^{page 318 note [a]} Tuscul. Disput. 1. I, 12.

^{page 319 note [b]} Ciampini Vetera Monumenta, vol. I. p. 9 Romæ, 1690.

^{page 319 note [c]} Lib. II.

^{page 319 note [d]} For keeping the ornaments, the sacred vessels, and other things necessary in the Holy ministry. It is thus also the churches of the Greeks are represented. Le Brun, vol. II. p. 9.

^{page 319 note [e]} Histor. Ecd. lib. X.

^{page 320 note [f]} In his “Explication simple, litérale, et historique, des céiémonies de I'Eglise.” Tom. III. Paris, 1713. See Plate XIV. See also the explanation at the énd.

In Bingham's Antiquities of the Chnstian Church, vol. III. p 511. 8vo edit, there is a plan of an ancient church, with its exedræ, as described by Eusebius; and at p. 148, there are four plans of antient churches with the under-written titles*; but in not one of these plans are there three seats situated on the South side of the altar, corresponding to those marked by the letters A. B. C. according to the description of M. Claud de Vert. S. D.

* Ichnographia Templorum Orientalem.

… ….. Beveregii.

… ….. Leon's Allatii.

… ….. partis interioris S. Sophiæ.

^{page 321 note [g]} Ut Episcopus in ecclesia in consessu clericorum sublimior sedeat. Summa Concil. 152. Parisiis, 1645.

^{page 321 note [h]} Here a reference is evidently made to the apostolic constitutions., attributed to St. Clement the first, bishop of Rome, though not earlier than the fourth century; but had this custom there mentioned not been equally in use when Durand lived, it is highly improbable it would have been noticed in his writings, undertaken for the instruction of his own time.

^{page 321 note [i]} Durandi Rationale, lib. II. c. xi. n. 2. Lugduni, 1612.

^{page 322 note [k]} Durand, ib. lib. IV. c. xviii. n. I.

^{page 322 note [l]} Tom 111. p. 38.

^{page 323 note [m]} Voyages Liturgiques de France, par le sieur de Moleon, vol. XLV. à Paris, 1718.Google Scholar

^{page 323 note [n]} II paroit par l'ordre Romain, et par ce que dit Durand, en son Rational Liv. cap. 18, qu'au rit Romain l'Evesque, assis à costé de l'autel, regardoit pareillement le peuple. De Vert, vol. IV. p. 26.

Should this be the sense of Durand, the foregoing citations from him may not fully answer their intended désign, but shew that the mode of fixing a chair of state for the bishop, by the side of the altar, was in use in his time.

^{page 323 note [o]} De Vert, vol. IV. p. 26.

^{page 324 note [p]} Voyages Liturg, p. 267.

^{page 324 note [q]} De Vert, vol. IV, p. 25.

^{page 324 note [r]} Blomefield's Norfolk, History of Norwich, p. 510.

^{page 324 note [s]} Somner's History of Canterbury, Appendix, Scriptura xvj.

^{page 324 note [t]} Sedes lignea. Ibid.

^{page 325 note [u]} Secies marmorea.

^{page 325 note [w]} The great length of the presbytery, in the cathedral church at Rochester, was, on another occasion, attempted to be accounted for, by supposing the altar to have been isolated for the sake of the Monks surrounding it in procession; but when it is considered, this cathedral, as well as those at Canterbury and London, owe their first foundations to the pious munisicence of our Saxon Ethelbert, and were constructed under the immediate inspection of Roman monks, it may not be out of the way to suppose the high altar and episcopal seat to have had, originally, a like situation in each of these famous cities, where also the cathedrals seem to have been rebuilt by their first Norman bishops, and to have undergone their several vast subsequent repairs; and thus the placing these particulars In our metropolitan church, as they continued to the time of the reformation, may suggest their situation in the other two, till the same period; nor is the monument of a bishop in the presbytery at Rochester of any moment, when the place of the shrine of St. Blaze is considered; and, if the spot formerly occupied by the altar was to be pointed out, it might be, with but little room for hesitation, assigned to the middle of the sanstuary, opposite the head of this tomb, which then lay between it and the episcopal chair: the Situation of the triple seat, which would have been at so unusual a distance from the altar, if ever against the East wall of the presbytery, adds weight to this conjecture.

^{page 327 note [x]} Cardinalis ipse mox aderat a loco sansto visitationem auspicaturus, ubique e sugestu vel sede super arae gradum posita sacris alloquiis populos instruebat; ministrabit eis Eucharistæ sacramentam, ecclesiae novellos milites chrismate sacro inungebat. Vita Cardinalis Bellarmini Capuæ Episcopi, p. 289. Antweipiæ, 1631.

^{page 329 note [x]} See Gavanti Commentaria in Ruhricas, p. 2. tit. iii, No. II. viz. De prncipio missaæ et consessione sacienda; et Archæology vol. X. p. 305. et feq.

