Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T08:52:02.781Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Hemoglobin Variants in India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Manju Ajmani
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, and Department of Pathology, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta, India
Archana Sharma*
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, and Department of Pathology, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta, India
Geeta Talukder
Affiliation:
Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, and Department of Pathology, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Calcutta, India
*
Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Calcutta 700019, India

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The occurrence of different types of hemoglobin variants in India has been well-documented in urban populations and in certain tribal areas. Beta-thalassaemia and hemoglobins D, E, H, S, and rare variants like Hb Lepore, have been found in varying percentages. There is a higher incidence of Hb E in the Eastern region and of Hb D in certain Northern populations. The association of Hb E with beta thalassaemia G6PD deficiency has been established. The relationship with other environmental factors, like malaria, is not yet clear.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1978

References

REFERENCES

Ajmani, M., Sharma, A., Talukder, G., Bhattacharyya, D.K. 1976. Beta-thalassaemia trait in West Bengal. A methodological study. Curr. Sci. 45: 461462.Google Scholar
Ajmani, M., Sharma, A., Talkuder, G., Bhattacharyya, D.K. 1977. Genetic interaction of β-thalassaemia (HbβT) and haemoglobin E (HbβE) in populations of Eastern India. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 15: 455457.Google Scholar
Aksoy, M., Bird, G.W.G., Lehmann, H., Mourant, A.E., Thein, H., Wickremasinghe, R.L. 1955. Haemoglobin E in Asia. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 130: 5657.Google Scholar
Allison, A.C. 1954. Protection afforded by sickle cell trait against subtertian malaria infection. Brit. Med. J. 1: 290.Google Scholar
Allison, A.C., Askonas, B.A., Barnicot, N.A., Blumberg, B.S., Krimbas, C. 1963. Deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Greek populations. Ann. Hum. Genet. 26: 237.Google Scholar
Azevedo, E., Kirkman, H. N., Morrow, A.C., Motulsky, A.G. 1968. Variants of red cell G6PD among asiatic Indians. Ann. Hum. Genet. 31: 373.Google Scholar
Bapat, J.P., Baxi, A.J. 1973. Quantitative levels of G6PD, PK and glutathione in normal and G6PD-deficient individuals. Indian J. Med. Res. 61: 10311035.Google Scholar
Barkhan, P., Adinolfi, M. 1962. Observations on the high foetal haemoglobin gene and its interaction with thalassaemia gene. J. Clin. Pathol. 15: 350356.Google Scholar
Batabyal, J.N., Wilson, J.M.G. 1958. Sickle cell anaemia in Assam. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 30: 811.Google Scholar
Baxi, A.J., Balakrishnan, V., Sanghvi, L.D. 1961. Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase — Observations on a sample from Bombay. Curr. Sci. 30: 1620.Google Scholar
Bhatia, H.M., Thin, J., Debray, H., Cabanes, J. 1955. Étude anthropologique et génétique de la population du Nord de l'Inde. Bull. Soc. Anthropol. (Paris) 6: 199213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharjee, P.N. 1956. A genetic survey in the Rarhi Brahmins and Muslims of West Bengal: A1-A2-B-0, M-N, Rh blood groups, ABH secretion sickle cell, PTC taste, middle phalangeal hairs and colour blindness. Bull. Dept. Anthropol., (Govt, of India) 5: 1826.Google Scholar
