This review seeks to highlight the potential importance of viruses in Antarctic ecosystems and describe the limited scope of Antarctic virus studies to date, including studies of marine, terrestrial and freshwater communities. Although much of the existing work focuses on the microbial community, there are also studies of virus infection in Antarctic animal and plant populations. We describe methodologies available for the study of viral ecology in the field and in calling for a more intensive research effort discuss how microbial ecology might benefit from the study of viruses in Antarctic ecosystems.