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Bonamia ostreae-induced mortalities in one-year old European flat oysters Ostrea edulis: experimental infection by cohabitation challenge

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2008

Delphine Lallias ,
Isabelle Arzul ,
Serge Heurtebise ,
Sylvie Ferrand ,
Bruno Chollet ,
Maeva Robert ,
Andy R. Beaumont ,
Pierre Boudry ,
Benjamin Morga  and
Sylvie Lapègue
Delphine Lallias
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
Isabelle Arzul
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Serge Heurtebise
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Sylvie Ferrand
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Bruno Chollet
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Maeva Robert
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Andy R. Beaumont
Affiliation:
School of Ocean Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, LL59 5AB, UK
Pierre Boudry
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Benjamin Morga
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
Sylvie Lapègue
Affiliation:
IFREMER, Laboratoire Génétique et Pathologie, Ronce-les-bains, 17390 La Tremblade, France
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Abstract

Bonamiosis is a parasitic disease (causative agent: Bonamia ostreae) affecting the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, responsible for a drastic decline in its aquaculture production. Selective breeding programs for resistance to bonamiosis have been undertaken to counter this disease. In the present study, a 6-month cohabitation challenge experiment was performed in order to transmit the disease from wild oysters injected with the parasite to two tested families of oysters (20 and 8-month old at the beginning of the experiment, with different genetic backgrounds) originating from a selective breeding program developed by IFREMER in France. Mortalities were checked daily and ventricular heart smears were performed on dying or moribund oysters to detect the level of infection by B. ostreae. Mortality started after 4 months of cohabitation in the tested oysters. The cumulative mortalities after 6 months were 58% for the wild oysters, 9% for Family 1 (20-month old) and 20% for Family 2 (8-month old). In the dying oysters, the parasite could be detected in 67% of the wild oysters, 68% of Family 1 and 89% of Family 2. It was detected in only 11% of the surviving oysters of Family 2. The mortality and the level of infection by the parasite were significantly higher in Family 2 than in Family 1. Our results demonstrate that prespawning oysters as young as 1 year-old can become infected with the parasite and, most importantly, can die from bonamiosis. This result is inconsistent with the commonly accepted critical age of 2 years-old for the disease development. Additionally, no clear relationship between shell length and level of infection was observed. We also review the different methods for infection of the European flat oyster O. edulis with B. ostreae under experimental conditions and their main results.

Keywords

Ostrea edulisBonamia ostreaeCohabitation experimentTransmissionHeart smear
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 21 , Issue 4 , October 2008 , pp. 423 - 439
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2008

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