & Kety, S. (1968) The transmission of schizophrenia. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. [rSS]Google Scholar
Rosenzweig, M. R. (1964) Word associations of French workmen: Comparisons with associations of French students and American workmen and students. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 3:57–69. [taSS]Google Scholar
Rümke, H. C. & Nijam, S. J. (1958) Aphasia and delusion. Folia Psychiatrica, Neurologica et Neurochirurgica Neerlandica 61:623–29. [FB]Google ScholarPubMed
Russell, P. N. & Beekhuis, M. E. (1976) Organization in memory, a comparison of psychotics and normals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:527–34. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, W. A. & Meseck, O. R. (1959) Der Einfluss der Assoziation auf das Erinnern von Worten in der deutschen, französischen und englischen Sprache. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie 6:191–211. [taSS]Google Scholar
Rutschmann, J., Comblatt, B. & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (1977) Sustained attention in children at risk for schizophrenia: Report on a continuous performance test. Archives of General Psychiatry 34:571–75. [KHN]Google Scholar
Rutter, D. R. (1979) The reconstruction of schizophrenic speech. British Journal of Psychiatry 134:356–59. [taSS]Google Scholar
Rutter, D. R. (1981) The reconstruction of schizophrenic speech. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society 34:25. [DRR]Google Scholar
Rutter, D. R. (1982) Language in schizophrenia: The structure of conversations. Bulletin of the British Psychological Society 35:30. [DRR]Google Scholar
Rutter, D. R., Draffan, J. & Davies, J. (1977) Thought disorder and the predictability of schizophrenic speech. British Journal of Psychiatry 131:67–68. [taSS]Google Scholar
Rutter, D. R., Wishner, J. & Callaghan, B. A. (1975) The prediction and predictability of speech in schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 126:571–76. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rutter, D. R., Wishner, J., Kopytynska, L. & Button, M. (1978) The predictability of speech in schizophrenic patients. British Journal of Psychiatry 132:228–32. [taSS]Google Scholar
Saccuzzo, D. P. & Braff, D. L. (1981) Early information processing deficit in schizophrenia: New findings using schizophrenic subgroups and manic control subjects. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:175–79. [KHN]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salzinger, K. (1973) Schizophrenia: Behavioral aspects. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [SRK]Google Scholar
Salzinger, K. & Pisoni, S. (1958) Reinforcement of affect responses of schizophrenics during the clinical interview. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 57:84–90. [taSS)Google Scholar
Salzinger, K. & Pisoni, S. (1961) Some parameters of the conditioning of verbal affect responses in schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 63:511–16. [taSS]Google Scholar
Salzinger, K., Portnoy, S. & Feldman, R. S. (1964) Verbal behavior of schizophrenic and normal subjects. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 105:845–60. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Salzinger, K., Portnoy, S. & Feldman, R. S. (1966) Verbal behavior in schizophrenics and some comments toward a theory of schizophrenia. In: Psychopathology of schizophrenia, ed. Hoch, P. H., & Zubin, J.. New York: Grime & Stratton. [taSS]Google Scholar
Salzinger, K., Portnoy, S. & Feldman, R. S. (1978) Communicability deficit in schizophrenics resulting from a more general deficit. In: Language and cognition in schizophrenia, ed. Schwartz, S.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [EC, DRR, taSS]Google Scholar
Salzinger, K., Portnoy, S. & Feldman, R. S. (1979) The predictability of speech in schizophrenic patients (letter to the editor). British Journal of Psychiatry 135:286–87. [taSS]Google Scholar
Salzinger, K., Portnoy, S., Pisoni, D. B. & Feldman, R. S. (1970) The immediacy hypothesis and response-produced stimuli in schizophrenic speech. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 76:258–64. [taSS]Google Scholar
