Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:16:50.720Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Ephesus excavations 1863–1874, in the light of the Ottoman legislation on antiquities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Izabella Donkow
Izabella Donkow
Affiliation:
Stockholm University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The article discusses the introduction of Ottoman legislation on antiquities and its implication for the Ephesus excavations of 1863–1874, led by John Turtle Wood on behalf of the British Museum. It is argued that instrumental in the termination of the archaeological works at the site was the Ottoman law on antiquities of 1874, which was about to be promulgated and the recurrent difficulties in obtaining renewal of a firman, necessary for any archaeological endeavours undertaken by foreigners. Attention is drawn to the close relationship between the rise of the Imperial Museum in Istanbul, the promulgation and implementation of the Ottoman legislation on antiquities and their effect on circumscribing the archaeological activities of foreign nations. Growing contemporary Ottoman interest in antiquities, reflecting an increased awareness of their role in the re-definition of the identity of the country, laying claim to participation in European culture, is briefly touched upon.

Özet

Bu makalede tarihi eserlerle ilgili Osmanlı yasalarının ilk ortaya çıkışı ve bu yasaların British Museum adına John Turtle Wood tarafından 1863–1874 tarihlerinde yürütülen Efes kazıları ile ilgili uygulamalari tartışılmaktadır. Bölgedeki arkeolojik çalışmaların sona ermesinin arkasındaki nedenin uygulamaya konulmak üzere olan 1874 tarihli Tarihi Eserlerle ilgili Osmanlı Kanunu ve yabancıların herhangi bir arkeolojik çalışma yapmaları için gerekli olan ferman yenileme işlemindeki zorluklar olduǧu iddia edilmektedir. İstanbul'daki Padişahlık Müzesi'nin önem kazanması, tarihi eserlerle ilgili Osmanlı yasalarının duyurulması ve uygulanması ve bunlann yabancı milletlerin arkeolojik çalışmalarının kısıtlanmasına olan etkileri arasındaki yakın ilişkiye dikkat çekilmektedir. Söz konusu donemde Osmanlı İmparatorluǧu'nun tarihi eserlere karşı artan ilgisinin ülke kimliǧinin yeniden tanımlanmasında tarihi eserlerin ne kadar önemli olduǧu konusunda giderek artan bir bilinçlenmeyi yansıttıǧına ve bunun altında yatan Avrupa kültürü içinde yer alma iddiasına kısaca deǧinilmiştir.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 54 , December 2004 , pp. 109 - 117
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography

Abbreviations

CE 3: Standing Committee of the Trustees of the British Museum, Minutes, 1754-1963Google Scholar
CE 4: Original Papers, directed to the Secretary, the British Museum, 1743-1946Google Scholar
CE 5: Officers' Reports to the Trustees of the British Museum, 1805-1869Google Scholar
CE 27: Letterbooks (Letters out), the British Museum, 1829-1946Google Scholar
CDA: Corps de Droit Ottoman: Recueil des Codes, Lois, Règlements, Ordonnances et Actes les plus importants du Droit Intérieur, et d'Études sur le Droit Coutumier de I'Empire Ottoman. Volume 2. Oxford, 1906Google Scholar
IstArch: Istanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri, An Illustrated Guide to the Greek, Roman and Byzantine Architectural and Sculptural Collections in the Archaeological Museum of Istanbul. Istanbul, 1968Google Scholar
LFO: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter JonesGoogle Scholar
LKMP: Letter from Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ambassador at the Imperial Ottoman Embassy in London, to John Winter Jones, Secretary of the British MuseumGoogle Scholar
LWE: Letter from John Turtle Wood to Charles EastlakeGoogle Scholar
LWJFO: Letter from John Winter Jones to the Foreign OfficeGoogle Scholar
LWJKP: Letter from John Winter Jones to Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ambassador at the Imperial Ottoman Embassy in LondonGoogle Scholar
LWJW: Letter from John Winter Jones to John Turtle WoodGoogle Scholar
LWN: Letter from John Turtle Wood to Charles NewtonGoogle Scholar
LWW: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter JonesGoogle Scholar
P No.: Principal Librarian's/Director's office number, the British MuseumGoogle Scholar
RCW: Report from Charles Newton to the Trustees of the British MuseumGoogle Scholar
RSA: ‘Réglement sur les antiquités (Le 20 Séfer 1291–24 Mars 1874)’ in Bey, G. Aristarchi, Législation ottomane, ou recueil des lois, réglements, ordonnances, traités, capitulations et autres documents officiels de I'empire ottoman, par Artistarchi Bey (Grégoire): Publiée par Demétrius Nicolaïdes, directeur-éditeur du journal Thraky: Troisième partie. Droit administratif. Constantinople, 1874: 162-67Google Scholar