^{page 329 note [y]} Selon le cérémoniale de Bursfield. L'Abbé assis à l'autel doit de mêsme faire face an choeur. De Vert, tom. IV. p. 36.

^{page 331 note [z]} Le Brun, v. II. p. 69.

^{page 331 note [a]} IV. 24.

^{page 331 note [b]} IV. Demande.

II revient toujours à favoir pourquoy les ministres le plaçoient a gauche dans le sanctaire, ou presbytere, c'est a dire en la partie méridionale de I'Eglise Von suppose encore icy tournée à l'orient?

C'est que ce costé là se presentoit la premiere au sortir de la sacristie, qui plus ordinairement éstoit situéc à droit en entrant dans l'Eglise; en sorte que le prestre aux masses hautes s'y arresioit tout court avec ses ministres pour commencer la messe, & y rester comame nous avons dit jusque à l'ossrandé. Mais, indépendenment de la situation de la sacristie, il sussiloit mesme que le pretre & ses ministres, arrivant a Tautel, trouvaslent ce coste la a leur droite pour aller tout naturellment s'y placer. De Vert, IV.—23.

^{page 332 note [c]} See plan, pl. XIV. fig. I, where their station is marked by A. B. C. which agrees exactly in position and situation with the yet remaining seats in our chancels, shews the antiquity of the practices to which they owe their rise, and wholly accounts for their original design. V. Demande.

^{page 332 note [d]} N'éstoit-il pas plus convenable que le prestre se pla̧asset tout au sond de l'Eglise & au de là mesme de l'autel, pour avon a ainsi tout le peuple on face; que non pas, qu'il se mist à costé d'où il nepouvoit ni voir ni estre vû qu'obliquement & de biais?

Cela auroit esté plus régulier à la vérite, mais c'est qu'il n'y avoit que Ie Pape à Rome & l'Evesques en leur propre église qui pussent ainsi occuper le sond, c'est à dire, le throsne pontisical qui y estoit place; en sorte qu'un Evesque officiant à Rome en l'absence du Pape, & un simple Prestre officiant en Eglise Cathédrale audesaut de l'Evesque, estoit oblige de se mettre dans l'un des sieges qui terminoient l'enceinte du presbytere vers l'autel, & par consequent à coste, ainsi qu'on pratique encore à Lyon & à Vienne en Dauphiné. De Vert, IV. 25.

^{page 333 note [e]} Every parish-church may be considered in the same point of view, with regard to the performance of the ceremonial of religion, as the cathedral in the bishop's absence, and must have had the same usages, as far as their respective endowments would permit.

^{page 334 note [f]} Voyages Liturg. 45.

^{page 334 note [g]} Archæologia, vol. X.

^{page 334 note [h]} IV. p. 23.

^{page 334 note [i]} See Plan of an ancient church. Plate XIV. fig. I.

^{page 335 note [k]} This ancient little remain was erected by Hugh de Tessclive, monk of St. Andrew's, Rochester, before the year 1125, when he became abbot of S. Augustine's, Canterbury. Registrum Rossense, 119.

^{page 336 note [l]} Et c'est de ce costé-là que ie célébrant se place encore avec ses ministres & mesme l'Evesque, surtout au Rit Romain. De Vert, IV. 26.

On appelle proprement Presbytere le lieu où est Ie siege du prelat accompagné des banes des prètres, & autres ministres, soit que ce siege soit derriere l'autel comme a Lyon, a Vienne, &c soit qu'il soit a coste comme chez les Chartreux, les Jacobins, et, en un mot, comme est le sauteuil des Evesques & autres presstres, ou ministres, qui suivent le Rit Romain. De Vert, IV. 18.

From the foregoing consederations, and this definition of the Presbytery, it appears as if every one not concerned in the immediate service of the altar was excluded from this part of the church; and, should this be the case, it would have been impossible for the personages to whose use the sedilia at Rochester and Maidstone were allotted to have been there placed, unless concerned in actual celebration. See Archæologia, X, 261, et seq.

^{page 336 note [m]} Orations finita sacerdos seu episcopus sedit, et notandum quod in missæ officio tribus horis sedet, videlicet dam epistola, et dum responsorium, & alleluia, cantantur. Durand, Ration, IV. 4. cxvii. n. i.

Hactenus, dum epistola Iecta suerit, et choro graduale pfallente, sacerdos tacitus ad dextram partem sedebit altaris.

Post dictam ergo sequentiam surgens faceidos, ad finistram altaris partem accedus, pronounciat evangelium. Idem, L. IV, c. xxiii.

^{page 337 note [n]} De Vert, IV. 20.

^{page 337 note [o]} Voyag. Liturg. p. 56.

^{page 337 note [p]} De Vert, IV. 18.

^{page 337 note [q]} Sessio ministrorum signisicat sessionem ipsorum quibus dicitur, “Sedebitis vos super sedes judicantes xii tribus Israel.” Quidam ergo ministrorum cum Episcopo sedent. Durandi Rational. Lib. IV. cxviii. n. 2.

