Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T19:51:25.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some aspects of energy metabolism of the sow during pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

M. W. A. Verstegen ,
A. J. H. van Es  and
H. J. Nijkamp
M. W. A. Verstegen
Affiliation:
Departments of Animal Husbandry and Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
A. J. H. van Es
Affiliation:
Departments of Animal Husbandry and Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
H. J. Nijkamp
Affiliation:
Departments of Animal Husbandry and Animal Physiology, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Get access

Summary

Sixteen energy and N-balance trials with six sows were performed to study the energy requirement and protein gain of the animals during different stages in the second half of pregnancy. Energy and N-balances were measured during periods of 1 week and gaseous exchange was measured in a respiration chamber. The animals received 2·0,2·5,2·75 or 3 0 kg/day of a normal concentrate ration for sows. In one experiment, one animal had a negative energy balance on the 2 kg ration in the sixth week of pregnancy but in the other experiments the dietary energy intake was sufficient for positive energy balances until a few days before parturition. The N-balances were about 20 to 32 g/day in the second half of the gestation period. With 2·5 and 2·75 kg feed there was a negative deposition of fat at about 2 weeks before parturition. Heat production increased during pregnancy, but at a greater rate during the last 2 weeks. Until 2 to 3 weeks before parturition 2·5 to 2·75 kg of feed seemed to be adequate to meet the energy requirement of a pregnant sow of 180–200 kg live weight. During the last 2 weeks 3 kg was sufficient.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , November 1971 , pp. 677 - 683
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1971

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Breirem, K. 1935. Vaeksten hos svin. II. Energi omsaetningen hos svin. Beretn. Forsgslab., No. 162.Google Scholar
Brody, S. 1938. Relation between heat increment of gestation and birth weight. Growth and development with special reference to domestic animals, XLVI. Research Bulletin No. 283, Univ. of Missouri.Google Scholar
Centraal Veevoeder Bureau in Nederland (CVB). 1965. Verkorte tabel voedernormen en voederwaarde, 24th ed.Google Scholar
Centraal Veevoeder Bureau in Nederland (CVB). 1970. Veevooedertabel. Gegevens over voederwaarde, verteerbaarheid en samenstelling.Google Scholar
Clawson, A. J., Richards, H. L., Matrone, G. and Barrick, E. R. 1963. Influence of level of total nutrient and protein intake on reproductive performance in swine. J. Anim. Sci. 22: 662–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Villiers, V., Havskov Sorensen, P., Jacobsen, P. E. and Moustgaard, J. 1958. Nearings behov til fosterproduktion hos svin vurderet pa grundlag at aflejring i børen. Aarsberetn. Inst. Sterilitetsforskning pp. 139–164.Google Scholar
Elsley, F. W. H., Anderson, D. M. and MacPherson, R. M. 1965. A comparison of the nitrogen retention and composition of live-weight gains of pregnant and non-pregnant gilts. Anim. Prod. 7: 286 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Es, A. J. H. van. 1961. Between animal variation in the amount of metabolizable energy required for the maintenance of cows. Versl. landbouwk. Onderz. 67: 5.Google Scholar
Es, A. J. H. van. 1966. Labour saving methods for energy balance experiments with cattle; description of equipment and methods used. Neth. J. Agric. Sci. 14: 32–46.Google Scholar
Kleiber, M. 1965. Metabolic body size. 3rd Symposium on Energy Metabolism, Troon, Scotland. E.A.A.P. publ. 11: 427–435.Google Scholar
Lodge, G. A. 1969. Nutrition of the Sow, p. 1070 (ed. Cuthbertson, D.). Pergamon Press, London.Google Scholar
Mitchell, H. H., Carroll, W. E., Hamilton, T. S. and Hunt, G. E. 1931. Food requirements of pregnancy in swine. Bull. III. agric. Exp. Stn, No. 375.Google Scholar
Nehring, K., Schiemann, R., Hoffman, L. and Klippel, W. 1960. Die Verwertung der Futterenergie in Abhängigkeit vom Ernährungsniveau. Versuche mit Schweinen. Arch. Tierernahr. 10: 275–320CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nehring, K., Schiemann, R. and Hoffman, L. 1969. A new system of energetic evaluation of food on the bases of net energy for fattening. 4th Symposium on Energy Metabolism, Warsaw. E.A.A.P. publ. 12: 41–50.Google Scholar
Salmon-Legagneur, E. 1965. Quelques aspects des relations nutritionelles entre la gestation et la lactation chez la truie. Annls Zootechn. 14, No. 1. Hors serie, pp. 1–137.Google Scholar
Salmon-Legagneur, E. and Rerat, A. 1962. In Nutrition of Pigs and Poultry (ed. Morgan, J. T. and Lewis, D.), p. 201. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Vanschoubroek, F. 1963. Studien en onderzoekingen over de voeding van varkens. Rijksuniversiteit Veeartsenijschool, Lab. v. Zootechniek, Gent, België.Google Scholar
Verstegen, M. W. A. 1971. Influence of environmental temperature on energy metabolism of growing pigs housed individually and in groups. Meded. Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen, 71, No. 2.Google Scholar