Bird, G.W.G., Lehmann, H. 1956. Haemoglobin D in India. Br. Med. J. 1: 514.Google Scholar
Bird, G.W.G., Ikin, E.W., Lehmann, H., Mourant, A.E. 1956. The blood groups and haemoglobins of the Sikhs. Heredity (Lond.) 10: 425429.Google Scholar
Bird, G.W.G., Ikin, E.W., Hasan, M.I., Malhotra, P.O., Lehmann, H. 1964. Interaction of β-tha-lassaemia and hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin. J. Med. Genet. 1: 2426.Google Scholar
Bird, G.W.G., Ikin, E.W., Mourant, A.E., Lehmann, H. 1966. The blood groups and haemoglobins of the Malayalis. In Madan, T.N. and Sarna, G. (Eds.): Essays in Memory of D.N. Majumdar. Asia Publishing House, Bombay, pp. 221226.Google Scholar
Bolton, J.P., Harrison, B.D.W., Lehmann, H. 1964. Abnormal haemoglobins in a small group of tribesmen from N.W. Pakistan. Man 64: 113114.Google Scholar
Büchi, E.C. 1955. Blood, secretion and taste among the Pallar, a South Indian community. The Anthropologist 2: 18.Google Scholar
Chakravartti, M.R., Chakravartti, A. 1977. Consanguineous marriage and genetic load. Hum. Genet. 36: 4754.Google Scholar
Chandrashekhar, S., Rajagopal, G., Sugautha, V. 1974. Haemoglobin E trait with methaemoglobinaemia. Indian J. Med. Sci. 28: 216218.Google Scholar
Chatterjea, J.B. 1959. Haemoglobinopathy in India. In Jonxis, J.H.P. and Delafresnaye, J.F. (Eds.): Abnormal Haemoglobins. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford, pp. 322339.Google Scholar
Chatterjea, J.B. 1964. Malaria and haemoglobin E. Lancet 1: 1185.Google Scholar
Chatterjea, J.B. 1966. Haemoglobinopathies, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and allied problems in Indian subcontinent. Bull. WHO, 35: 837856.Google Scholar
Chatterjea, J.B. 1970. Thalassaemia in India. Alimentary and Haematological aspects of tropical diseases. In Woodruff, A.W., pp. 377.Google Scholar
Chatterjea, J.B., Swarup, S., Ghosh, S.K., Ray, R.N. 1957. Incidence of haemoglobin E and thalassaemia trait in Bengalee population. Bull. Calcutta Sch. Trop. Med. 5: 159160.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S., Sen, S.N., Mukherjee, B., Ghosh, J. 1963. Haematological field survey in Anglo Indian Communities of Kharagpore, West Bengal. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 11: 955960.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S., Chakravartti, M.R., Mukherjee, B., Sen, S.N., Ghosh, J., Maitra, A. 1964 a. Study of haematological factors, blood groups, anthropometric measurements and genetics of some of the tribal and caste groups of: 1. South India — Kerala, Nilgiris and Andhra Pradesh; 2. North Eastern India — Totopara. Proc. 9th Congr. Int. Soc. Blood Transf. (Mexico), S. Karger, New York, pp. 196205.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S., Ghosh, J., Mukherjee, B. 1964 b. Study of haemoglobin variants and blood groups in Santal tribe of Midnapore district of West Bengal, India. Abs. 10th Congr. Int. Soc. Haematol. (Stockholm) 1:11.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S., Ghosh, J., Mukherjee, B., Roychowdhury, A.K. 1967 a. Study of blood groups and haemoglobin variants among Santal tribe in Midnapore district of West Bengal, India. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 26: 307311.Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, S., Mukherjee, B., Roychowdhury, A.K., Ghosh, J. 1967 b. Study of blood groups and haemoglobin variants of the Sikhs of Calcutta. J. Hered. 58: 213214.Google Scholar
Chouhan, D.M., Sharma, R.R., Parekh, J.G. 1970. α-thalassaemia in India. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 54: 364367.Google Scholar