It is extremely common with the old writers to mention the bishops on the occasion of every duty; but this, as Mr. Johnston in his Ecclesiastical Law remarks, is little more than a form of speaking.

Le prêtre alloit ensuite au coté droit de l'autel, suivi du diacre, qui se tenoit debout jusqúà ce que le célébrant lui sit signe de s'affeoir. Voyages Liturgy 283.

Incipiente subdiacono epistolam, sacerdos juxta altare sedeat, et diacono in loco suo federe inniuat. Missale Rotomagease. Ibid.

Pendant le Gloria in excelsis et le Credo le célébrant & le diacre sont affis, —aussi bien que le soudiacre quand il y est. Voyage Liturg. 362.

^{page 338 note [r]} Gavanti commentaria in rubricas Missalis et Breviarii Rom. Par. I. Tit. ii N⁰ 7. Parisiis, 1636.

^{page 338 note [s]} Antiquités Nationales, by Aubin Louis Millin, vol. II. N⁰ XXI. p. 17.

^{page 339 note [t]} Dans l'Eglise cathédrale de St. Etienne, vis-à-vis du grand autel, du cóté de l'Epitre, il y a un sort beau banc, grand & long, composé de cinque sieges, toujours en baissant, dont le premier, qui est le plus haut, est pour le célébrant, et les autres pour les diacres & soudiacres. Immédiatement au dessous est la chaire de I'Archêveque, qui est aslez belle, & de menuiserie bien travaillée.

Voyages Liturgiques de France, p. 161.

^{page 340 note [u]} Avis sur un ouvrage, &c.

10. Où se met l'Evéque quandil officie à la messe, quand il officie aux autres offices, & quand il n' officie pas? S'il est fous dais, ou seulement sur un sauteuil fans'dais?

11. Si le prêtre, le diacre, le soudiacre, s'asseient fur des sieges fixes, ou fur un banc, fur des fauteuils, chaises a dos, des tabourets, ou fur les stalles au chœur?

12. Se le prêtre s'affied an dessus du diacre & du soudiacre, ou aú milieu d'eux?

13. Sil y a des diacres & soudiacres d'honrieur? combien? a quelles fétes? si on les appelle induts précédens, ou autrement, Sc quelles sont leurs sonctions?

^{page 340 note [x]} Notwithstanding the Roman missals after the council of Trent direct the celebrant to be seated between the deacon arid sub-deacon, and that, in the prefatory items from the register of the congregation of rites, a deviation from its rubrics is declared an abuse, it may be seen from the twelfth query, and the custom at Sens, Cambray, &c. that the order of fitting was not only different, but that the ancient mode is yet in many places adhered to; and it may also begin to appear, that the original and subsequent uses of the sedilia were ever the same.

^{page 341 note [y]} It may not be deemed improper in this place to offer a hint or two concerning the uses of the officers alluded to as a farther explanation.

De officio assistentis Presbyteri. Tit. I.

Cum in ecclesiis cathedralibus plerumque affistentes ejusmodi adhibeantur & de iisdem in rubricis generalibus nulla siat mentio, ceremoniale episcoporum pauci ad manus habeant, placet eorum officium breviter hie apponere.

Primo itaque officium illius est missam providere, signacula disponere & in aliis sub missa faciendis celebrantem dirigere, —fed cum celebrans hymnum angelicuna dicit expectat ad librum donee ad fedendum accedit tune enim et ipse supra scabellum nudum capite cooperto edere poterit.

De officio ceremonii. Tit. vi.

Ante omnia indutus superpellicio quærit & signat in missale & libro evangeliorum quæ sunt cantanda vel legenda, deinde videt an omnia sint parata, presertim pro celebrante, &c.

Siad Kyrie eleison vel Glora sedendum fit, ipse subdiaconum in sedendo juvat, Dalmaticum attollendo; turn dilgenter attendit ad verba Adoramus, Gratias, Jesu Chrisle, suscipe, & ex fuo loco surgens, &c.

Inslrutio prastica de SS. Miss, sacris. a Tobia Lohner, Soc. Jes. Sacer. Pars iii.

The ceremonial mentioned by this author was originally the Ordo Romanus, many of which were published in different ages, and at length, being encreased, is printed under the above title. Le Brun, vol. I.

^{page 341 note [z]} Paulinus ut supra.

^{page 342 note [a]} Parceque, fur tout dans les Eglises de Campagne, on manquoit bien plutôt de ministres pour saire les lestures que non pas de chantres pour chanter l'Introit, le graduel, & le reste. C'est ce que nous voyons tous les jours arriver dans les villages, & mesme dans les pauvres paroisses des villes, où il se trouve toujours assez de monde au lutrin, mais point de diacre in de soudiacre a Pautel. II est vray, dans la suite, le curé s'est remis de la lecture de l'épitre an magister ou clerc, ou enfin a un simple ensant qui fçeut lire, &c. De Vert IV. 62.

^{page 343 note [b]} A view of this seat, and piscina, is given in PI. XV.

^{page 343 note [c]} That in churches better endowed, besides the celebrant, one performed the part of deacon and sub-deacon; in such churches were two seats.

See Letter, ut supra, Archæologia, vol. X

By the 17th of Archbishop Langton's constitutions, made in 1222, it was decreed, that in every church which has a large parish there be two or three priests, according to the largeness of the parish and state of the church.

Johnson's Ecclesiastical Law.

This goes a great way in accounting for the varieties in the sedilia. In the ordination of vicarages proper allowances were made for the support of this burthen. “Subeant autem praesati vicarii (de Faversham) onus deserviendi per se et duos presbyteros idoneos præsratæ ecclesiæ in divinis.” X Script, col. 2093.

The prioress and convent of Davington were obliged, by the appropriation of that church to their use, to find three priests and four clerks for the performance of divine offices. Hasted's History of Kent, vol. II. p. 729.

The church of Tunstall in Kent was endowed for a rector and vicar,

Rowe Mores's History, p. 45.

Subeant autem præsati vicarii (de Middletone, viz. Milton near Sittingburne), onus deservendi per se et alium presbyterum idoneum eidem ecclefiæ in divinis.

X Script, col. 2094.

Also in the endowment of chauntries the number of chaplains varied, and pasling those for one priest, which were common, it may be worthy of remark, that, in the church of the Crutched Friers in Colchester, was in the time of Henry II. a chauntry of five priests, founded by the sraternity of St. Helen's gild. Morant's Colchester, p. 156.

The chauntry founded in the church of St. Catharine near the Tower, by John Holland Duke of Exeterf was for four. Royal Wills, p. 287.

There was in the chapel of All Souls at the Bridge foot, in Rochester, a chauntry, founded by Sir John Cobham in 1397, for three chaplains, who were to perform canonical hours, and say masses for the foul of the sounder, those of his family, and of all the faithful departed. Registrum Rossense, p. 555.

Also in the church of Stoke in the-hundred of Hoo, was a chauntry founded for two priests for the above purposes. Registrum Rossense, p. 623.

^{page 344 note [d]} The vicinity of churches to episcopal miansions, with the remote and uncertain ailusions to heraldic bearings, and regal and episcopal portraitures, has often, among our most celebrated antiquaries, afforded a solution of the uses of the sedilia.

But in Hailing church there never was a fedile.

In Gillingham church, where bishop Walter de Merton received consecration, but three poor seats.

In the fine church at Croydon none, unless removed for the monument of an archbishop after the Reformation; but this is unlikely, as being too near the East end of the great chancel.

In Lambeth none; their place is occupied by the monument of John Mompesson, Esq. who died in 1524.

In the preparation of the chapel of Lambeth palace, for the consecration of archbishop Parker, it is noticed, that four chairs were set to the South of the East part of the chapel for the bishops, to whom the office of consecrating the archbishop was committed. Strype's Life, p. 57.

Had there been a sedile in this place, chairs would have been unnecessary; and there certainly would, had it been a customary accompaniment in the discharge of episcopal duties so frequently there performed.

^{page 345 note [e]} To the sussragan for hallowing the church-yarde, and other £. s. d. implements of the churche, ——— —— 0 30 0

Churchwardens Accounts of St. Helens Abington, Berks.

Archæologia, vol. I. p. 13.

Paid for hallowing St. Mary Kirk Garth to the Sussragan —30 0

Account of Louth sleeple, Archæologia, vol. X. p. 91.

^{page 345 note [f]} Continens pro re contenta.

^{page 346 note [g]} Exedra est absida, five volta quædam separata modicum a templo vel paatio, fic dicta xiii. q. ii. præcipiend' quia extraheretur muro; Græcè autem exhedra vecatur. L. I. c. i. n. 19.

To much the same purpose is the Exedra explained by Walasrid Strabo, in the 6th chapter of his work “De Rebus Ecclesiasticis.”

Robert Wyntringham, provost of the chantry sounded by John Giffard at Cothtrilock in Northarnptonshire, by his will dated August 8, 1415, directed his body to be buried near the lavatory on the South side the chancel, of St. Andrews of Cotherstock. Bridges' History, vol. II. p. 440. S. D.

Thomas Stanley, first earl of Derby, by his will dated 1504, directed that at his tomb in Burscough priory one of the canons at every mass before the lavatory should say De prosuncis for his foul. Dugdale Bar. ll. 247. R. G.

^{page 347 note [h]} In the North wall of the church of Horton Kirby, Kent; and in Rochester cathedral, where the conduit for draining off the water in the piscina is of very fingular form; a deep declining hollow about fix inches broad, two deep towards the front, and three or four on its inner side, runs quite across the opening of the niche, which is about two seet. From the middle of this runs a second channel, declining from a level, and at right angles to the first, having its exit in the wall, and forming on each side a large square space, on which were probably placed the basins daily at the altar, shortly to be noticed, and the whole was lined with lead. The custom of thus covering with lead the bottom of the piscina appears not altogether to have been uncommon; for, among the devastations committed, anno 1562, by the Caivinislical faction in the venerable cathedral at Rouen in Normandy, it is noticed, that they preserved their lead and pewter for making balls for their musquets, which they had pillaged from the pillana, organs, and coverings of the church.

Histoire de l'Eglise cath. de Rouen, p, 108. a Rouen, 1686.

^{page 348 note [i]} According to Dupin (Eccles, History, cent. xiii. v. xi. p. 75.), he was by. Gregory X. sent legate to the council of Lyons in 1274, and at last made bishop of Mende in 1286. He afterwards refused the archbishopric of Ravenna, offered him by Eoniface VIII. but he accepted the legation to the sultan of Egypt;, and, having gone thither, he died at Nicosia in the island of Cyprus, on the 6th of July, in the; car 1296. S. D.

^{page 348 note [k]} Prope altare etiam good Ghristum significat collocatur piscina seu Iavarcrurn—in quo manus lavantur. Ration. Divin. L. I. C. i. n. 39.

^{page 349 note [l]} Piscina locu⁹ d^r pro nutre'dis piscib^s & co'serv'adis piscib^s deputatus ut q'n' placuer.it d'no de ipsis capiat. Vocabularium utriusque juris. Lugduni, 1530.

^{page 349 note [m]} II y avoit pour cet esset en chaque piscine, comme on peut voir encore à une infinité d'autels, deux conduits, ou canaux, pour faire ecouier l'eau, l'un-pour recevoir l'eau qui avoit servi au lavement des mains, pautre pour celle qui avoit servi au purisication ou perfusion du chalice. De Vert, III. 193.

M. De Vert, in saying the double channel is to be found in every piscina, is rather beside the mark; those with a single hollow are by far the more numerous, not only at home, but probably in France, of wLien this author was a native.

^{page 349 note [n]} In 870 the monks of Croyland threw into a well, to prevent their falling into the hands of the Danes, decem Caiices cum lavatcriis pelvibus. Inguliums.

Helias, prior of St, Andrew's, Rochester, a great benefactor, among his other services to his monastery, gave “Balinos de Limoges qui sunt cotidie ad majus altare.” Reg, Roffense, 123.

He held this office in the reign of king John, to whom, in the name of his convent, he presented a silver cup worth fix marks.

Two pahs of basins were left by cardinal Beausort to the altar of his chauntry founded in Winchesxster cathedral. Royal Wills.

In the Indenture made 1479, between the-sub-master and sacrists of Cobham college, Kent, are mentioned, ii pelves de cupro deaurat', iiii pelves veteres.

Reg. Roffense.

This seems to signify there were two to the three altars formerly in that thurch, though but a single piscina marks the place where two of them were erected.

In the inventory of tbe furniture of the chapel of Maynard's Spittle, Canterbury, is this, “Item two masers bound with silver.” Somner, 143.

The vicar of Mailing was, by the ordination of that vicarage, obliged to find basins, among other articles. Reg. Roff. 484.

^{page 350 note [o]} De Vert, III. 195.

^{page 350 note [*]} Limoges was famous for its enamellers: hence “Basinos de Limoges” may signify basins enameled at or by an anist of Limoges.

^{page 351 note [p]} Deinde vino & aqua abluit polices & indices super calicem quos abstergit purisicatorio,—ablutionem sumit. Ritus celebrandi Missam.

Missale Rom. ex decreto SS Con. Trid. Resututum, 1660.

^{page 351 note [q]} Canons of archbishop Hubert Walter, A. D. MCC.

2. “A priest may not celebrate twice a day, unless the necessity be urgent; when he. does, let nothing be poured into the chalice after the receiving the blood at the first celebration; but let the least drop be diligently supped out of the chalice, and the fingers sucked, or licked with the tongue, and waihed, and the washings kept in a clean vessel to be had for this purpose; which waihings are to be drunk after the second celebration; excepta deacon, or some other †considerable minister, be present to drink the washing at the first celebration.”

Constitutions of archbishop Edmund, A. D. MCCXXXIV.

21. “And let him (the priest) have a silver or tin vessel always to carry with him to the sick, appropriated for this special purpose, that is, for giving the washings of his fingers to be drunk‡ (by the sickman) after rhe taking of the Eucharist.”

The priest was not now to drink the washings as in other masses; because this would have broken his fast, and unqualifield him to say mass a second time.

† It was presumed that some particles of the sacramental blood remained in the washings and that therefore none was fit to drink them without a particular preparation, but some deacon or priest; yet the Constiutions of Richard bishop of Sarum allow any innocent person to drink then. Sir R. S. p. 148. Johnson's Ecclenastical Laws.

‡ Ægro is not expressed in this decree of archbishop Edmund, but is in that cf arebbishop pourtionm which it is transcribed, and is necessarily implied here.” Ibid. S.D.

^{page 352 note [r]} De Vert, III. 378, 384, &c.

^{page 352 note [s]} See PI. XVII. in which fig. 2. represents the Norman arch, which has teen repaired with brick work; and fig. 3. is a front view of the piscina.

^{page 353 note [r]} Missale Rom. 1528.

^{page 353 note [s]} Pontisical Roman. Sacrarium, signifying a deposit for any thing sacred, be it either ar apartment used as a vestry, a closer, &c. intended for this purpose; is also in the rubrics assigned to this drain, or channel, as being used for receiving. water, &c. which had been applied to some act in religion, as also for the same reason to the aperture in the bottom of ancient fonts, and accounts for such expressions as “Sacrarium piscinæ,” “Sacrarium baptisterii,” “projicere in sacrarium,” &c. so frequent in rubrics, and their.commentators.

^{page 354 note [t]} Il y avoit, outre cela, deux tables, ou petits autels, aux deux cotés du grand; fur l'un on préparoit les choses nécessaires au sacrisice, & fur l'autre on mettoit les habits de l'Eveque.

L'ancien sacramentaire de l'Eglise, per M. J. Grancolas. Paris, 1699.

^{page 354 note [u]} Crédence, petit buset à main droite, au bout de l'autel, et un peu au desfus, où l'on met les burettes. Mensa ad utrumque latus aræ adstrutta. Se dit aussi du busset qu'on dresse chez les grands, ou l'on met toutes leurs vaissalles d'argent en parade quand ils font à table. Nouveau Dictionaare Françoise, par P. Richelet.

^{page 355 note [w]} Crédence, de l'ltalien, credenza, sorte de petite table, où on met tout cc qui fert au sacrifice et aux ceremonies de l'autel; à Lyon elle est de pierre, à Beauvais c'est un véritable busst de bois. De Vert, 111. 169.

^{page 355 note [x]} In the collegiate church at Cobham is also one on the lest, without, as may be supposed, any projection. At Mans the credence is on the Gospel side, as also at Lyons, together with the piscina, on account of the sacristy being on the North. De Vert, III. 169.

Tobiæ Lohner Instructio Practica de Miss, fac, 203. The modern credence is thus described by this-author: “Credentia id est mensa bievis demissa simplice a late re Epistolæ posita fine gradibus, fine cruce, vel imaginibus, cooperta linteo usque ad terrain undequaque pendente.”

^{page 355 note [y]} Parva campanula, ampullæ, &c. —in senestella seu parva mensa ad hæc præparata. Missale Rom. ex decreto, &c. 1658.

Hence the authority of the word senestella, so often used for signifying the nich containing the piscina and credence.

^{page 356 note [z]} But a single basin is now in use, as it is the custom, as has been already observed, to drink the ablution of the chalice.

^{page 356 note [a]} Voyages Liturgiques de France, p. 364.

^{page 357 note [b]} See Plate XIV. fig. 4, where a geometrical plan, elevation, and fection, of the senestella in Cowling church is given, a. a. credence, b. b. the piscina, as described by De Vert.

^{page 357 note [c]} Plate XVII. fig. 1.

^{page 357 note [d]} In the sencstella in Norwood's Chauntry the credence is of wood. Sec Plate XVI. At Chalk it is of stone, as in Plate XV.

In a beautifully illuminated manual in the possession of Mr. Marsault, of Collegestreet, Westminster, is a drawing of a pope while celebrating a private mass, and just about to elevate the host or chalice; he is attended by two chaplains, the one bearing a triple cross, the other the tiara; in the background is a piscina, in which, it is to be remarked, there is placed neither credence nor vessel of any kind, and in the view the table credence must be kept from fight by the South end of the altar. This curious volume, written in a hand scarcely imitable by types, and decorated in a superior style of ornament, appears from the junction of the white and red roses, crowned, and supported by the dragon and greyhound, depicted as part of a border at the bottom of a page, to have been of the time of Henry VII; nor can it be later than 1533, when the pope's supremacy was laid aside, whose head has in the representation above alluded to, as may be judged from that account, been erased.

^{page 358 note [e]} In the wainscot at the end of the altar were four grand almeries, to preserve the chalices and silver cruets, with two or three fuits of vestments belonging to the said altar, for principal days. Davis's History of Durham Abbey.

Almery from armorium, Lat. Armoire, Fr. a closet. There are extant decrees ot councils forbidding the Eucharistic Sacrament to be thus kept.

^{page 358 note [f]} Among the church plate, under the care of the sacrist of Cobhana college, was “i cuppa argentea et deaurat' pro sacramento altaris cotidie imponendo; item tres calices.” It has been already seen, there were three altars in this collegiate church. Reg. Roff. 239.

^{page 358 note [g]} Suspeasio ciborii, sub titulo Crucis.

