Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T12:26:13.241Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Contributions to urban Indigenous self-determination: the story of Neeginan and Kaupapa Māori

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2020

Darwin Horning*
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Planning, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
Beth Baumbrough
Affiliation:
School of Environmental Planning, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, British Columbia, Canada
*
Author for correspondence: Darwin Horning, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

This paper considers two different Indigenous-led initiatives, the Neeginan initiative (Winnipeg, Canada) and the Kaupapa Māori movement (New Zealand), within the context of urban Indigenous self-determination, examining the role, or contributions of, each towards the realisation of Indigenous self-determination. Neeginan originates from, and focuses on, building a sense of community, through education programs, social assistance and affordable housing, with local Indigenous knowledge providing the foundational guiding principles. This is compared to the Kaupapa Māori movement's role in the revival of traditional cultural and language practices in education, which has resulted in the development of an overwhelmingly successful parallel non-government school system based on Māori culture, language and philosophy.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Albers, G (2015) Treaties 1 and 2. [online] The Canadian Encyclopedia. Available at http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/treaties-1-and-2/.Google Scholar
Alfred, T (2009) Colonialism and state dependency. Journal of Aboriginal Health 5, 4260.Google Scholar
Alfred, T (2015) Cultural strength: restoring the place of Indigenous knowledge in practice and policy. Australian Aboriginal Studies 1, 311.Google Scholar
Alfred, T and Corntassel, J (2005) Being Indigenous: resurgences against contemporary colonialism. Government and Opposition 40, 597614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bear, T and Andersen, C (2017). Three years later, is Canada keeping its Truth and Reconciliation Commission promises? The Globe and Mail. Available at The Globe and Mail website: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/three-years-later-is-canada-keeping-its-truth-and-reconciliation-commission-promises/article34790925/.Google Scholar
CAHRD (2018) CAHRD Annual Report 2015–2018 Final ASETS Extension Years. Available at http://cahrd.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/CAHRD_AR-2015-2018.pdf.Google Scholar
Calman, R (2012) Māori education—mātauranga, Te Ara. The Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Available at https://teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/printGoogle Scholar
Cash, M (2015). $500,000 A Good Investment. Money Got Centre Rolling. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Winnipeg Free Press. Available at https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/breakingnews/500000-a-good-investment-295128721.html.Google Scholar
CBC News (2012) National Aboriginal Health Organization's funding cut. Available at CBC official website: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/national-aboriginal-health-organization-s-funding-cut-1.1194520.Google Scholar
City of Winnipeg (2008) South Point Douglas Neighbourhood. [PDF] Winnipeg, pp. 161. Available at http://winnipeg.ca/ppd/planning/Secondary_Plans/SouthPointDouglas/SPD_nhbd_inv.pdf.Google Scholar
Christensen, I (2001) Ko te Whare Whakamana: Māori Language Revitalisation (PhD thesis). Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.Google Scholar
Circle of Life Thunderbird House (2018) Available at Circle of Life Thunderbird House website: https://thunderbirdhouse.ca/about/.Google Scholar
Craft, A (2011) Breathing Life into the Stone Fort Treaty (Master's thesis). University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.Google Scholar
Crookshanks, JD (2012) Urban housing and Aboriginal governance. In Newhouse, D, FitzMaurice, K, McGuire-Adams, T, and Jetté, D (eds), Well-Being in the Urban Aboriginal Community. Toronto, Canada: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc, pp. 5572.Google Scholar
Dobbie, D (2018) Neeginan centre a catalyst for change. Manitoba Post. Available at Manitoba Post website: https://www.manitobapost.com/national-news/neeginan-centre-a-catalyst-for-change-114020.Google Scholar
Durie, M (2012) Interview. Kaupapa Māori: shifting the social. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 47, 2129.Google Scholar
Environics Institute (2010) Urban Aboriginal Peoples Study. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Environics Institute.Google Scholar
Fontaine, T (2015) For Indigenous people, inquiries can fuel change—but only if governments act. Available at CBC website: https://www.cbc.ca/news/aboriginal/indigenous-peoples-inquiry-analysis-1.3354869.Google Scholar
Government of Canada (1996) Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Report of the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Vol. 5: Renewal: A Twenty-Year Commitment. Available at Government of Canada website: http://data2.archives.ca/e/e448/e011188230-05.pdf.Google Scholar
Government of Canada (2017) Government of Canada sets a principled foundation for advancing renewed relationships with Indigenous peoples based on the recognition of rights. Available at: Government of Canada website: https://www.canada.ca/en/department-justice/news/2017/07/government_of_canadasetsaprincipledfoundationforadvancingrenewed.html?wbdisable=true.Google Scholar