RSOA: ‘Réglement sur les objets antiques (Mars 1869)’ in Bey, G. Aristarchi, Législation ottomane, ou recueil des lois, réglements, ordonnances, traités, capitulations et autres documents officiels de I'empire ottoman, par Artistarchi Bey (Grégoire): Publiée par Demétrius Nicolaïdes, directeur-éditeur du journal Thraky: Troisième partie. Droit administratif. Constantinople, 1874: 161-62Google Scholar
RWWJ: Report from John Turtle Wood to John Winter JonesGoogle Scholar
TWJC: Telegram from John Winter Jones to Robert CumberbatchGoogle Scholar
TWW: Telegram from John Turtle Wood to John Winter JonesGoogle Scholar
Board of Trustees, Standing Committee of the Trustees, Minutes. CE 3Google Scholar
Letters and papers vol. 75 (November-December 1862 to January-April 1863), CE 4/75: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Deputy Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 9 April 1863, P No. 3006Google Scholar
Letters and papers vol. 75 (November-December 1862 to January-April 1863), CE 4/75: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Deputy Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 18 April 1863, including a copy of the dispatch from Horace Rumbold, Her Majesty's Charge d'Affairs at Constantinople, transmitting copies of the new regulation with regard to antiquities issued by the Ministry of Public Instructions, 7 April 1863, P No. 3292Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 18 (February-April 1872), CE 4/120: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Deputy Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 27 March 1872, including a copy of a dispatch from Sir Henry Bulwer, Her Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople to the Foreign Office, 6 March 1872, P No. 3695Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 28 (June-July 1873), CE 4/130: Letter from Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ambassador at the Imperial Ottoman Embassy in London, to John Winter Jones, Secretary of the British Museum, 2 June 1873, P. No. 2393Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 28 (June-July 1873), CE 4/130: Letter from Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ambassador at the Imperial Ottoman Embassy in London, to John Winter Jones, Secretary of the British Museum, 27 June 1873, P No. 2839Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 28 (June-July 1873), CE 4/130: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 27 June 1873, including a copy of a dispatch from Sir Henry Elliot, Her Majesty's Ambassador to the Foreign Office, 10 June 1873, P No. 2840Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 29 (July–October 1873), CE 4/131: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 16 August 1873, including a telegram from Sir Henry Elliot, Her Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, to the Foreign Office, 13–14 August 1873, P No. 3657Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 29 (July–October 1873), CE 4/131: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 5 September 1873, including a copy of a dispatch from Sir Henry Elliot, Her Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, to the Foreign Office, 13 August 1873, P No. 3876Google Scholar
Original Papers vol. 31 (November–December 1873 to January–February 1874), CE 4/133: Letter from the Foreign Office to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 24 January 1874, including a copy of a dispatch from Sir Henry Elliot, Her Majesty's Ambassador at Constantinople, to the Foreign Office, 31 December 1873, P No. 419Google Scholar
Letterbook 2 February 1863 to 26 October 1863, CE 27/60: Letter from John Winter Jones, Deputy Principal Librarian, to John Turtle Wood, 17 February 1863, P No. 719Google Scholar
Letterbook 2 February 1863 to 26 October 1863, CE 27/60: Letter from John Winter Jones to Earl Russell, the Foreign Office, 6 March 1863, P No. 989Google Scholar
Letterbook 2 February 1863 to 26 October 1863, CE 27/60: 5 March 1872 to 21 October 1872, CE 27/77: Telegram from John Winter Jones to Robert Cumberbatch, Consul at Smyrna, 13 April 1872, P No. 1478Google Scholar
Letterbook 2 February 1863 to 26 October 1863, CE 27/60: Letter from John Winter Jones to John Turtle Wood, 15 April 1872, P No. 1480Google Scholar
Letterbook 13 May 1873 to 20 December 1873, CE 27/79: Letter from John Winter Jones to Kostaki Musurus Pasha, Ambassador of the Imperial Ottoman Embassy in London, 20 June 1873, P No. 4221Google Scholar
Letterbook 19 December 1873 to September 1874, CE 27/80: Letter from John Winter Jones to John Turtle Wood, 3 July 1874, P No. 3063Google Scholar