^{page 359 note [h]} In the church of Higham, Kent, is a small senestella with a piscina, and over it an almery with the iron hooks of the hinges yearemaining; a like appendage occurs in the church of St. Mary Overee, Southwark.

^{page 359 note [i]} Grancolas, ut supra, II. 37.

^{page 359 note [k]} Ibid.

^{page 359 note [l]} Durandus de Ritibus, p. 267. Parisiis, 1631.

^{page 360 note [m]} Durandus, ubi supra.

^{page 360 note [n]} Grancolas, II. 23.

^{page 360 note [o]} Altare portabile consecrationem amittit cum lapis a ligno avellitur.

Theologiæ pogm. & Morales, torn. III. Natale Alexandro authore.

^{page 360 note [p]} Peregrinatio religionis ergo, p. 268.

^{page 361 note [q]} Illic vir pius dicitur extremum vale dixisse Virgini cum mors immineret.

Erasmus; ubi: supra.

^{page 361 note [r]} It is not by any means presumed, from what has here been remarked, that altars of wood were totally difused. There were occaslons on which they were admitted as extremely proper; hut these were chiesly of a temporary nature. Upon the canonization of a saint, an altar of this kind is directed to be placed in the middle of St. Peter's church, within an inclofure, as an accommodation to the pope, who was then to perform a solemn celebration.

Wilkins' Councils, III. 638.

In the chamber in which was laid the body of Henry IV. of Fiance after his affassination, were two altars erected (most likely of wood), at which masses were couninually performed. Sully's Memoirs.

And it is higly rrobable, that the altars erected on the occasion or an ecclesiaistical counal, When held car of a church, were all of wood.

^{page 361 note [s]} Rationale Divinorum, Lib. I. Proæmium, N⁰ 16.

^{page 362 note [t]} History of Kent, vol. I. p. 513.

^{page 362 note [u]} So poor was this vicarage, that, about 1479, it seems not to have been able to afford the expence of a new missal, for, among the books received by indenture into the charge of the sacrists at Cobham, is this item:

iiii miffalia, de quibus unam eft in ecclesia de Chalke.

Registrum Roffense, p. 239.

By the original endowment, which was settled by bishop Haymo de Hethe in the year 1327, the vicar was subject to the charge of binding books, libros estiam(Reg. Rolf, p. 205); confequently a new missal, when wan ed, was to be found by the impropriator. In 1512, July 23, the college of Cobham was adjudged, by bishop Fisher, to pay to the vicar a yearly pensioa of xls. in money. and a quarter of barley, upon condition that the vicar serve the cure faithfully, and bear at his own expence all burdens ordinary and extraordinary.

Act. Cur. Consist. A. 1511, 1513, fol. 336. John Wren, M. A. was instituted to this vicarage October 22, 1712, and died August 22, 1724. He was chaplain to the garrison at Sheerneis, and compiler of the very ufeful little book, “The Clergyman's Companion for visiting the Sick.” (MS. Lite cf the rev. John Lewis, minister of Margate, written by himself.) He was fucceeded by John Colson, who, on the reveren 1 Stephen Thornton's declining the acceptance of the mastership of the Mathematical Free school at Rochester, founded by Sir Joseph Williamson, to which he had been appointed by the decree in Chancery, was elected, into that office. Mr. Colson was of Christchutch college, in Oxford, but acquired the degree of M. A. at Cambridge by royal mandate, April 25, 1728. May 15, 1739, he resigned the vicarage of Chalk, with a proviso, that he should be chosen Luasian proseuor of the Mathematics at Cambridge, which event took place on the 21st of the same month. He resided in Sidney college, and occurs in 1752 rector of Lockington in Yorkshire, a benesice in the patronage of that society, and died in January, 1760, at an advanced age. Deservedly famous as Mr. Colson was for his superior knowledge in matheiratics, probably his name has been more extensively spread from his having had, whilft master of the school at Rochester, Mr. Garrick for his pupil. It was in conseouence of a requcil from the learned Mr. Walmsley, remitter of the diocese of Lichsield, that this extraordinary genius was put under the tuition of Mr. Colibn. Mr. Walmsley's letter of recommendation was originally published in the Gentleman's Magazine, vol. XXXVI. p. 450; and m vol. LXL p. 259, it is mentioned, that the only picture of Mr. Colson was drawn at the expence of his friend Dr. Thorpe, which the late Mr. Thorpe presented, a little before his death, to the Uniiversity of Cambridge, where it is deposited in the public library. S. D.

^{page 364 note [x]} As a grant of an indulgence in the English language is rather a curiosity, a copy of one given by cardinal Lawrence Campesas, bishop of Salisbury, which was in his time printed and distributed as a hand-bill, is from one of the original (most probably unique) here introduced.