Sandifer, M. G., Petlos, C. & Quade, D. (1964) A study of psychiatric diagnosis. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 139:350–56. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sarbin, T. R. (1977) Conte.xtualism: A world view for psychology. In: Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Personal construct psychology, ed. Landfield, A. W., pp. 1–41. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. [JCM]Google Scholar
Sarbin, T. R. & Mancuso, J. C. (1980) Schizophrenia: Medical diagnosis or moral verdict? Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. [JCM]Google Scholar
Saussure, F. de (1915) Cours de linguistique générale. Paris: Payot. [FB, taSS]Google Scholar
Saussure, F. de (1959) Course in general linguistics (1915). New York: Philosophical Library. [JL]Google Scholar
Schegloff, E. A., Jefferson, G. & Sacks, H. (1977) The preference for self-correction in the organization of repair in conversation. Language 53:361–82. [EC]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlesinger, I. M., Forte, M., Fried, B. & Melkman, R. (1965) Stuttering, information load and response strength. Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders 30:32–36. [BDC]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. (1974) Arousal and recall: Effects of noise on two retrieval strategies. Journal of Experimental Psychology 102:896–98. [rSS]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. (1978a) Do schizophrenics give rare word associations? Schizophrenia Bulletin 4:248–50. [SRK, tarSS]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. (1978b) Language and cognition in schizophrenia. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [JKD, RAK, tarSS]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. (1978c) Schizophrenic language and cognition: A review and synthesis. In: Language and cognition in schizophrenia, ed. Schwartz, S.. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [JKD]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. (1981) Verbal ability, attention and automaticity. In: Intelligence and learning, ed. Friedman, M., Das, J. P., & O'Connor, N., New York: Plenum Press. [rSS]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. & Dalgliesh, L. (1982) Statistical inference in personality research. Journal of Besearch in Personality, in press. [rSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, S. & Johnson, J. H. (1981) Psychopathology of childhood. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. [rSS]Google Scholar
Schwartz, S. & Kirsner, K. (1982) Laterality effects in visual informationprocessing: Hemispheric specialisation or the orienting of attention? Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 34A:61–77. [rSS]Google Scholar
Sechehaye, M. A. (1951) Symbolic realisation. New York: International Universities Press. [DB]Google Scholar
Senf, R., Huston, P. E. & Cohen, B. D. (1955) Thinking deficit in schizophrenia and changes with amytal. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 50:383–87. [SRK]Google Scholar
Shakow, D. (1979) Adaptation in schizophrenia: The theory of segmental sets. New York: Wiley-Interscience. [SRK]Google Scholar
Shapiro, A. K., Shapiro, E. S., Brown, R. D. & Sweet, R. D. (1978) Gities de la Tourette syndrome. New York: Raven Press. [rSS]Google Scholar
Sheehan, S. (1981) A reporter at large (Creedmore, pt. 1). New Yorker, 25 05. [taSS]Google Scholar
Shiffrin, R. M. & Schneider, W. (1977) Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review 84:127–90. [KHN]Google Scholar
Siegel, A., Harrow, H., Reilly, F. E. & Tucker, G. J. (1976) Loose associations and disordered speech patterns in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 162:105–12. [RFA]Google Scholar
Silverberg-Shalev, R., Gordon, H. W., Bentin, S. & Aranson, A. (1981) Selective language deterioration in chronic schizophrenia. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 44:547–51. [FO]Google Scholar
Singer, M. T. & Wynne, L. C. (1966) Communication styles in parents of normals, neurotics and schizophrenics. Psychiatric Research Reports 20:25–38. [taSS]Google Scholar
Slobin, D. (1979) Psycholinguistics. 2d ed.Oakland, N.J.: Scott, Foresman and Co. [EC]Google Scholar
