Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T04:48:50.515Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Is Sarpedon a Bronze Age Anatolian personal name or a job description?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

S.P.B. Durnford
Affiliation:
c/o British Institute at Ankara

Abstract

It is proposed that the name of the three Bronze Age characters called Sarpēdon(t)- in Greek tradition is a direct rendering of an Anatolian compound noun, approximately *sar-pēdan-, ‘(one having) top position’. Anatolian cognates of both sar-, ‘up, on’, and *pēdan-, ‘place’, are attested with appropriate figurative meanings. At face value this etymology provides a suitably aristocratic name, but two of the Sarpedons are known mainly as leaders of expeditions connected with Lycia, and being an expedition leader does not conflict with the very limited details reported of the third Sarpedon. The coincidence of name and role suggests that the Anatolian original might have really been a military rank or job description. The explicit connection with ‘Lycia’ in two instances, i.e., with some part of the Luwian-speaking Lukka Lands, makes some variety of Luwian a strong candidate as the source language. Attestation of the name in Iron Age Lycian is slight and inconclusive, but its native form appears to have persisted there into Roman times.

Özet

Bronz Çağında üç ayrı kişinin Sarpēdon(t)- adını taşıdığı öne sürülmektedir. Doğrudan Anadolu kökenli bileşik isim olan *sar-pēdan- dan türetilen kelime, Yunan geleneğinde ‘yukarıda olan (kişi)' anlamına gelir. Hem sar-, ‘yukarı, üst’, hem de *pēdan-, ‘yer’ kelimelerinin Anadolu'daki benzerlerinin varlığı uyumlu mecazi anlamları ile kanıtlanmıştır. Bu etimolojik değer kelimenin aristokratik bir isim olmasına uygunsa da, Sarpedonlardan ikisi Likya ile bağlantılı yolculukların liderleri olarak bilinir. Üçüncü Sarpedonla ilgili kaynaklarda çok sınırlı ayrıntı olsa da, bunlar onun da bir yolculuk lideri olabileceği fikri ile çelişmemektedir. İsimlerin ve yapılan işlerin aynı olması, kelimenin Anadolu'daki aslının aslında askeri bir rütbe veya bir görev tanımı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. İki örneğin Likya, bir başka deyişle Lukka topraklarında Luvice konuşulan bir bölge ile ilintili olması nedeniyle, kelimenin kökeninin Luvicenin bir türü olması yüksek bir olasılık olarak karşımıza çıkar. Demir Çağı Likyasında bu isme ait çok az ve belirsiz izler olsa da, isim Roma Çağında yerel biçimiyle kullanılmaya devam edilmiş gibi görünmektedir.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bryce, T.R. 2003: ‘History’ in Melchert, H.C. (ed.), The Luwians. Leiden: 27127CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chicago Hittite Dictionary (= CHD) Volume Š, Fascicle 2. Chigaco 2005Google Scholar
Friedrich, J. 1932: Kleinasiatische Sprachdenkmäler (Kleine Texte für Vorlesungen und Übungen). Berlin: 66–69, 71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, J. 1952: Hethitisches Wörterbuch. HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, J. 1957: Hethitisches Wörterbuch, 1. Ergänzungsheft. HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, J. 1960: Hethitisches Elementarbuch, 1. Teil – Kurzgefasste Grammatik. HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, J. 1961: Hethitisches Wörterbuch, 2. Ergänzungsheft. HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, J. 1966: Hethitisches Wörterbuch, 3. Ergänzungsheft. HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
Gusmani, R. 1964: Lydisches Elementarbuch. HeidelbergGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J.D. 2000: Corpus of Hieroglyphic Luwian Inscriptions Volume 1 The Inscriptions of the Iron Age (Studies in Indo-European language and culture 8/1). Berlin, New YorkCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J.D. 2003: ‘Scripts and texts’ in Melchert, H.C. (ed.), The Luwians. Leiden: 128–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keen, A.G. 1998: Dynastic Lycia – A Political History of the Lycians and Their Relations with Foreign Powers, c.545–362 BC. LeidenCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melchert, H.C. 1993a: Lycian Lexicon Volume 1 Lexica Anatolica (2nd edition). Chapel HillGoogle Scholar
Melchert, H.C. 1993b: Cuneiform Luvian Lexicon. Chapel HillGoogle Scholar
Melchert, H.C. 2003: ‘Language’ in Melchert, H.C. (ed.), The Luwians. Leiden: 170210CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Melchert, H.C. 2004a: ‘Luvian’ in Woodard, R.D. (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge: 576–85Google Scholar
Melchert, H.C. 2004b: ‘Lycian’ in Woodard, R.D. (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge: 591600Google Scholar
Melchert, H.C. 2004c: ‘Lydian’ in Woodard, R.D. (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge: 601–08Google Scholar
Schürr, D. 2001: ‘Karische und lykische SibilantenIndogermanische Forschungen 106: 94121CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schürr, D. forthcoming: Pegasos, Sarpedon und Elysion: griechische und anatolische Namenformen (in draft – private communication)Google Scholar
Watkins, C. 2004: ‘Hittite’ in Woodard, R.D. (ed.), The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages. Cambridge: 551–75Google Scholar
Zgusta, L. 1964: Kleinasiatische Personennamen. PragueGoogle Scholar