“Be it knowen unto all trew cryslen people, that Lawrence, by the grace of God, byshop of Salysoury, cardynall and legate de Jatere to our holy father pope Cleme't the vii. of that name, to all those that be confessyd, or wyllynge to be conselsyd, that will vysit, sende, or put to theyr helpynge handes, to the mayn-tenance of this the pore hoipytale of the blyssed Trrynyle and Saynte Thomas the maner, in the paryshe of Saynt Martyne, wythin the cyte of Salysbury, for the relese, ayde, and succoure of pore men and women dayly thyther commynge, hath grauntyd, ever to endure, to every of these sestys followyng, vii Yeres and vii Ientys a pardon; that is to say, in the fey of the blessyd Trynyte, vii ycics and vii Ientys of pardon. Also on Good Frydaye vii yeres and vii Ientys of pardon. Also the syrst Sonday in Lente, Paslyon Sonday, the Assumpcyo' of our blyssed Lady, the two sestys of Saynt Thomas the Martyr, and every of these stslys, a hundred dayes, and theyr penaunce rekaied. Also our holy father pope Boniface the the hath ix graunted at all tvmes to all the benesattours cf the friyd place vii yeres and vii Ientys of pardon, and the vii parte of theyr penaunce mercifully to be released.

Also pope Urbane the vii hath graunted vii yeres and vii lentys of pardon.

Also pepe Gregory the ix hath graunted vii yeres and vii Ientys of pardon.

Also poye Alexander the x hath graunted vii yeres avid vii Ientys of pardon.

Also pope Inncccnt the vii hath graunted vii yeres and vii Ientys of pardon.

Also pope John the xxiii hath graunted vii yeres and vii Ientys of pardon.

Also pope Martyne the V hath graunted vii yeres and vii Ientys of pardon.

Also all bullyes and pryuylegys of his predeceffources ratysyeth and consyraieth and graunteth to all the foresayd benesastours to be partakers of all pylgrv mages in and to the Loly lande, and of the consecracyon of the blyssed body and blood of Cryste. Also of all sentence of excommunycacyon and cursynge not t yttynge of then: to be assoyled. Also they be sorgyuen of all synnes forgotten 21d penaunce broken negligently. Also every archebyssop and byssoppys of Englande (Irelance), and Walys, hath grauntyd xi days of pardon, with many other great indulgercys? and pardons at all tymes in the yere, as by bulies under lede within the sayd place grauntyd by dyuers popes of Rome more playnely dothe appere. Also oure holy father pope Clement the vii, that now is, consyrmed all the ascresayd indulgence and pardon, and grnunted vii yeres and vii lentys of pardon, and God Jys blessynge and his”.

As the above copy of this remarkable grant could not be esteemed complete is no notice was taken of- a wood cut at its commencement, a tracing is given in Plite XIV. fig. 5, it being no very common reprefentation of the Trinity, and seeming to have a reference to the doctrine of indulgences.

^{page 365 note [y]} In the corner of this porch on the right hand of the entrance to the tower, which see us originally to have served this purpose, are the remains of a basin for hob witer. Belonging to churches were two kinds of veffels for this use, both known among the French by the same term “Benîder” Those at the entrance are laid to have succeced the fountains anciently placed near these parts. Writers differ as to their being fituated, either within or without the church, as they do in their appellation, sederal of which are noticed by Durand, p. 205, who chuses for himself “L abrum.” In the old Engish they are signisied by stoups, which might have served as well for that fixed at the entrance as the other, having a bail, and not unlike a pail or kettle, for processional uses, at supplying those at the doors; a beautiful specimen. of which is engraved in the tenth volume of the Archteologia, plate XXXVI1L p. 472. One of these was given in chargt to the facrist of Cobhani college. “I stoppa de a. n. pro aqua benedicta,” Reg. Roff, p. 259. Within this church, on the right of the North door remains a shast on which a holy-water basin was fixed. These seem to have been wholly unnoticed-by our writers, and their uses bellowed on the piscina. Fig. 3, PI. XIV. represents the remains of the basin at Chalk, in the stlyle of the figures over the porch, and let into the wall of the tower, probably a gift of the Martins. Fig 2. represents the basin at Milton, near Gravesend, irtroduced for marking the difference between these vessels and the piscina.

^{page 366 note [z]} Bibliotheca Topographica, N⁰ VI. Part 1. p. 17.

^{page 369 note [a]} Stowell's Extracts printed in the Custumale Rossense. “Item lego him' S'cte crucis in ecclesia predict, unam acram terre, &c.”

^{page 369 note [b]} John Potkin left iii acres of land, viii mother sheep, and viii sheep lease in Westmersh, to Robert Mason and his heirs, for keeping his obit for ever.

Ibid. William May also wills his wife to keep his obit with vi bushels of wheat made into bread, and in drink x bushels of malt, and in cheese xxid, to be given to the poor; and the seossees to fee this done for ever. Ibid.

There was a like dole of bread, cheese, and beer, given annually to the poor at Cliff parsonage on St. James's day, till lately discontinued by the present rector.

^{page 372 note [c]} Hasted has, by mistake, made a quadruple sedile in this church.