Officers' Reports to the Trustees vol. 72 (January–June 1864), CE 5/73: Report from Charles Newton, Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, to the Trustees of the British Museum, 6 January 1864, P No. 230Google Scholar
Officers' Reports to the Trustees vol. 74 (January-June 1865), CE 5/75: Report from Charles Newton, Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, to the Trustees of the British Museum, 11 January 1865, P No. 271.Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1873 to 1935, CE 32/10: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 27 December 1873, including a copy of a vizirial letter to the Governor General of the Vilayet of Aidin, 17 November 1873, P No. 55Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1873 to 1935, CE 32/10: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 17 January 1874, P No. 421Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1873 to 1935, CE 32/10: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 12 May 1874, P No. 2125Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Deputy Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 5 February 1863, P No. 1240Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Deputy Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 18 February 1863, P No. 1656Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Letter from John Turtle Wood to Charles Newton, Keeper of Greco-Roman Antiquities at the British Museum, 12 October 1863, P No. 10345/6Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Letter from John Turtle Wood to Charles Newton, Keeper of Greco-Roman Antiquities at the British Museum, 20 November 1863, P No. 10345/7Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Telegram from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 22 May 1872, P No. 5795Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Letter from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 24 May 1872, P No. 6275Google Scholar
Wood, J.T., Excavations at Ephesus. Wood's Letters. 1863 to 1873, CE 32/13: Report from John Turtle Wood to John Winter Jones, Principal Librarian at the British Museum, 17 June 1872, P No. 6910Google Scholar
Letter from John Turtle Wood to Charles Newton, Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, the British Museum, 28 November 1864Google Scholar
Letter from John Turtle Wood to Charles Eastlake, Secretary of RIBA, 4 December 1877, LC/16/3/3Google Scholar
Aristarchi Bey, G. 1874: Législation Ottomane ou Recueil des Lois, Réglements, Ordonnances, Traités, Capitulations et autres Documents Officiels de l'Empire Ottoman par Démétrius Nicolaïdés, directeur-éditeur du journal Thraky: Troisième partie. Droit administratif. ConstantinopleGoogle Scholar
Cook, B.F 1997: ‘Sir Charles Newton KCB (1816–1894)’ in Jenkins, I., Waywell, G.B. (eds), Sculptors and Sculpture of Caria and Dodecanese. London: 10–29Google Scholar
Coulson, N.J 1964: A History of Islamic Law. EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Gardner, E. 1894–1895: ‘Sir Charles Newton, KCB’ Journal of the British School at Athens 1: 67–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goold, E. 1871: Catalogue explicatif historique et scientifique d' un certain nombre d'objets contenus dans le Musée Impérial de Constantinople fondé en 1869 sous le Grand Vezirat de son altesse A'Ali Pacha. ConstantinopleGoogle Scholar
Harris, P.R 1998: A History of the British Museum Library 1753–1973. LondonGoogle Scholar
Schacht, J. 1966: An Introduction to Islamic Law. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Shaw, W.M.K. 2003: Possessors and Possessed: Museums, Archaeology, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire. Berkeley, LondonCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley-Price, N. 2001: ‘The Ottoman Law on Antiquities (1874) and the founding of the Cyprus Museum’ in Tatton-Brown, V. (ed.), Cyprus in the 19th Century AD. Fact, Fancy and Fiction. Papers of the 22nd British Museum Classical Colloquium December 1998. Oxford: 267–75Google Scholar
Young, G. 1906: Corps de Droit Ottoman: Recueil des Codes, Lois, Règlements, Ordonnances et Actes les plus importants du Droit Intérieur, et d'Etudes sur le Droit Coutumier de l'Empire Ottoman. Volume 2. OxfordGoogle Scholar
Wood, J.T 1877: Discoveries at Ephesus Including the Site and Remains of the Great Temple of Diana. LondonGoogle Scholar
Wright, G.R.H. 2001: ‘Archaeology and Islamic law in Ottoman Cyprus’ in Tatton-Brown, V. (ed.), Cyprus in the 19th Century AD. Fact, Fancy and Fiction. Papers of the 22nd British Museum Classical Colloquium December 1998. Oxford: 261–66Google Scholar