Chouhan, D.M., Sharma, R.R., Vakil, B.J., Parekh, J.G. 1971. Haemoglobin lepore in an Indian family. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 56: 287290.Google Scholar
Das, B.M., Chakravartti, M.R., Delbrück, H., Flatz, G. 1971. High prevalence of haemoglobin E in two populations in Assam. Humangenetik 12: 264266.Google Scholar
Das, B.M., Flatz, G. 1975. Predominance of the haemoglobin E gene in a mongoloid population in Assam (India). Humangenetik 30: 187191.Google Scholar
Das, K.C., Bidwai, P.S., Mahapatra, S.S., Sukumaran, P.K. 1975. Haemoglobin M disease in a Punjabi family. Ind. J. Path. Bact. 18: 54.Google Scholar
Das, S.R., Mukherjee, D.P., Sastry, D.B. 1967. Sickle cell trait in Koraput district and other parts of India. Acta Genet. (Basel) 17: 6273.Google Scholar
Deshmukh, V.V. 1968. Deficiency of erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and sickle cell trait: a survey at Aurangabad, Maharashtra. Indian J. Med. Res. 56: 821825.Google Scholar
De Traverse, P.M., Coquelet, M.L., Henrotte, J.G. 1963. Anomalie de l'hemoglobine dans la population de Madras. C.R. Soc. Biol. (Paris). 157: 3841.Google Scholar
Dube, B., Kumar, S., Mangalik, V.S. 1959. Absence of abnormal haemoglobins in 235 subjects of Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Med. Res. 47: 148149.Google Scholar
Dube, R.K., Dube, B., Gupta, Y.N. 1976. Erythrocyte G6PD deficiency at Varanasi. Indian J. Path. Bact. 19: 245260.Google Scholar
Dunlop, K.J., Mozumder, U.K. 1952. The occurrence of sickle cell anaemia among a group of tea garden labourers in Upper Assam. Indian Med. G. 387.Google Scholar
Dutta, R.N., Grover, J., Lal, Madan. 1972. Haemoglobin D disease. J. Indian Med. Assn. 58: 4247.Google Scholar
Edington, G.M., Lehmann, H. 1956. Sickle cell trait and malaria in Africa. Bull. WHO 15: 937.Google Scholar
Flatz, G. 1967. Haemoglobin E: distribution and dynamics. Humangenetik. 3: 187.Google Scholar
Flatz, G. 1978. Population dynamics of hemoglobinopathies in S.E. Asia. In Verma 1978.Google Scholar
Flatz, G., Pik, C., Sringam, S. 1965. Haemoglobin E and β-thalassaemia: their distribution in Thailand. Ann. Hum. Genet., 29: 151.Google Scholar
Flatz, G., Chakravartti, M.R., Das, B.M., Delbrück, H. 1972. Genetic survey in the population of Assam. I. ABO blood groups, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and haemoglobin type. Hum. Hered., 22: 323330.Google Scholar
Glasgow, B.G., Goodwin, M.J., Jackson, F., Kopec, A.C., Lehmann, H., Mourant, A.E., Tills, D., Turner, R.W.D., Ward, M.P. 1968. The blood groups, serum groups and haemoglobins of the inhabitants of Luana and Thimpu, Bhutan. Vox Sang. 14: 3142.Google Scholar
Graff, J.A.E., Lehmann, H., Mourant, A.E., Perkins, D.M., Wickremasinghe, R.L. 1954. Haemoglobin E and blood groups in the Veddahs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 127: 41.Google Scholar
Gupta, S.C., Mehrotra, T.N., Mehrotra, V.G. 1970. Haemoglobin E-thalassaemia in Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Med. Res. 58: 857862.Google Scholar
Gupta, S.C., Mehrotra, T.N., Sinha, R. 1972. Haemoglobin D in Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Med. Res. 60: 14051410.Google Scholar
Gupta, S.C., Mehrotra, T.N., Sharma, N.P., Agarwal, A.K., Kapoor, K.K., Mehrotra, H.K. 1977. Abnormal haemoglobin S in Nepali Gorkhas. Indian J. Med. Res. 66: 809814.Google Scholar
Hakim, S.M.A., Baxi, A.J., Balakrishnan, V., Kulkarni, K.V., Rao, S.S., Jhala, S.J. 1972. Haptoglobin, transferrin and abnormal haemoglobins in Indian Muslims. Indian J. Med. Res. 60: 699703.Google Scholar
Jacob, G.F., Lehmann, H., Raper, A.B. 1956. Haemoglobin D in Indians of Gujarati origin in Uganda. East Afr. Med. J. 33: 135138.Google Scholar