Smith, E. E. (1970) Associative and editing processes in schizophrenic communication. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 76:182–86. [taSS]Google Scholar
Sommer, R., Dewar, R. & Osmond, H. (1960) Is there a schizophrenic language? Archives of Ceneral Psychiatry 3:665–73. [taSS]Google Scholar
Space, L. G., Nideffer, R. F., Cromwell, R. L. & Dwyer, P. (1982) Choice reaction time in good and poor premorbid schizophrenics. In prep. [RLC]Google Scholar
Spence, J. T. & Lair, C. V. (1965) Associative interference in the paired associate learning of remitted and nonremitted schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 70:119–22. [RFA]Google Scholar
Spence, J. T. & Spence, K. W. (1966) The motivational components of manifest anxiety: Drive and drive stimuli. In: Anxiety and behavior, ed. Spielberger, C. D.. New York: Academic Press. [RFA]Google Scholar
Sperry, R. (1968) Hemisphere disconnection and unity in conscious awareness. American Psychologist 23:723–33. [taSS]Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Endicott, J. & Robins, E. (1978) Research diagnostic criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of Ceneral Psychiatry 35:773–82. [JCM. taSS]Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L. & Fleiss, J. L. (1974) A reanalysis of the reliability of psychiatric diagnosis. British Journal of Psychology 125:341–47. [JCM, taSS]Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Forman, J. B. W. & Nee, J. (1979) DSM-I1I field trials: Initial interrater diagnostic ability. American Journal of Psychiatry 136:815–17. [KMC, taSS]Google Scholar
Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W. & Skodol, A. E. (1980) DSM-III: The major achievements and an overview. American Journal of Psychiatry 137:151–64. [JCM]Google Scholar
Steingart, I. & Freedman, N. (1976) The organization of body-focused kinesic behavior and language construction in schizophrenic and depressed states. In: Psychoanalysis and contemporary science, vol. 4, ed. Spence, D. P.. New York: International Universities Press. [WW]Google Scholar
Stilson, D. W. & Kopell, B. S. (1964) The recognition of visual signals in the presence of visual noise by psychiatric patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 139:209–21. [KHN]Google Scholar
Stilson, D. W., Kopell, B. S., Vandenbergh, R. & Downs, M. P. (1966) Perceptual recognition in the presence of noise by psychiatric patients. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 142:235–47. [KHN]Google Scholar
Straube, E. R. (1979) On the meaning of electrodermal nonresponding in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 167:601–11. [DRH]Google Scholar
Straube, E., Barth, U. & Konig, B. (1979) Do schizophrenics use linguistic rules in speech recall? British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 18:407–15. [TFO]Google Scholar
Strauss, J. S. & Carpenter, W. T. (1972) The prediction of outcome in schizophrenia: 1. Characteristics of outcome. Archives of General Psychiatry 27:739–46. [RAK]Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1944) The language of schizophrenia. In: Language and thought in schizophrenia, ed. Kasanin, J. S.. New York: Norton. [taSS]Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953) The interpersonal theory of psychiatry. New York: Norton. [CN]Google Scholar
Szasz, T. S. (1960) The myth of mental illness. American Psychologist, 15:113–18. [rSS]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, E. J. & Mueller, B. (1969) Appendectomy: Diagnostic criteria and hospital performance. Hospital Practice 4:72. [taSS]Google Scholar
Thorndike, L. L. & Lorge, I. (1944) The teacher's word book of 30,000 words. New York: Columbia University Press. [FO]Google Scholar
Traupmann, K. L. (1975) Effects of categorization and imagery on recognition and recall by process and reactive schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 84:307–14. [SRK]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Traupmann, K. L., Berzofsky, M. & Kesselman, M. (1976) Encoding of taxonomic word categories by schizophrenics. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 85:350–55. [taSS]CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Truscott, T. P. (1970) Contextual constraint and schizophrenic language. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 35:189–94. [taSS]Google Scholar
