Such are the vicissitudes of economics, politics, and Acts of God, that the provision of appropriate schooling for disparate refugee or migrant populations presents an enduring challenge for educators and policy–makers. The challenge is not a new one in that large scale migrations of people have been taking place since the earliest times in recorded history. However, it is heightened in today's world by our recongnition of the critical role which formal education plays in determining an individual's capacity to benefit from and to contribue to the society in which he lives. Such are the vicissitudes of economics, politics, and Acts of God, that the provision of appropriate schooling for disparate refugee or migrant populations presents an enduring challenge for educators and policy–makers. The challenge is not a new one in that large scale migrations of people have been taking place since the earliest times in recorded history. However, it is heightened in today's world by our recongnition of the critical role which formal education plays in determining an individual's capacity to benefit from and to contribue to the society in which he lives. This is as true for Third World countries as it is for modern industrialized ones. Given that educational achievement is a fundamental determinant of social and occupational mobility, it makes sense for the State to do whatever possible to ensure that migrants are provided every opportunity to become fully participating members of society rather than remaining marginal or disfunctional.