Jain, R.C. 1971. Haemoglobin D disease. Amer. J. Clin. Pathol. 56: 4042.Google Scholar
John, T.J., Jayabal, P. 1971. Fetal and child loss in relation to consanguinity in South India. Indian J. Med. Res. 59: 10501057.Google Scholar
Joshua, G.E. 1974. The genetic component in mentally retarded South Indian children. Indian J. Med. Res. 62: 12511260.Google Scholar
Kirk, R.L., Lai, L.Y.C., Vos, G.M., Vidyarthi, L.P. 1962a. A genetic survey of the Oraons of the Chota Nagpur Plateau (Bihar, India). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 20: 375385.Google Scholar
Kirk, R.L., Lai, L.Y.C., Vos, G.M., Wickremasinghe, R.L., Perara, D.J. 1962 b. The blood and serum groups of selected populations in South India and Ceylon. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 20: 485497.Google Scholar
Kruatrachue, M., Charoenlap, P., Chongjuppajaisiddhi, J., Harinasuta, C. 1962. Erythrocyte glucose-6phosphate-dehydrogenase deficiency and malaria in Thailand. Lancet ii: 1183.Google Scholar
Kruatrachue, M., Bhaibulaya, M., Klongkamnaun-karn, K., Harinasuta, C. 1969. Haemoglobinopathies and malaria in Thailand. Bull. WHO. 40: 459.Google Scholar
Kumar, N. 1966. ABO blood groups and sickle cell trait investigations in Madhya Pradesh, Indore district, India. Acta Genet. Med. Gemellol. (Roma) 15: 404408.Google Scholar
Kumar, N., Ghosh, A.K. 1967. ABO blood groups and sickle cell trait investigations in Madhya Pradesh, Ujjain and Dewas districts. Acta Genet. (Basel) 17: 5561.Google Scholar
Labie, D., Rosa, J., Paviot, J.J. 1961. Sur l'existence de différentes anomalies de l'hémoglobine dans une population du Sud de l'Inde. Nouv. Rev. Fr. Hematol. 1: 562568.Google Scholar
Lehmann, H. 1954. Distribution of the sickle cell gene. Eugen. Rev. 46: 101102.Google Scholar
Lehmann, H., Cutbush, M. 1952. Sickle cell trait in Southern India. Br. Med. J. 1: 404405.Google Scholar
Lehmann, H., Sukumaran, P.K. 1956. Examination of 146 South Indian aborigines for haemoglobin variants. Man 56: 9596.Google Scholar
Lehmann, H., Sharih, A., Robinson, G.L. 1961. Sickle cell haemoglobin in a Pathan. Man 61: 108109.Google Scholar
Lele, R.D., Solanki, B.R., Bhagwat, R.B., Ingle, V.N., Shah, P.M. 1962. Haemoglobinopathies in Aurangabad region. J. Assoc. Physicians India, 10: 263271.Google Scholar
Lie-Injo, L.E., Ti, T.S. 1961. The fast moving haemoglobin component in healthy newborn babies in Malaya. Med. J. Malaya 16: 107114.Google Scholar
Lopez, C.G., Lie-Injo, L.E. 1971. α-thalassaemia in West Malayasia. Hum. Hered. 21: 185191.Google Scholar
Majumdar, N.K. 1972. A preliminary study on consanguinity and deafness. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 58: 7882.Google Scholar
Mathur, K.S., Mehrotra, T.N., Dayal, R.S., Yadav, S.N.S. 1962. Incidence of haemoglobin E and thalassaemia in Uttar Pradesh. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 39: 172177.Google Scholar
Mehrotra, V.G., Gupta, S.C., Pande, S.R., Mehrotra, T.N. 1968. Abnormal haemoglobins in Uttar Pradesh. Indian J. Med. Res. 56: 13651370.Google Scholar
Mehrotra, T.N.. Gupta, S.C., Sinha, R., Lehmann, H., Wiltshire, B.G. 1975. Haemoglobin Norfolk in Nepali Gorkhas. Humangenetik 27: 347349.Google Scholar
Mehta, B.C., Mankhodi, R.P., Acharya, V.M., Khanna, R.M., Shah, M.D., Krishna, U.R., Patel, J.C., Baxi, A.J. 1971. G6PD deficiency. Indian J. Med. Sci. 25: 308310.Google Scholar
Mehta, B.C., Dave, V.B., Josphi, S.R., Baxi, A.J., Bhatia, H.M., Patel, J.C. 1972. Studies of haematological and genetical characteristics of Cutchi Bhanusali community. Indian J. Med. Res. 60: 305311.Google Scholar
Mehta, B.C., Iyer, P.D., Gandhi, S.O. 1973. β-thalassaemia haemoglobin-E disease in a Tamil Christian subject. Indian J. Med. Sci. 27: 324326.Google Scholar
Misra, R.C., Basu, A.K., Mitra, S.S. 1976. Erythrocyte G6PD deficiency thalassaemia syndrome — A cytochemical study. J. Ind. Med. Sci. 65: 4042.Google Scholar
Mital, M.S., Parekh, J.G., Sukumaran, P.K., Sharma, R.S., Dave, P.J. 1962. A focus of sickle cell gene near Bombay. Acta Haematol. (Basel) 27: 257267.Google Scholar
Nagaratnam, J., Sukumaran, P.K. 1967. Thalassaemia in Ceylon. Acta Haematol. (Basel). 38: 209218.Google Scholar
Nagaratnam, N., Siripala, K.A., Attapatu, A.M.P., Undevia, J.V., Sukumaran, P.K. 1971. Hereditary elliptocytosis associated with β-thalassaemia and a variant of Rh(D) — A study of a Sinhalese family. Acta Haematol. 46: 232241.Google Scholar
Negi, R.S. 1962. The incidence of sickle-cell trait in two Bastar tribes. I. Man 62: 8486.Google Scholar
Negi, R.S. 1963. The incidence of sickle-cell trait in Bastar. II. Man 63: 1923.Google Scholar
Negi, R.S. 1964. The incidence of sickle-cell trait in Bastar. III. Man 64: 171174.Google Scholar
Pande, S.R., Bhattacharya, S.R., Gupta, S.C., Mehrotra, T.N. 1970. Abnormal haemoglobins in Indian Armed Forces personnel. Indian J. Med. Res. 58: 10171024.Google Scholar
Pande, S.R., Mehrotra, V.G., Mehrotra, T.N. 1972. Study of abnormal haemoglobins in professional blood donors. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 58: 283284.Google Scholar
Parekh, J.G., Sharma, R.S., Saha, K.M. 1963. Hereditary persistence of foetal haemoglobin in combination with thalassaemia in the Indian families. J. Assoc. Physicians India 11: 975981.Google Scholar
Parekh, J.G., Chouhan, D.M., Sharma, R.S., Sukumaran, P.K., Weatherall, D.J. 1967. Thalassaemia haemoglobin H disease in Western India. Abstr. IV Congr. Asian and Pacific Soc. Haematol. New Delhi, p. 23.Google Scholar
Parikh, N.P., Baxi, A.J., Jhala, H.T. 1969. Blood groups and other genetical characters in Mahars — a socially low caste from Maharashtra. Indian J. Med. Res., 57: 14671474.Google Scholar
Phadke, M.A. 1977. Hb-D in Sindhis. Abstr. Hum. Genet. Bull. III: 3.Google Scholar
Raper, A.B. 1955. Malaria and the sickling trait. Brit. Med. J. 1: 1186.Google Scholar
Raper, A.B. 1957. Unusual haemoglobin variant in a Gujarati Indian. Brit. Med. J. 1: 12851286.Google Scholar
Ray, R.N., Chatterjea, J.B., Chaudhuri, R.N. 1964. Bull. WHO 30: 51.Google Scholar
Reddy, D.G., Baruah, I.K. 1964. Sickle cell anaemia: a study of three cases autopsy material and one clinical case. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 46: 163165.Google Scholar
Reid, R.M. 1976. Effects of consanguineous marriage and inbreeding on couple fertility and offspring mortality in rural Sri Lanka. Hum. Biol. 48: 138146.Google Scholar
Roy, D.N., Roy Chaudhuri, S.K. 1967. Sickle cell trait in the tribal population of Madhya Pradesh and Orissa. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 49: 107112.Google Scholar
Saha, N. 1970. Prevalence of abnormal haemoglobins in pulmonary tuberculosis in three different ethnic groups. J. Med. Genet. 7: 4446.Google Scholar
Saha, N., Banerjee, B. 1965. Incidence of abnormal haemoglobins in Punjab. Calcutta Med. J. 62: 8286.Google Scholar
Saha, N., Banerjee, B. 1971. Incidence of abnormal haemoglobins in different ethnic groups of Indians. Humangenetik 11: 300303.Google Scholar
Saha, N., Banerjee, B. 1973. Haemoglobinopathies in the Indian subcontinent. Acta Genet. Med. Gemellol. 22: 117138.Google Scholar