Tschudi, F. & Rommetveit, R. (1982) Sociality, intersubjectivity, and social processes: The sociality corollary. In: The construing person, ed. Mancuso, J. C., & Adams-Webber, J. R., pp. 235–61. New York: Praeger.Google Scholar
Ullmann, L. P., Krasner, C. & Edinger, R. L. (1964) Verbal conditioning of common associations in long-term schizophrenic patients. Behavior Research and Therapy 2:15–18. [taSS]Google Scholar
Underwood, G. (1978) Concepts in information processing theory. In: Strategies of information processing, ed. Underwood, G.. London: Academic Press. [DRH]Google Scholar
Van Dijk, T. A. (1972) Some aspects of text grammars. The Hague: Mouton. [JRM]Google Scholar
Van Dijk, T. A. (1980) Macrostructures: An interdisciplinary study of global structures in discourse, interaction, and cognition. Hillsdale, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. [EC, JCM]Google Scholar
Von Domarus, E. (1944) The specific laws of logic in schizophrenia. In: Language and thought in schizophrenia, ed. Kasanin, J. S.. New York: Norton. [taSS, KZ]Google Scholar
Vonnegut, M. (1976) The Eden express New York: Bantam Books. [EC]Google Scholar
Vygotsky, L. S. (1962) Thought and language. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. [RFA, FB, WW]Google Scholar
Walker, E. (1981) Attentional and neuromotor functions of schizophrenics, schizoaffectives, and patients with other affective disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 38:1355–58. [KHN, rSS]Google Scholar
Weintraub, W. (1981) Verbal behavior; Adaptation and psychopathology. New York: Springer. [WW]Google Scholar
West, R. (1958) An agnostic's speculations about stuttering. In: Stuttering: A symposium, ed. Eisenson, J.. New York: Harper. [BDC]Google Scholar
Wickens, D. D. (1972) Characteristics of word encoding. In: Coding processes in human memory, ed. Melton, A. W., & Martin, E.. Washington, D.C.: Winston & Sons. [SRK]Google Scholar
Williams, E. B. (1964) Deductive reasoning in schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 69:47–61. [taSS]Google Scholar
Williams, R. M., Hemsley, D. R. & Denning-Duke, C. (1976) Language behavior in acute and chronic schizophrenics. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 15:73–83. [DRH, rSS]Google Scholar
Wing, J. K. (1978) The social context of schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 135:1333–38. [taSS]Google Scholar
Wishner, J. & Wahl, O. (1974) Dichotic listening in schizophrenia. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 42:538–46. [RAK, taSS]Google Scholar
Wohlberg, G. & Kornetsky, C. (1973) Sustained attention in remitted schizophrenics. Archives of General Psychiatry 28:533–37. [RFA]Google Scholar
Woods, W. L. (1938) Language study in schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 87:290–316. [BDC]Google Scholar
Wreschner, A. (1907) Die Reproduktion und Assoziation von Vorstellungen. Zeitschrift für Psychologie und Physiologie 3:1–599. [taSS]Google Scholar
Yusin, A., Nihira, K. & Mortashed, C. (1974) Major and minor criteria in schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 131:688–92. [taSS]Google Scholar
Zaimov, K. (1973) Paralogical thinking. Nevrologia, psihiatria i nevrohirurgia (Sofia) 12:267–72 (in Bulgarian). [KZ]Google Scholar
Zaimov, K. (1981a) Affective paraadaptive reactions of the personality. Sofia, Medicina i Fizkultura (in Bulgarian). [KZ]Google Scholar
Zaimov, K. (1981b) Associative process in semantic jargon and in schizophrenic language. In: Jargonaphasia, ed. Brown, J. W., pp. 151–68. New York: Academic Press. [KZ]Google Scholar
Zaimov, K., Geranliev, B., Beltehev, D. & Zaimova, S. (1960) Some observations on the process of thinking of chronic schizophrenic patients in the course of occupational therapy. Words of the High Medical Institute of Sofia 39:115–32 (in Bulgarian). [KZ]Google Scholar
Zubin, J. & Spring, B. (1977) Vulnerability – A new view of schizophrenia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 86:103–26. [TFO]Google Scholar