Government of Canada (2019) Truth and reconciliation commission of Canada. Available at Government of Canada website: https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1450124405592/1529106060525.Google Scholar
Henry, E and Pene, H (2001) Kaupapa Māori: locating Indigenous ontology, epistemology and methodology in the academy. Organization 8, 234242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heritz, J (2012) Urban Aboriginal self-determination in Toronto. In Newhouse, D, FitzMaurice, K, McGuire-Adams, T and Jetté, D (eds), Well-being in the Urban Aboriginal Community: Fostering Biimaadiziwin, a National Research Conference on Urban Aboriginal Peoples. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc, pp. 4354.Google Scholar
Hildebrand, J (2012) Our place, our home: Indigenous planning, urban space, and decolonization in Winnipeg, Manitoba. Available at http://prxy.lib.unbc.ca/login?url=https://search-proquest-com.prxy.lib.unbc.ca/docview/1506937619?accountid=14601.Google Scholar
Leo, C (2011) Funding or dividing Aboriginal communities? A Winnipeg case study. Policy Options 43, 8791.Google Scholar
Mane, J (2009) Kaupapa Māori: a community approach. Mai Review 3, 9.Google Scholar
Murphy, P (2016) A case study on the Neeginan learning and literacy centre in Winnipeg. Manitoba. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 36, 189206.Google Scholar
National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls (no date) Reclaiming Power and Place: The Final Report of the National Inquiry into Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls. Available at https://www.mmiwg-ffada.ca/final-report.Google Scholar
Neeginan Centre (2018) Available at Neeginan Centre website: https://neeginancentre.com/.Google Scholar
Nepe, TM (1991) E Hao Nei E Tenei Reanga, Te Toi Huarewa Tipuna: Kaupapa Maori, an Educational Intervention System (Masters thesis). University of Auckland.Google Scholar
O'Toole, D (2008) Métis claims to ‘Indian’ title in Manitoba, 1860–1870. Canadian Journal of Native Studies 2, 241270.Google Scholar
Palmer, G (2013) Māori, the Treaty and the Constitution. Māori Law Review, Victoria University of Wellington Legal Research Paper Series Palmer Paper No. 28. Available at http://Māorilawreview.co.nz/2013/06/Māori-the-treaty-and-the-constitution-rt-hon-sir-geoffrey-palmer-qc/.Google Scholar
Paul, A (2017) A Quiet Success Story Downtown Indigenous Campus Celebrates 25 Years of Getting People on the Right Track. Winnipeg, Manitoba: Winnipeg Free Press. Available at https://www.winnipegfreepress.com/local/a-quiet-success-story-462916713.html.Google Scholar
Picard, A (2018) Harper's disregard for Aboriginal health. Available at Globe and Mail official website: https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/harpers-disregard-for-aboriginal-health/article4223490/.Google Scholar
Rata, E and Tamati, T (2013) The effect of Indigenous politics on English language provision in New Zealand's Māori schools. Journal of Language Identity & Education 12, 262276.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reynolds, T (1990) The treaty today—What went wrong and what are we doing about it? Available at https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/the-treaty-today-what-went-wrong-and-what-are-we-doing-about-it.Google Scholar
Saint Elizabeth Health Care (2018) Naho publications and resources. Available at First Nations, Inuit & Métis Program website: https://fnim.sehc.com/se-learning/naho-publications-and-resources.Google Scholar
Smith, GH (2003) Indigenous struggle for the transformation of education and schooling. Keynote Address to the Alaskan Federation of Natives (AFN) Convention. Anchorage Alaska, U.S. Available at http://www.ankn.uaf.edu/curriculum/Articles/GrahamSmith/.Google Scholar
Spear, WK (2014) Aboriginal healing foundation closes after 16 years of operation. Available at Aboriginal Healing Foundation website: http://www.ahf.ca/downloads/september-29-2014-press-release.pdf.Google Scholar
Taylor, J (1983) An historical introduction to Metis claims in Canada. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies III 1, 151181.Google Scholar
Tocker, K (2015) The origins of kura kaupapa Māori. New Zealand Journal of Educational Studies 50, 2338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Troian, M (2016) 20 years since Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, still waiting for change. Available at CBC website: https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/20-year-anniversary-of-rcap-report-1.3469759.Google Scholar
UNESCO (2010) Reaching the Marginalized: EFA Global Monitoring Report, 2010. Paris, France: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization.Google Scholar
United Nations (2008) United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Retrieved from United Nations website: https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/DRIPS_en.pdf.Google Scholar
Van Meijl, T (2006) Multiple identifications and the dialogical self: urban Māori youngsters and the cultural renaissance. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 12, 917933.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, A (1991) Interpreting the Treaty of Waitangi: the Māori resurgence and race relations in New Zealand. The Contemporary Pacific 3, 85113. Available at http://www.jstor.org.prxy.lib.unbc.ca/stable/23701489.Google Scholar
Wurm, SA (1991) Language death and disappearance: causes and circumstances. Diogenes 39, 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar