Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T06:26:24.613Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Change in amino acid composition of different protein sources after rumen incubation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

P. Susmel ,
B. Stefanon ,
C. R. Mills  and
Manuela Candido
P. Susmel
Affiliation:
Istituto di Produzione Animale, Via S. Mauro, 2, 33010 Pagnacco, Italy
B. Stefanon
Affiliation:
Istituto di Produzione Animale, Via S. Mauro, 2, 33010 Pagnacco, Italy
C. R. Mills
Affiliation:
Istituto di Produzione Animale, Via S. Mauro, 2, 33010 Pagnacco, Italy
Manuela Candido
Affiliation:
Istituto di Produzione Animale, Via S. Mauro, 2, 33010 Pagnacco, Italy
Get access

Abstract

The effective degradability (Dg) of dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N) and amino acids (AA) in soya-bean meal (SBM), fish meal (FM), dried brewers' grains (DBG) and ensiled lucerne (EL) was measured using polyester bags suspended in the rumens of six cows given a basal diet of maize silage, hay and concentrate. Rumen outflow rate was measured using chromium-mordanted SBM.

AA were grouped into essential (EAA), non-essential (NEAA) or branched chain (BrAA). The AA concentration in DM varied from 88 g/kg DM for EL to 566 g/kg for FM. The proportion of determined AA in crude protein (CP) was similar for SBM, FM and DBG and always higher than 0·85. EL had the lowest A A concentration in CP, partly due to the presence of ammonia N (170 g/kg total N).

Methionine always had a higher, and threonine a lower Dg than total AA in all foods. Dg of other AA was generally food dependent.

SBM always had the highest EAA, BrAA, NEAA, mean AA and total N degradability, whilst FM always had the lowest Dg for EAA, BrAA, mean AA and total N, and these values were significantly different in comparison with SBM. The effective Dg of BrAA in DBG was significantly lower than in SBM and significantly higher than in FM. In EL, NEAA and mean AA Dg were significantly lower compared with SBM.

Effective Dg of total AA in SBM and EL was significantly lower than the CP Dg; this difference was not apparent in DBG or FM.

The undegraded fraction of FM and EL had a significantly higher proportion of EAA whilst DBG and EL had a higher proportion of BrAA when compared with the unexposed food. Isoleucine concentration, highest in EL, and lysine and methionine contents, highest in FM, differed significantly between the four protein source residues.

The first limiting AA after rumen incubation, in relation to casein and meat, was always methionine. The essential amino acid index of the food residues post incubation, relative to casein and meat, was lower in SBM, DBG and EL but higher in FM.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 49 , Issue 3 , December 1989 , pp. 375 - 383
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1980. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonweath Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Suppl. No. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Bailey, P. L. 1983. Analysis with ion-selective electrodes. In Heyden International Topics in Science (ed. Bouma, J. J.), pp. 77–78 and 154-227. J. J. Heyden and Son, Inc., Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Casper, D. P. and Schingoethe, D. J. 1986. Addition of protected methionine to a barley based diet for cows during early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 69: Suppl. 1, p. III (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Crooker, B. A., Clark, J. H., Shanks, R. D. and Fahey, G. C. 1987. Effects of ruminal exposure upon the amino acid profile of feeds. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 67: 1143–1148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crooker, B. A., Clark, J. H., Shanks, R. D. and Hatfield, E. E. 1986. Effects of ruminal exposure on the amino acid profile of heated and formaldehydetreated soyabean meal. Journal of Dairy Science 69: 2648–2657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crooker, B. A., Shanks, R. D., Clark, J. H. and Fahey, G. C. 1981. Effects of ruminal exposure upon the amino acid profile of typical feedstuffs. Journal of Animal Science 53: Suppl. I p. 391 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Dixon, W. J. and Brown, M. B. 1979. BMDP-79. Biomedical Computer Programs. University of California Press, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Fidanza, F. and Liguori, G. 1984 [Human Nutrition.] Idelson, Naples.Google Scholar
Ganev, G., Orskov, E. R. and Smart, R. 1979. The effect of roughage or concentrate feeding and rumen retention time on total degradation of protein in the rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 93: 651–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grovum, W. L. and Williams, V. J. 1973. Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 4. Passage of marker through the alimentary tract and the biological relevance of rate-constants derived from the changes in concentration of marker in faeces. British Journal of Nutrition 30: 313–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Institut National De La Recherche Agronomioue. 1988. [Nutrition of Cattle, Sheep and Goats.] INRA, Paris.Google Scholar
Kennedy, P. M., Hazelwood, G. P. and Milligan, L. P. 1984. A comparison of methods for the estimation of the proportion of microbial nitrogen in duodenal digesta, and of correction for microbial contamination in nylon bags incubated in the rumen of sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 52: 403–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Madsen, J. 1985. The basis for the Proposed Nordic Protein Evaluation System for ruminants. The AATPBV system. Ada Agriculturae Scandinavica. Suppl. 25, pp. 9–20.Google Scholar
Mitchell, H. H. 1964. Comparative Nutrition of Man and Domestic Animals. Vol. I. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Orskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ould-bah, M. Y., Michalet-dorhau, B. and Jamot, J. 1988. [Bacterial contamination of feed residues incubated in the rumen: use of stomacher to decrease interference on degradability and its consequence.] 3me Journees sur la Nutrition el iAlimentation des Herbivors. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Paris. In press.Google Scholar
Roach, D. and Gehrke, C. 1970. The hydrolysis of proteins. Journal of Chromatography 52: 393–404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rogers, J. A., Krishnamoorthy, U. and Sniffen, C. J. 1987. Plasma amino acids and milk protein production by cows fed rumen-protected methionine and lysine. Journal of Dairy Science 70: 789–798.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schwab, C. G., Satter, L. D. and Clay, A. B. 1976. Response of lactating dairy cows to abomasal infusion of amino acids. Journal of Dairy Science 59: 1254–1270.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Setala, J. and Syrjala-qvist, L. 1984–1985. Degradation of crude protein and quality of undegradable protein in untreated or formaldehyde-treated rapeseed meal. Animal Feed Science and Technology 12: 19–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. 1983. SPSSx Users' Guide. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Stefanon, B. and Ovan, M. 1988. [Use of sodiumdichromate to measure rumen outflow rate of concentrate.] Zootecnica e Nutrizione Animale 15: 431–436.Google Scholar
Stern, M. D., Rode, L. M., Prange, R. W., Stauffacher, R. H. and Satter, L. D. 1983. Ruminal protein degradation of corn gluten meal in lactating dairy cattle fitted with duodenal T-type cannulae. Journal of Animal Science 56: 194–205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Susmel, P. and Stefanon, B. 1987. [System for protein evaluation in ruminants.] Zootecnica e Nutrizione Animale 6: 567–582.Google Scholar
Tamminga, S. 1979. Protein degradation in the forestomachs of ruminants. Journal of Animal Science 49: 1615–1630.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varvikko, T. 1986. Microbially corrected amino acid composition of rumen-undegraded feed protein and amino acid degradability in the rumen of feeds enclosed in nylon bags. British Journal of Nutrition 56: 131–140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Varvikko, T., Lindberg, J. E., Setala, J. and Syrjala-qvist, L. 1983. The effect of formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal and rapeseed meal on the amino acid profiles and acid-pepsin solubility of rumen undegraded protein. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 101: 603–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, C. H., David, D. J. and Iismaa, O. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 59: 381–385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar