Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T03:47:32.812Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Slovaks: an Integrating or a Disintegrating Force?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Ľudovít Holotík
Ľudovít Holotík
Affiliation:
Historical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Because of the various factors in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy which retarded the development of Slovak culture and science, Slovak historians have, on the whole, only during the past few decades begun to examine historical problems from a broad perspective. Consequently, it is by no mere accident that the problem to which part of the attention of this conference is being devoted—the Slovak political movement as a disintegrating force in the Habsburg monarchy—is relatively new to Slovak historiography. Until now it has not been examined from a broad perspective, if only because of the many different historical, political, social, and economic ingredients which were involved in turning nationalism into a significant disintegrating force. Slovak writers have, however, made various studies of the nationality problem—a problem which has ever since the eighteenth century been the most sensitive issue in Slovak history. Certain of these studies have thrown light on both the integrating and disintegrating: forces of the monarchy—two forces which are realy interdependent.

Type
The Slovaks, Ukrainians (Ruthenians), Rumanians, and Italians
Information
Austrian History Yearbook , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , January 1967 , pp. 365 - 393
Copyright
Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 1967

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 See his K počiatkom mad'arìzácie [On the Beginnings of Magyarization], Vol. I: Vývoj rečovej otázky v Uhorsku v rokoch 1740–1790 [The Development of the Language Question in Hungary from 1740 to 1790]; Vol. II: Prvé zákony mad'arizačne 1790–1792 [The First Magyarization Laws, 1790–1792] (Bratislava: Čs. zemedelské muzeum, 1927–1931).Google Scholar

2 Rapant, Daniel, Ilegálna mad'arizácia (1790–1840) [Illegal Magyarization (1790–1840)] (Martin: Matica slovenská, 1947).Google Scholar

3 Rapant, Daniel, Slovenský prestolný prosbopis z roku 1842 [The Slovak Petition of 1842] (2 vols., Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš: Tranoscius, 1943).Google Scholar

4 Rapant, Daniel, Slovenské povstanie roku 1848–49 [The Slovak Uprising in 1848–49] (Vol. I, Pts. 1 and 2, Turč. Sv. Martin: Matica slovenská, 1937Google Scholar; Vol. II, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, Turč. Sv. Martin: Matica slovenská, 1948–50; Vol. III, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1956–58; Vol. IV, Pts. 1, 2, and 3, Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1961–63).

5 See ibid., Vol. IV, Pt. 1.

6 See ibid., p. 768.

7 Rapant, Daniel, Tatrin. Osudy a zápasy [Tatrín. Destiny and Struggle] (Martin: Matica slovenská, 1950).Google Scholar

8 Rapant, Daniel, Viedeńské memorandum slovenské z roku 1861 [The Slovak Memorandum to Vienna of 1861] (Turč. Sv. Martin: Matica slovenská, 1943).Google Scholar

9 Bokes, František, Vývin predstáv o slovenskom územi v 19. storačí [The Development of Ideas concerning a Slovak Territory in the Nineteenth Century] (Martin: Matica slovenská, 1945).Google Scholar

10 With much insight, Robert A. Kann observes that from the beginning of the nineteenth century the Slovaks were among the most oppressed peoples of the monarchy. See his Das Nationalitätenproblem der Habsburgermonarchie 1848–1918 (2 vols., Graz: H. Böhlaus Nachf., 1964), Vol. I, pp. 274–284.Google Scholar

11 Bokes, František, Pokusy o Slovensko-Mad'arské vyrovnanie v rokoch 1861–68 [Attempts at a Slovak-Hungarian Settlement from 1861 to 1868] (Turč. Sv. Martin: Matica slovenská, 1941).Google Scholar

12 Seton-Watson, R. W., Racial Problems in Hungary (London: Archibald Constable and Co., 1908).Google Scholar

13 See especially Dějiny Slovenska [History of Slovakia], Pt. I: Od najstarších čias do roku 1848 [From the Earliest Times to 1848], edited by Ludovít Holotík and Ján Tibenský (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1961).

14 See his Manufaktúrne obdobie na Slovensku, 1725–1825 [The Manufacturing Period in Slovakia, 1725–1826] (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1961).Google Scholar

15 See his Vývoj priemyselnej výroby na Slovensku v prvej polovici 19. storočia [The Development of Industrial Production in Slovakía in the First Half of the Nineteenth Century] (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1961).Google Scholar

16 Janšák, Štefan, Slovensko v dobe uhorského feudalizmu [Slovakia during the Period of Hungarian Feudalism] (Bratislava: Čs. zemedelské muzeum, 1932).Google Scholar

17 Zwitter, Fran, Nacionalni problemi v habsburški monarhiji [Nationality Problems in the Habsburg Monarchy] (Ljubljana: Slovenska Matica, 1962).Google Scholar