Sanghvi, L.D. 1962. Haemoglobin survey in Maharashtra. Lecture, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Sanghvi, L.D., Sukumaran, P.K., Lehmann, H. 1958 Haemoglobin J trait in two Indian women associated with thalassaemia in one. Brit. Med. J. 2: 828830.Google Scholar
Sarup, B.M., White, J.M. 1974. The synthesis of globin peptide chains in sickle cell disease. Brit. J. Haematol. 27: 153162.Google Scholar
Sayed, B.A., Amin, S.P. 1966. A survey of sickle-cell trait in Bhil tribe in Baroda district with blood group data. J.J. Hosp. Grant Med. Coll. 11: 169171.Google Scholar
Sen, D.K. 1960. Blood groups and haemoglobin variants in upper castes of Bengal. J. R. Anthropol. Inst. (Gr. Br.) 90: 161174.Google Scholar
Sharma, A., Talukder, G., Mukherjee, S.K. 1976. Laboratory Procedures in Human Genetics, 2: Biochemical Methodology, pp. 1305. Nucleus, Calcutta.Google Scholar
Sharma, J.C. 1968. Convergent evolution in the tribes of Bastar. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 28: 113118.Google Scholar
Sharma, N.P., Gupta, S.C., Atal, P.R., Mehrotra, T.N., Agarwal, A.K., Kapoor, K.K. 1976. Abnormal haemoglobins in the Pakistani armed forces personnel. Indian J. Med. Res. 64: 883890.Google Scholar
Sharma, R.S. Parekh, J.G., Shah, K.M. 1963. Haemoglobinopathies in Western India. J. Assoc. Phys. India 11: 969973.Google Scholar
Shukla, R.N., Parande, A.S. 1956. Occurrence of sickle cell trait in Nagpur. Indian J. Med. Sci. 10: 892895.Google Scholar
Shukla, R.N., Solanki, B.R. 1958. Sickle cell trait in Central India. Lancet. 1: 297298.Google Scholar
Siddoo, J.K., Siddoo, S.K., Chase, W.H., Morgan-Dean, L., Perry, W.H. 1956. Thalassaemia in Sikh. Blood 11: 197210.Google Scholar
Sinha, R., Mehrotra, T.N., Gupta, S.C., Kapoor, K.K. 1973. Abnormal haemoglobins in the Indian armed forces personnel. Indian J. Med. Res. 61: 12991307.Google Scholar
Siniscalco, M., Bernini, L., Latte, B., Motulsky, A.G. 1961. Favism and thalassaemia in Sardinia and their relationship to malaria. Nature (Lond.). 190: 1179.Google Scholar
Stern, M.A., Kynoch, P.A.M., Lehmann, N. 1968. β-thalassaemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and haemoglobin D Punjab in Pathans. Lancet 1: 12841285.Google Scholar
Subhedar, B.J., Bhargava, H.S., Choubey, B.S., Solanki, B.R. 1961. Haemoglobin-J in a Harijan family. J. Assoc. Physicians India. 9: 501505.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K. 1975. In Sen, S.N. and Basu, S.K. (eds.): Trends in Haematology, J.B. Chatterjea Mem. Vol., pp. 225261.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K. 1978. Hemoglobinopathies among Indian tribes. In Verma 1978.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K., Sanghvi, L.D., Vyas, G.N. 1956. Sickle cell trait in some tribes of Western India. Curr. Sci. 25: 290291.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K., Sanghvi, L.D., Ager, J.A.M., Lehmann, H. 1959. Haemoglobin L in Bombay: findings of three Gujarati-speaking Lohana families. Acta Genet. 9: 202206.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K., Sanghvi, L.D., Nazreth, F.A. 1960. Haemoglobin-D-thalassaemia. A report of two families. Acta Haematol. 23: 309319.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K., Randelia, H.P., Sanghvi, L.D., Merchant, S.M. 1961. Thalassaemia syndrome in Bombay. J. Assoc. Physicians India 9: 477488.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K., Bhatia, H.M., Sanghvi, L.D. 1969. Haemoglobin variants and blood groups in Gujarati-speaking Lohanas in Bombay. Paper presented at Annu. Conf. Indian Soc. Haematol, and Blood Transf. Hyderabad.Google Scholar
Sukumaran, P.K., Master, H.R. 1974. The distribution of abnormal haemoglobins in the Indian population. Proc. 1st. Conf. Indian Soc. Hum. Genet. 1: 91111.Google Scholar
Sunder Rao, P.S.S., Inbaraj, S.G., Kaliaperumal, V.G. 1971. An epidemiological study of consanguinity in a large South Indian town. Indian J. Med. Res. 59: 294:301.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Chatterjea, J.B. 1958. Abnormal haemoglobins. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 30: 25.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Ghosh, S.K., Kundu, A.B., Chatterjea, J.B. 1959. Abnormal haemoglobins in Mysore. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 33: 209210.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Ghosh, S.K., Chatterjea, J.B. 1960. Haemoglobin E disease in Bengalis. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 35: 1315.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Ghosh, S.K., Chatterjea, J.B. 1963. A report of fast moving haemoglobin in Bengalis. Bull. Calcutta Sch. Trop. Med. 11: 137138.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Banerji, P.G., Ghosh, S.K., Chatterjea, J.B. 1965. Haemoglobin Bart's in Bengalee blood. Bull. Calcutta Sch. Trop. Med. 13: 4748.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Ghosh, S.K., Ghosh, S., Basu, A.K., Chatterjea, J.B. 1966a. Haemoglobin D in Bengalis. Proc. Ann. Meeting Indian Soc. Haematol, and Blood Transf. Gwalior, pp. 711.Google Scholar
Swarup, S., Ghosh, S.K., Chatterjea, J.B. 1966 b. Haemoglobin J in a Bengali family with evidence of interaction between haemoglobin J and thalassaemia. J. Indian Med. Assoc. 46: 590594.Google Scholar
Swarup-Mitra, 1978. In Verma 1978.Google Scholar
Talukder, G., Sharma, A. 1978. Genetic diseases in India. Nucleus 21, 3.Google Scholar
Thakur, U.T. 1959. Sindhi Culture. Bombay University Publication.Google Scholar
Trincao, C., Almeida, F.L.T., Martins De, M.J., Surleav, L. 1963. Abnormal haemoglobins in Portuguese India (Goa and Diu territories). Proc. 9th Congr. Europ. Soc. Haematol. (Lisbon). S. Karger, New York, pp. 474476.Google Scholar
Udani, P.M., Parekh, J.G., Sharma, R.S. 1961. Thalassaemia syndromes in children. Proc. Ann. Conference of the Indian Soc. Haematol. (Madras).Google Scholar
Undevia, J.V. 1969. Population genetics of the Parsis: Comparison of genetical characteristics of the present Parsi population with its ancestral and affiliated groups. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Bombay.Google Scholar
Vella, F. 1957. Haemoglobin E in a Nepalese soldier. Lancet 1: 1251.Google Scholar
Vella, F. 1962. Abnormal haemoglobins and erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Singapore and Malaya. Oceania 32: 219225.Google Scholar
Vella, F., Field, T.E. 1958. Abnormal haemoglobins in Malay and Nepalese Gurkha soldiers. Med. E. Malaya 13: 153158.Google Scholar
Verma, I.C. (ed.) 1978. Medical Genetics in India. Pondicherry: Aurema Publ. Google Scholar
Vora, S., Iyer, P.D., Bhagat, M.P., Patel, J.C., Mehta, B.C. 1975. Incidence of Hb Barts in cord blood samples. Indian J. Med. Sci. 29: 205209.Google Scholar
Vyas, G.N., Bhatia, H.M., Sukumaran, P.K., Balakrishnan, V., Sanghvi, L.D. 1962. Study of blood groups and abnormal haemoglobins and other genetical characters in some tribes of Gujarat. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 20: 255265.Google Scholar
Wasi, P., Na-Jakorn, S., Suingolumrong, A. 1967. Studies on the distribution of haemoglobin E, thalassaemias and glucose-6-phosphate deficiency in northestern Thailand. Nature 214: 501.Google Scholar
Wickremasinghe, R.L., Ikin, E.W., Mourant, A.E., Lehmann, H. 1963. Blood groups and haemoglobin types of Ceylonese. Spolia Zeylania Bull. Nat. Mus., Ceylon, 30: 149154.Google Scholar