18 Svetoň, Ján, Obyvatel'stvo Slovenska za kapitalizmu [The Population of Slovakia under Capitalism] (Bratislava: Slovenské vydavatel'stvo politickej literatúry, 1958).Google Scholar

19 Hodža, Milan, Čeakoslovenaký rozkol [The Czechoslovak Disunion] (Turč. Sv. Martin: Vlastný nákladom, 1920).Google Scholar

20 Macůrek, Josef, Dějiny Mad'arů a, uherského státu [The History of the Magyars and the Hungarian State] (Prague: Melantrich, 1934).Google Scholar

21 Bokes, František, Obyvatel'stvo Slovenska na konci 18. storočiaGoogle Scholar [The Population of Slovakia at the End of the Eighteenth Century]. In Sbornik Muzeálnej slovenskej spoločnosti, Vols. XXXIV–XXXV (Turč. Sv. Martin: Kníhtlačiarsky úč. spolok, 1940–1941).Google Scholar

22 See his Slavismus a Pseudomagyarismus [Slavism and Pseudo-Magyarism] (Leipzig:: Wigand, 1842).Google Scholar

23 K počiatkom slovenského národného obrodenia [The Beginnings of the Slovak National Revival]. Collected Studies of the Historical Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences on the Occasion of the 200th Anniversary of Anton Bernolák's Birth (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1964).

24 Tibenský, Ján, “Bernolák's Influence on the Origins of the Slovak Awakening,” Studia Historica Slovaca, Vol. II (1964), pp. 140–189.Google Scholar

25 See his Dějiny slovenského jazyka a, literatúry všetkých nárečí [The History of the Slavonic Language and Literature in all Dialects] (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1963).Google Scholar

26 Kollár, Ján, O literárnej vzájomnosti [On Literary Mutuality] (2 vols., Bratislava: Slovenská akadémia vied, 1954), Vol. II, pp. 109–184.Google Scholar

27 See, for instance, ibid., p. 109.

28 Locher, Theodor J., Die nationale Differenzierung und Integrierung (Haarlem: H. D. Tjeenk Willink and Zoon N/V, 1931).Google Scholar

29 von Thun, Leo, Die Stellung der Slowaken in Ungarn (Prague: A. Špinka, 1843).Google Scholar

30 Butvin, Jozef, “Martin Hamuljak and the Fundamental Problems of the Slovak National Revival,” Studia Historica Slovaca, Vol. III (1965), pp. 135–172.Google Scholar

31 Ormis, Ján V., “Slovenské národné obrany v rokoch 1832–1848” [Slovak National Defenses in the Years 1832–1848], Historický časopis, Vol. XI (1963), pp. 552–579.Google Scholar

32 Dokumenty k slovenakému národnému hnutiu v rokoch 1848–1914 [Documents on the Slovak National Movement from 1848 to 1914], Vol. I (1848–1867)Google Scholar, compiled and annotated by František Bokes (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1962); Mésároš, Július, Rol'nícka a národnostná otázka na Slovensku 1848–1900, K problematike feudálnych prežitkov [The Peasant and the National Question in Slovakia from 1848 to 1900. The Problem of Feudal Survivals] (Bratislava: Osveta, 1959).Google Scholar

33 Goláň, Karol, “Príspevok k vývoju slovenskej politickej myšlienky” [A Contribution to the Development of Slovak Political Thought], Historica Slovaca, Vol. I–II (1940–1941), pp. 270–286.Google Scholar

34 Čejchan, Václav, Bakunin v Čechách [Bakunin in Bohemia] (Prague: Vojenský archív RČS, 1928), pp. 34–35.Google Scholar

35 Andics, Erzsébet, A Habsburgok és Romanovok szövetége. Az 1849 évi magyarorszégi cári intervenció diplomáciai előtörténete [The Alliance of the Habsburgs and Romanovs. The Preliminary Diplomatic History of the Tsarist Intervention in Hungary in 1849] (Budapest: Akadémia Kiadó, 1961), pp. 82–85.Google Scholar

36 Published in Bratislava in 1931 by Šafárikova učená spoločnost'.

37 Holotík, Ludovít, “Memorandum slovenského národa z r. 1861” [The Memorandum of the Slovak Nation in 1861], Historicitý časopis, Vol. XI (1963), pp. 3–30.Google Scholar

38 Kostický, Bohumír, Nová škala slovenská. Príspevok k problematike národnostnej otázky v Uhorsku v druhej polovici 19. stor. [The New Slovak School. Contributions to the Study of the Nationality Question in the Second Half of the Ninteenth Century] (Bratislava: Vydavatel'-stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1959).Google Scholar

39 Dokumenty k slovenskému národnému hnutiu v rokoch 1848–1914 [Documents on the Slovak National Movement from 1848 to 1914], Vol. II (1867–1884)Google Scholar, compiled and annotated by František Bokes (Bratislava: Vydavatel'stvo Slovenskej akadémie vied, 1965).